Biomedical subjects

J R Parmar

Publications and source records attributed to J R Parmar.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

Prevalence of respiratory symptoms, bronchial hyperreactivity, and asthma in a megacity. Results of the European community respiratory health survey in Mumbai (Bombay).

To estimate adult asthma prevalence in the world's most rapidly growing mega-city, we applied epidemiologic surveillance tools, as a cooperating center of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, to a randomly selected sample of Mumbai (Bombay) residents in 1992 through 1995. From a metropolitan population of over 10 million, we took a one-in-ten random sample from electoral rolls in a socially diverse residential district, and examined asthma symptoms in adults age 20 to 44 yr. In Phase I, we interviewed 2,313 adults about symptoms, asthma diagnosis, and medications in the previous 12 mo. In Phase II, family and smoking history, socioeconomic data, housing characteristics, serum IgE, allergy skin tests, spirometry, and methacholine challenge tests were obtained in a subset of 20% of those who had completed Phase I. House dust mite was the most common positive skin test (18% prevalence) and the only one of the nine applied that was significantly associated with asthma symptoms and physician-diagnosed asthma. Asthma prevalence was 3.5% by physician diagnosis, and 17% using a very broad definition including those with asymptomatic bronchial hyperreactivity. Asthma prevalence was strongly associated with positive house dust mite skin test, family history of asthma, and total IgE.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Lung function tests in normal Indian children.

The forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, peak expiratory flow, mid-expiratory flow and maximum voluntary ventilation was measured in 632 healthy, normal children from Metropolitan city of Bombay using computerized spirometer. The children were between age range 6 years to 15 years and belong to high or middle and lower socio economic status. The pulmonary function data was separated by sex, and classified on the basis of height and age. The mean and standard deviation for was calculated for every such variable. The lung function variables show a linear positive correlation with height and age. Forced vital capacity and one second forced expiratory volume show a spurt after height 150 cm. Boys show higher values for lung function variables than girls except for mid expiratory flow rates where girls have higher values than boys over height 140 cm and age 9 yrs. Stepwise regression equation was calculated using height, age and weight as independent variables. Height explained the maximum variance in lung function parameters. Use of logarithmic equations for age, weight do not improve the degree of correlation. Hence, for clinical evaluation of child's lung function, height is the most significant independent parameter in comparison to age and weight.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

A waiting list initiative in general surgery--experience in a large district general hospital.

In a waiting list initiative scheme 566 operations were performed on 447 patients in 104 sessions over a period of six months. In addition the names of 78 other patients were deleted from the waiting list. Special attention was paid to pre-operative education and assessment of patients by information sheets and 'question and answer' history sheets respectively. The maximum waiting time for all general surgical patients was reduced from 2.5 years to less than one year and the total waiting list reduced from 2254 to 1529 patients.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of enteral formula infusion rate, osmolality, and chemical composition upon clinical tolerance and carbohydrate absorption in normal subjects.

It is a common clinical practice to initiate enteral hyperalimentation using low flow rates or diluted formula. These adjustments are made in an effort to minimize patient intolerance. Using complex and elemental enteral formulas, we investigated whether various flow rates or osmolalities effected clinical intolerance or carbohydrate malabsorption in 20 healthy volunteers. Our infusion rates ranged between 50 and 150 kcal/hr and the osmolalities ranged between 325 and 690 mOsm/Kg of water. Even at the maximal flow rate and osmolality, our results show that both types of enteral formulas were well tolerated as assessed by the frequency of abdominal pain, bloating, passage of rectal gas and stooling. No carbohydrate malabsorption was detected as measured by breath hydrogen. In well nourished subjects, our findings do not support the common clinical practice of initiating alimentation with low flow rates or diluted formula.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical comparison of elastic supports for venous diseases of the lower limb and thrombosis prevention.

There is little objective evidence available when prescribing aids and appliances such as elastic supports for the leg. Doctors are generally ill-informed about effectiveness, fitting and costs of these garments. The claims of competing suppliers cannot be applied to clinical situations because the garments are tested in vitro on rigid forms. Elastic support for the lower limb is required in the treatment of varicose veins and gravitational disease and has been found effective in prevention of deep venous thrombosis. This study examined the in vivo effectiveness of four commercially purchased garments for these two purposes. The legs of 40 patients with varicose veins, 12 with gravitational disease and 20 patients admitted for elective operations were studied. Pressure exerted by the garment was detected by partly fluid filled bags between garment and limb. The results in patients with varicose veins and gravitational disease were similar. Only two garments exerted effective pressure and of these two the combination of a roller bandage and tapered tubigrip is recommended on grounds of least expense and ease of application. Of the four anti-embolism supports only the roller bandage plus tapered tubigrip produced effective compression: two garments produced reversed flow gradients in the majority of tests. Elastic supports should be double tested, firstly by the manufacturer for basic stretch and regain characteristics and secondly in vivo by clinicians to provide objective evidence of cost effectiveness.

Clothing↗