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Biomedical subjects

J R García Berrocal

Publications and source records attributed to J R García Berrocal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Retrospective study of 200 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is frequently diagnosed in advanced stages due to the anatomic characteristics of its site of origin and of the inspecificity of many of its clinical manifestations. However, cure rates are directly related with the early diagnosis. In this study of 200 patients affected by this tumor we analyse the different clinical manifestations, their chronology and their value as early indicators of nasopharyngeal tumour.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2002

[Cochlear cytotoxic activity of cisplatin in experimentation animals. A study using scanning electron microscopy].

Cisplatin is an antitumoral agent commonly used in the treatment of different solid tumors. Its use induces adverse effects like oto- and nephrotoxicity due to acute renal failure. This makes it a suitable drug when creating an experimental model of ototoxicity. Our aim is to study the cellular lesions induced in the cochlea of the rat and the guinea pig by variable doses of cisplatin injected intraperitoneally, after short, middle, and long term survival, by means of scanning electronic microscopy. Results show the global effect of the cells of the organ of Corti with a more intense initial damage of the supporting cells, continuing with the late effect of the sensorial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Does the serological testing really play a role in the diagnosis immune-mediated inner ear disease?

In order to analyse the clinical presentation and laboratory tests used for the diagnosis of immune-mediated sensorineural hearing loss (IMSNHL) a prospective study was conducted involving 125 patients affected by diverse clinical forms of the disease. The following methods were used: analysis of clinical evolution, pure-tone audiometry, determination of the immunophenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, complement factors C3 and C4, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) and heat shock protein 70 and the response to therapy. Levels CD4 (p = 0.03) and CD4CD45RA (p = 0.002) T cells were significantly reduced in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. ANA were found in 34.4% of patients and the incidence of antibodies to HSP-70 was similar in both patients and control subjects. Diagnosis of IMSNHL is still based on clinical impressions as laboratory testing is not sufficiently diagnostic. However, the long-term evolution of IMSNHL presented by the patients included in this study may explain the negative results obtained in the tests. The existence of a typical profile patient, including the clinical course, immunological changes (presence of ANA and detection of abnormalities in T-cell subpopulations) and the response to steroid therapy can facilitate diagnosis. Further investigation to help identify a specific marker characteristic of IMSNHL is required.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Atrophy of the tympanic membrane in contact with hydroxyapatite prosthesis: physiopathologic approach].

The implantation of ossicular replacement prothesis made of dense hydroxyapatite (HA) appears to be a wider method of reconstruction of ossicular chain damaged by suppurative processes or surgery. A review of 19 patients who underwent implantation of HA prosthesis disclosed 4 cases of extrusion and 3 cases of atrophy. When X-ray diffraction analysis of explanted commercially available prosthesis made of dense HA was compared with the results with porous implants and with HS powder employed in the manufacture of both, is suggested that tympanic membrane atrophy could be caused by mechanical and/or chemical factors.

Atrophy↗
PubMed2000

Sensorineural hearing loss and Mondini dysplasia caused by a deletion at locus DFN3.

OBJECTIVE: To study a family with inner ear malformations and sensorineural hearing loss. DESIGN: Clinical, radiological, and genetic study of the members of a family with different degrees of sensorineural hearing loss. RESULTS: The males in the family manifested profound congenital hearing loss with severe inner ear malformations, while the only affected female had progressive hearing loss that had begun during puberty. Computed tomography showed inner ear malformations in both males, with enlarged internal auditory meatus and Mondini dysplasia. Genetic analysis disclosed a microdeletion at the locus DFN3 on chromosome X. CONCLUSION: A familial Mondini dysplasia is associated to a microdeletion at the deafness locus DFN3.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Immune response and immunopathology of the inner ear: an update.

Immune-mediated inner-ear disease includes clinical conditions associated with unilateral or bilateral rapidly progressive forms of sensorineural hearing loss. A systemic autoimmune disorder can be present in less than one-third of cases. Because of the lack of well defined detection methods to identify immune-mediated processes within the inner ear, and the fact that the human inner ear is not amenable to diagnostic biopsy, there has been great interest in developing animal models. Experimental models of sterile and virus-induced labyrinthitis support the participation of the immune system in the aetiopathogenesis of inner-ear disorders: interleukin-2 emanates from the endolymphatic sac and assists in changing the spiral modiolar vein, as in the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, which allows the egrees of immune cells from the circulation. The formation of a fibro-osseous matrix ultimately results in degeneration of the inner ear. These investigations have allowed us to alter the immune response for the purpose of regulating its intensity and the subsequent damage to patients.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Perilymphatic gushers: myths and reality].

The term perilymphatic gusher refers to the escape of inner ear fluid under pressure through the oval window, generally during surgery for otosclerosis. It also appears during cochlear implantation. We reviewed the morphological aspects of the temporal bone of patients with perilymphatic gusher. The cases of three patients with the features of cerebrospinal fluid leaks under pressure cited in the literature are described. Anatomic and pathologic features are discussed in the light of knowledge of molecular genetics.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma) of head and neck. Typical and atypical patterns].

Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign growth frequently encountered in major salivary glands, although minor salivary glands sometimes can be affected. In the latter non-specific clinical signs allows only the postoperative diagnosis. Nevertheless the existence of lesser salivary glands outside the oral cavity, and therefore pleomorphic adenomas, justify the specialist's need of its knowledge because of the difficulties arising in differential diagnosis. The AA. present a review of 22 cases in various sites treated in their Department in a 9 year-term.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2000

[Early cellular immune response in experimental labyrinthitis: immunohistochemical study].

Labyrinthitis ossificans is a recently recognized entity with the extending cochlear implant surgery. Up to date there are not so many studies of the cellular response leading the organization of the inflammatory reaction within the cochlea. Immunemediated labyrinthitis is a valid experimental model that allow the knowledge of the cellular infiltration mechanisms within the cochlea. The inner ear communicates with systemic immunity via the circulation by the passage of cells through the spiral modiolar vein (SMV) and its collecting venules in the scala tympani. Inflammatory reaction within the cochlea lead to the formation of fibrotic tissue and bone (osteoneogenesis) inside it and injuring the neurosensory organs of hearing and balance. To test which cells are proliferating early in an inflammatory response, an animal model of Keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) induced labyrinthitis was utilized, showing a granulomatous lesions not previously reported in this experimental model.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Fibro-osseous lesions of the external auditory canal.

OBJECTIVES: To differentiate a novel type of benign circumscribed bone lesion of the external auditory canal from those described previously, such as exostoses and osteomas. STUDY DESIGN: Information was obtained from computed tomography (CT) images, surgical findings, and pathologic study. METHODS: Five patients (26 to 82 years old) who presented a hard, round, unilateral, skin-covered mass occluding the external auditory canal to varying degrees were studied. A CT study carried out before resection of the lesions by curettage disclosed the absence of a bony connection to the underlying structures. All the tissue specimens underwent pathologic study. RESULTS: CT and surgical findings demonstrated the absence of a connective pedicle. The pathologic findings showed lesions consisting of an osteoma-like bone formation with sparse osteoblastic areas; mature lamellar bone was observed in three cases, bone marrow containing adipose tissue and hematopoietic remnants in two, and a dense, collagenous stroma in another. They all showed irregular trabeculae, bordered by osteoid osteoblasts. In no case was there evidence of a relationship to the cartilaginous tissue or to the bony structures of the external auditory canal. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained from the clinical, CT, surgical, and pathologic findings suggest the existence of a lesion unlike those previously known, possibly related to ossifying reactions in other parts of the organism.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cogan's syndrome: an oculo-audiovestibular disease.

Typical Cogan's syndrome is a rare disease of young adults consisting of flares of interstitial keratitis and sudden onset of Ménière-like attacks (nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, vertigo and hearing loss). Life-threatening aortic insufficiency develops in 10% of reported cases. Atypical Cogan's syndrome (audiovestibular dysfunction with other types of inflammatory eye disease) is associated with vasculitis in 20% of cases and has a less favourable prognosis than typical Cogan's syndrome.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1997

[Protocol for the endoscopic sinus surgery: comparative analysis of 200 cases].

A preliminary analysis was published in 1993 of 100 cases of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) carried out in our service following a protocol that included sinusitis, nasal polyps, and other endoscopic nasal procedures. Another 100 cases of ESS were analyzed for the present study and compared with the 1993 group. Comparative analysis showed improved results in the second series, with fewer minor complications and no major complications. These findings confirm the general opinion that endoscopic sinus surgery requires an adequate training period before optimal results are obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Treatment protocol for sudden deafness].

There are two types of rapidly progressive sensorineural hearing loss: sudden hearing loss, which is generally unilateral and develops in less than 72 hours, and rapidly progressive sensorineural hearing loss, which develops over days or months. The origin of sudden deafness is difficult to establish. Several etiopathogenic factors have been postulated, such as viral infection, autoimmune origin, vascular and metabolic disease, rupture of the labyrinthine membrane, and, recently, immune-mediated inner ear disease. We made a retrospective study of 40 patients seen in our department. Patients were given a combined treatment with steroids, nimodipine, heparin, and oxygen. Patients were divided into two groups by intravenous or oral treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Immune-mediated inner ear disease: report of clinical cases].

Many clinical and experimental studies have obtained evidence of immune-mediated inner ear disease. Discrepancies between theories of the mechanisms of injury to the inner ear and the laboratory tests that identify it mean that the diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and a positive response to treatment. We report four cases of immune-mediated inner ear disease characterized by endolymphatic hydrops, fluctuating hearing loss, sudden deafness (first symptom of primary Sjögren's syndrome), and rapidly progressive sensorineural hearing loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Imaging analysis by computer tomography in chronic middle ear otitis diagnosis].

The resource to an image analyzer of coronal plates resulting from computer tomography (CT) of temporal bones suffering chronic otorrhea (tympanosclerosis and cholesteatoma) and its comparison with other plates of normal subjects, allowed the AA. to settle different clear cut densitometric profiles. Hereby a first attempt of objective assessment of radiological images of these pathologies could be contemplated.

Chronic Disease↗