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Biomedical subjects

J R Pattison

Publications and source records attributed to J R Pattison.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Comparison of methods for detecting specific IgM antibody in infants with congenital rubella.

Serum specimens from 14 infants with congenital rubella were examined for specific IgM antibody by six different methods. IgM-containing fractions were separated either by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation or by gel filtration through Sephadex G-200, and were then tested by the indirect immunofluorescence technique and by the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test (long-and short-incubation methods). Immunofluorescence staining of density-gradient fractions detected specific IgM in all 14 infants. The HI test (long method), applied to density-gradient fractions, was almost as sensitive, detecting antibody in 13 infants; the short method was less sensitive. The gel-filtration technique proved to be generally less satisfactory than sucrose density-gradient centrifugation. Evidence was obtained for the occurrence of as yet unclassified non-specific inhibitors in the serum of some infants. These inhibitors were deposited with the IgM on sucrose-density gradients and they could have been mistaken for rubella-specific IgM antibody, particularly in the HI test (long method).

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

The detection of rubella-specific IgM antibodies by radioimmunoassay.

An indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for the detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) class-specific rubella antibodies. A commercial rubella haemagglutinin is dried and fixed on to the wells of flexible microtitre plates and allowed to react with serial dilutions of whole or fractionated human sera. Class-specific rubella antibodies are then detected by determining the specific binding of 125I-labelled anti-human IgG or IgM. The RIA was first evaluated by comparison with the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test for the detection of rubella-specific IgM in gel-filtration fractions. RIA was found to be as specific as HI but 10-150 times more sensitive. Rubella-specific IgG antibodies did not interfere in specific IgM determinations by RIA and therefore the latter technique was applied to unfractionated sera. The results obtained indicate that RIA on unfractionated sera is a practical, sensitive and specific technique which could provide a reliable method for the diagnosis of rubella. The rubella-specific IgM titres obtained by RIA were not increased by the removal of IgG by pretreatment of sera with Staphylococcal Protein A.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Cell-mediated immunity to Sendai virus infection in mice.

The development of a cell-mediated immune response to Sendai virus infection in mice was examined by the use of a 51Cr release assay of cytotoxicity. A low level of "background cytotoxicity" to Sendai virus-infected L cells was found in the spleens of uninfected CBA mice. Spleen cells from Sendai-infected mice showed an elevated level of cytotoxicity against these target cells for a period of 5 weeks, commencing 4 days after infection of the mice. A more transient response was observed in the spleens of mice infected with a serologically distinct virus, the Kunz strain of influenza. This cross-reacting, cell-mediated immune response was intermediate between that observed in unsensitized and Sendai-sensitized spleen cells. The relevance of these cell-mediated immune responses to respiratory tract virus infections is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Serum IgM antibody and influenza A infection.

Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation followed by haemagglutination inhibition for demonstrating specific influenza IgM was evaluated as a means of confirming recent infection with influenza A viruses. Specific IgM antibodies were found in at least one serum obtained from 83% of patients with proven recent infection with influenza A viruses but in none of the sera from 21 individuals without evidence of infection. Influenza IgM antibodies persisted for up to 112 days after infection. The relative merits of detecting specific IgM and complement fixing antibodies for diagnostic purposes are discussed.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

Virus disease.

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Humans↗
PubMed1976

A comparative study of passive haemagglutination methods for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen in routine hospital practice.

Two passive haemagglutination methods for detecting HBsAg were compared. In general, the method using turkey erythrocytes was found preferable to the method employing sheep cells since it is more rapid and more sensitive, and less frequently gave rise to false positive reactions with sera from staff, blood donors, and patients not receiving haemodialysis. The turkey cell test gives rise to more false positive screen tests than the sheep cell test when monitoring renal dialysis patients since approximately 10% of the sera of these patients were found to contain turkey cell agglutinins, but this presents no particular difficulty if the recommended absorption procedures are used.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Persistence of specific IgM after natural infection with rubella virus.

Levels of specific IgM antibody in thirteen cases of rubella were determined at intervals during the year after the illness. Persistence of IgM varied; in one patient it was no longer detectable at 23 days, but in two it was still detectable more than 10 months after the acute infection. Thus the mere finding of rubella-specific IgMin the blood does not indicate the timing of the acute episode any more accurately than some time within the previous 10-12 months.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1975

The routine serological investigation of cases and contacts of rubella.

The results of testing sera from 111 patients with rubella-like illnesses and 283 contacts of patients with rubella-like illnesses are described. A sensitive haemagglutination-inhibition test was used in conjunction with fractionation of serum proteins when this was indicated. It was concluded that the testing of serum protein fractions for IgM and IgG rubella antibody greatly increased the effectiveness of laboratory diagnosis. Evidence is presented that during the study period subclinical rubella was relatively uncommon in adults and that the accuracy of clinical diagnosis was high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The detection of specific IgM antibodies following infection with rubella virus.

A gel filtration technique using Sephadex G-200 has been used for the detection of specific IgM in sera from (a) 45 cases of clinical rubella in which diagnostic rises of rubella haemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody could be demonstrated; (b) 70 cases with clinical evidence of rubella in which a rising titre could not be demonstrated because the first serum sample already had high titre HAI antibodies; and (c) 100 patients in whom rubella was not suspected. The results indicate that the high specificity and sensitivity of the method described make it an appropriate technique for use in the routine diagnosis of acquired rubella.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1975

Elution patterns of rubella IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies from a dextran and an agarose gel.

The elution pattern of serum proteins and the distribution of rubella HAI activity in 95 sera from 65 cases were determined after gel filtration with (a) Sephadex G-200 and (b) Bio-Gel A-5M. Rubella HAI antibody in peak 1 after Sephadex G-200 fractionation of early convalescent sera consists of both IgM and high molecular weight IgA. However, these two classes of antibody can be distinguished by gel filtration with Bio-Gel A-5M. Bearing these differences in mind, the results of fractionation with the two gels correlate very well although the use of Bio-Gel A-5M gives a slightly less sensitive technique for the diagnosis of recent infection.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1974

Experience in monitoring gentamicin therapy during treatment of serious gram-negative sepsis.

This paper reports our experience in monitoring gentamicin therapy during the treatment of 68 episodes of serious Gram-negative sepsis in 65 hospital patients. Most of the patients had major underlying disease. Of those who were adequately treated (peak serum concentrations of 5 mug/ml or more in 72 hours for septicaemia, urinary tract infection, and wound infection; and 8 mug/ml or more at some time during the course of treatment for pneumonia) 84% (46 out of 55) were cured. These serum concentrations could be achieved only by starting with a regimen of 5 mg/kg/day in three divided doses in all adult patients, subsequent dosage being determined by the results of rapid serum assay. The incidence of nephrotoxicity and symptomatic ototoxicity was no greater than in previous series. The main reason for assaying serum gentamicin is to ensure that an adequate dosage is achieved as soon as possible. In patients with impaired renal function or receiving prolonged high dosage assays also serve to guard against an excessive accumulation of gentamicin and an increased risk of toxicity.

Acute Kidney Injury↗