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Biomedical subjects

J R Clement

Publications and source records attributed to J R Clement.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Malignant histiocytosis appearing as cold-agglutinin disease.

We have described a 63-year-old man with elevated titers of cold agglutinins who was found to have malignant histiocytosis. Treatment with cytotoxic agents resulted in a rapid though temporary clinical response. Malignant histiocytosis should be considered in patients with unexplained cold agglutinin disease.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1983

Aspirin and recurrent hyphema after blunt ocular trauma.

Recurrent hyphema after traumatic blunt injury to the eye is associated with a more serious prognosis than that occurring from the initial trauma, resulting in a higher risk of glaucoma, corneal staining, surgical intervention, poor visual acuity, and enucleation. Risk factors associated with the development of recurrent bleeding are not well defined, but recent evidence suggests a high association with concurrent aspirin ingestion. Of 25 consecutive patients with hyphemas (20 males and five females, ranging in age from 2 to 53 years), 12 took aspirin after the initial trauma and seven had recurrent hyphemas. Platelet aggregation determinations in these seven patients showed defects associated with aspirin. Only one of 13 patients without aspirin intake had recurrent bleeding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Physical stability of insulin formulations.

Insulin aggregation remains a fundamental obstacle to the long-term application of many insulin infusion systems. We here report the effects of physiologic and nonphysiologic compounds on the aggregation behavior of crystalline zinc insulin (CZI) solutions. Under conditions chosen to simulate the most severe that would be encountered in delivery systems (presence of air, continuous motion, and elevated temperature), both highly purified and regular CZI at 5 U/ml formed turbid gels in 5 days. At concentrations of 100 and 500 U/ml stability was increased with turbid gels forming at 12 and 15 days, respectively. Under identical conditions, 5 U/ml CZI formulations containing the physiologic surfactant lysophosphatidylcholine (0.02%) or the synthetic surfactants SDS (1%), Brij 35 (0.1%), Tween (0.01%), or Triton X (0.01%) retained a transmittance at 540 nm of greater than 96% for 67-150 days. These nonionic and ionic surfactants containing the hydrophobic group, CH3(CH2)N, with N = 7-16, remarkably stabilized CZI formulations while those lacking such groups demonstrated little or no effect. The alcohols glycerol (30-50%) and isopropanol (10-50%) were moderately effective stabilizers. Silicone rubber drastically accelerated aggregation in all but one formulation (1% SDS). Emphasis in this study was placed on the properties of 5-U/ml formulations. Controls run at higher concentrations indicated a positive correlation between concentration and stability. It was concluded that the aggregation of insulin into high-molecular-weight polymers may be inhibited by reducing the effective polarity of the solvent. In this regard, anionic and nonionic surfactants containing appropriately long hydrophobic groups demonstrated the greatest degree of stabilization. Finally, of all the medical grade materials likely to be used in pumps, silicone rubber is the most active in promoting insulin aggregation.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1981

Nutritional supplementation, maternal education, and cognitive development of infants at risk of malnutrition.

Infants born to families at risk of malnutrition were studied prospectively from the beginning of the 3rd trimester of the mother's pregnancy until the child reached 3 yr of age to ascertain the effects of nutritional supplementation and/or a maternal education program on their cognitive development. Four hundred thirty-three families were assigned randomly to six groups: group A served as a control; group B received the supplement from the age of 6 months to 3 yr; group C received the supplement during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and the first 6 months of the child's life; and group D received the supplement throughout the entire study period. In addition, group A1 was enrolled in a maternal education program but received no nutritional supplement and group B1 received both treatments. The Griffiths test of infant development was administered at 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age, and the Corman-Escalona Einstein scale was administered at each age up to 18 months. Children who received food supplementation performed better than those who did not, especially on subtests that were primarily motoric. The effect of food supplementation on behavior appeared to be contemporaneous. In addition, the treatment effects were more pronounced for girls than for boys in this sample. Although these interventions reduced the gap in cognitive performance between lower and upper socioeconomic classes, a disparity nevertheless remained by the end of the study.

Child Development↗
PubMed1976

Pulse radiolytic investigation of single heme group reduction in hum an methemoglobin.

Reduction of one of the four heme groups of human aquomethemoglobin A has been investigated by the pulse radiolysis method. The reactivity of e-a-q, the hydrated electron, with methemoglobin was determined by observing this species directly. The separate reactions of the hydroxy yl radical and hydrogen atom, as well as of e-a-q, were studied by observing absorbance changes in the protein spectrum over the wavelength range 290 to 600nm, with appropriate scavengers in solution...

Azides↗