Biomedical subjects
J R Miles
Publications and source records attributed to J R Miles.
Degradation of endosulfan and its metabolites by a mixed culture of soil microorganisms.
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Persistence of eight organophosporus insecticides in sterile and non-sterile mineral and organic soils.
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Carbofuran residues in organic soils in Southwestern Ontario, 1977.
Organic soils from 22 farms with a history of carbofuran use for soil insect control were sampled in November, 1977. Analysis for carbofuran was by electron capture gas chromatography of the heptaflurobutyric derivative. Nineteen of the 22 soils contained detectable (sensitivity 0.02 ppm) carbofuran residues. However only 8 of the soils contained greater than 0.5 ppm total carbofuran. The highest total carbofuran residue was 1.5 ppm, of which 0.31 ppm was 3-ketocarbofuran. In other soil samples 3-ketocarbofuran comprised 7-50% of the total carbofuran residue. No 3-hydroxycarbofuran was detected. The order of persistence of granular application of 3 insecticides as seed-furrow treatments was ethion greater than fonofos greater than carbofuran.
Insecticide residues in water, sediment, and fish of the drainage system of the Holland Marsh, Ontario, Canada.
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Insecticide residues in soils on fifteen farms in southwestern Ontario, 1964-1974.
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Interactions between insecticides and soil microbes.
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Insecticide and nutrient transport in water, related to agricultural land use of a stream basin in Ontario, Canada.
Transport by stream water of insecticides and nutrients in Big Creek, Norfolk County, Ontario, Canada, was examined by combining concentrations of substrates with flow data. Big Creek has its headwaters in dairy cattle country, its central basin area is mainly devoted to tobacco growing, and its lower reaches contain mixed farming, corn and vegetables, etc., before it flows into Lake Erie. Three sampling sites were chosen to represent these 3 different land uses. Generally concentrations of substrates in the water were quite uniform at the 3 sites resulting in transport of quantities in proportion to stream flow. Certain anomalies occurred and are discussed. The 2 chief insecticides found were DDT and dieldrin. Analyses for potassium, calcium and magnesium indicated that these nutrient losses into the stream were area-rather than usage-dependent. Midseason variations in loss of nitrogen and phosphorus may be the result of agricultural practices in the three areas represented in this study. The largest quantities of all nutrients lost occurred early in the season before crops were established.
Insecticide residues on stream sediments in Ontario, Canada.
Insecticide residues on suspended and bottom sediments of streams of Ontario, Canada, have been studied in a tobacco-growing and a vegetable muck area. The proportion of TDE to DDT was less than 1 in water and greater than 1 in bottom sediments. The ratio of TDE to DDT in bottom material increased linearly from the contamination point at stream source to the mouth of Big Creek in Norfolk County, Ontario. Bed load samples contained three to six times greater concentrations of insecticides than bottom material. Adsorption of insecticides on suspended sediment decreased in order DDT greater than TDE greater than dieldrin greater than diazinon, which is consistent with the water solubility of these compounds.
Reduction of prehospital, ambulance and community coronary death rates by the community-wide emergency cardiac care system.
Initiation of quick prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care completed the total system needed to provide emergency and convalescent coronary care for a community. Subsequently, annual community rates for coronary death during ambulance transport fell by 62 per cent and for prehospital coronary death by 26 per cent in people under 70 years of age. In cardiac arrest due to acute myocardial infarction, prompt successful prehospital correction of ventricular fibrillation and asystole yielded long-term survival in two thirds of cases. This 66 per cent success rate of prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care is identical to contemporary international experience. Precordial thump-version with the fist and precordial fist pacing appeared logical additions to prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care technics. Community lives saved yearly were 15.2/100,000 people aged 30 to 69 years and 6.4/100,000 total population. Simultaneously, annual community rates for coronary death as a cause of death and coronary death per 1,000 people fell significantly by 15 and 17 per cent, respectively. Unquantifiable influences included prehospital relief of ischemic chest pain; prehospital correction of acute dysautonomia; prehospital abolition of otherwise prefatal dysrhythmias; similar treatment for acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department, in the inhospital mobile coronary care unit and in the progressive intermediate coronary convalescent unit; and general community education through the media of newspapers, radio and television. The present frequency of coronary death during ambulance transport, 9 to 22 per cent of prehospital coronary deaths in this and other surveys, suggests that the prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care component needs improvement in many communities. By reducing prehospital and ambulance coronary death rates, prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care for acute myocardial infarction constitutes an essential component of the total system approach to emergency coronary care. Since prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care have cheaply and effectively expedited and abbreviated hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, and lowered community death rates from coronary artery disease, its adoption throughout the United States and the western world seems justified.