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Biomedical subjects

J R Buchanan

Publications and source records attributed to J R Buchanan.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Pilot electromyographic studies of resting oral activity in obese and normal subjects.

Subjects were placed alone in a room where purposeful oral activity such as eating, talking and smoking was not permitted, while activity such as pursing the lips sucking on cheeks, grimaces etc was measured by a specially designed electromyometer. This was done via electrodes attached to the peri-oral area and was recorded in a standardized fashion. In contrast to expectations, total resting activity in the obese did not differ significantly from that of normals. However, the two groups differ in that the time lapse prior to major peaking is significantly shorter in normals than in the obese. Analysis of patterns of both obese and normals suggests cyclic activity of approximately 120 min duration, and this was confirmed with a small group of ten obese subjects. The implications of these findings, in terms of previous work on oral cycles in the obese as well as implications for future research, are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Aflatoxin and sterigmatocystin contamination of pistachio nuts in orchards.

Aspergillus flavus and A. versicolor were both shown to be weak pathogens of developing pistachio fruits, producing aflatoxin and sterigmatocystin, respectively. Aflatoxin concentrations approached those reported in cereal and legume seeds. Fungus lesions on the first hulls were followed by invasion of seeds despite the sclerified shell. Infections and mycotoxins present before harvest would presumably lead to further build-up after harvest if drying was slow or storage was under high humidity.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1975

Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin production in fig fruits.

Immature fig fruits did not support colonization and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus Lk. but became susceptible when ripe. While sun-drying on the tree, fruits were particularly vulnerable to fungal infection and colonization. Aflatoxin accumulation equaled levels frequently reported for such seeds as peanuts and cereal grains.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1974

Production of patulin by Penicillium expansum.

Twenty-seven isolates of Penicillium expansum Lk. ex Thom obtained from Europe, Australia, and North America from seven different fruit hosts all produced patulin in culture. Six isolates were essentially nonpathogenic in apple fruits. In culture, patulin generally accumulated to much higher levels than in apple fruits. At all temperatures permitting fungus growth, patulin was produced. However, only small amounts were observed near the maximal temperature for growth (30 C). At 0 C, patulin accumulated but slowly in culture. Modified atmospheres suppressed both fungus growth and patulin accumulation in apples. After varying incubation periods to obtain similar total growth, the patulin concentration was low in modified atmospheres and high in air.

Air↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bowel entrapment by pelvic fracture fragments: a case report and review of the literature.

A 13-year-old boy sustained an acetabular fracture which was complicated by entrapment of the small bowel. Five days after injury, the incarcerated bowel was freed from the fracture site, and primarily reanastamosed after excision of a 5-cm segment. The postoperative course was complicated by a prolonged fever of unknown origin which finally was attributed to hepatitis. Ten months after injury, the patient was ambulating with the aid of a cane. Only 5 comparable cases of mechanical entrapment of small bowel in pelvic fractures were found in the literature. In all 5, the diagnosis was difficult, and in 2, the patients died from this complication of pelvic fracture. The possibility of bowel entrapment should be considered in all instances of prolonged ileus associated with pelvic fracture.

Acetabulum↗