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Biomedical subjects

J R Sañudo

Publications and source records attributed to J R Sañudo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Morphometry of the recurrent laryngeal nerves of the rat].

In mammals the recurrent laryngeal nerves are dissimilar in length between both sides. This asymmetry involves different time of arrival of the stimulus to the laryngeal musculature controlled by each nerve. Thus, several explanations have been addressed to elucidate the closest of the glottis at the same time despite the unlike length of the nerves. However, previous works on the topic lack of several important data. The present study compares, in two groups of 10 and 6 rats, the length and the composition of myelinated fibers in the recurrent laryngeal nerves of both sides, by means of light microscopy and a computerized morphometric analysis. The results show a mean difference of 0,84 cm longer the left than the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. No statistical differences were observed in the number of myelinated fibers between both sides. However, the myelinated fibers of the right side were statistically bigger in diameter than the fibers of the left side. The data are discussed in the context of the mechanisms for the compensation of the dissimilar length of both recurrent laryngeal nerves.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

A rare case of a four-headed biceps brachii muscle with a double piercing by the musculocutaneous nerve.

A rare case of a four-headed biceps brachii muscle associated with a double piercing of one of the supernumerary heads by the musculocutaneous nerve was observed in the right arm of an 87-year-old female cadaver. One of the supernumerary heads of the biceps brachii originated from the humerus, in the area between the lesser tubercle and the coracobrachialis and brachialis muscles and joined the long head at the level where the latter joined the short head. The second supernumerary head originated from the humerus at the point where the coracobrachialis muscle inserted and joined the biceps brachii tendon and its bicipital aponeurosis at the inferior third of the arm. The musculocutaneous nerve originated from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus and, after piercing the coracobrachialis muscle, coursed along one of the supernumerary heads of the biceps brachii muscle before piercing it from deep to superficial and then again from superficial to deep. It then adopted its normal position between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles before exiting in the lateral aspect of the arm and continuing as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

The acetabular point: a morphological and ontogenetic study.

The acetabular point was analysed by studying human pelvic bones from 326 individuals ranging from newborns to age 97 y. The bones were categorised into 3 groups according to the degree of fusion for the 3 elements of the pelvis: nonfused (59), semifused (5) and fused (262). The acetabular point in immature pelvic bones is clearly represented by the point of the fusion lines for each bony element at the level of the acetabular fossa. In adult pelvic bones the acetabular fossa has an irregular clover-leaf shape, the superior lobe being smaller than the anterior and posterior lobes. Cross-sectional analysis of acetabular morphology suggested that the acetabular point in adult pelvic bones is always represented by the indentation between the superior and the anterior lobes of the acetabular fossa.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2001

Development of the arterial pattern in the upper limb of staged human embryos: normal development and anatomic variations.

A total of 112 human embryos (224 upper limbs) between stages 12 and 23 of development were examined. It was observed that formation of the arterial system in the upper limb takes place as a dual process. An initial capillary plexus appears from the dorsal aorta during stage 12 and develops at the same rate as the limb. At stage 13, the capillary plexus begins a maturation process involving the enlargement and differentiation of selected parts. This remodelling process starts in the aorta and continues in a proximal to distal sequence. By stage 15 the differentiation has reached the subclavian and axillary arteries, by stage 17 it has reached the brachial artery as far as the elbow, by stage 18 it has reached the forearm arteries except for the distal part of the radial, and finally by stage 21 the whole arterial pattern is present in its definitive morphology. This differentiation process parallels the development of the skeletal system chronologically. A number of arterial variations were observed, and classified as follows: superficial brachial (7.7%), accessory brachial (0.6%). brachioradial (14%), superficial brachioulnar (4.7%), superficial brachioulnoradial (0.7%), palmar pattern of the median (18.7%) and superficial brachiomedian (0.7%) arteries. They were observed in embryos belonging to stages 17-23 and were not related to a specific stage of development. Statistical comparison with the rates of variations reported in adults did not show significant differences. It is suggested that the variations arise through the persistence, enlargement and differentiation of parts of the initial network which would normally remain as capillaries or even regress.

Aorta↗
PubMed2001

Variations of the arterial pattern in the upper limb revisited: a morphological and statistical study, with a review of the literature.

A total of 192 embalmed cadavers were examined in order to present a detailed study of arterial variations in the upper limb and a meta-analysis of them. The variable terminology previously used was unified into a homogenous and complete classification, with 12 categories covering all the previously reported variant patterns of the arm and forearm.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Median artery revisited.

This study confirms that the median artery may persist in adult life in 2 different patterns, palmar and antebrachial, based on their vascular territory. The palmar type, which represents the embryonic pattern, is large, long and reaches the palm. The antebrachial type,which represents a partial regression of the embryonic artery is slender, short, and terminates before reaching the wrist. These 2 arterial patterns appear with a different incidence. The palmar pattern was studied in the whole sample (120 cadavers) and had an incidence of 20%, being more frequent in females than in males (1.3:1), occurring unilaterally more often than bilaterally (4:1) and slightly more frequently on the right than on the left (1.1:1). The antebrachial pattern was studied in only 79 cadavers and had an incidence of 76%, being more frequent in females than in males (1.6:1); it was commoner unilaterally than bilaterally (1.5:1) and was again slightly more prevalent on the right than on the left (1.2:1). The origin of the median artery was variable in both patterns. The palmar type most frequently arose from the caudal angle between the ulnar artery and its common interosseous trunk (59%). The antebrachial pattern most frequently originated from the anterior interosseous artery (55%). Other origins, for both patterns, were from the ulnar artery or from the common interosseous trunk. The median artery in the antebrachial pattern terminated in the upper third (74%) or in the distal third of the forearm (26%). However, the palmar pattern ended as the 1st, 2nd or 1st and 2nd common digital arteries (65%) or joined the superficial palmar arch (35%). The median artery passed either anterior (67%) or posterior (25%) to the anterior interosseous nerve. It pierced the median nerve in the upper third of the forearm in 41% of cases with the palmar pattern and in none of the antebrachial cases. In 1 case the artery pierced both the anterior interosseous and median nerves.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

An anatomical study of anastomoses between the laryngeal nerves.

OBJECTIVE: To systematize the anatomy of the connecting branches between laryngeal nerves. METHODS: Microdissection of 90 larynges obtained from necropsies (57 men and 33 women; age range, 41-95 y). RESULTS: Anastomoses between the internal and recurrent nerves appeared in four different patterns: 1) Galen's anastomosis, as the connection between the dorsal branches of both nerves (100%); 2) arytenoid plexus, as the connection between the arytenoid branches of both nerves, in relation with the arytenoid muscle, and divided in a deep part (100%) and a superficial part (86%); 3) cricoid anastomosis, previously only described in cows, located in the front of the cricoid lamina (6/10 cases); and 4) thyroarytenoid anastomosis, as the connection of a descending branch of the internal laryngeal nerve and an ascending branch of the recurrent nerve (14%). Anastomosis between the internal laryngeal and the external laryngeal nerves appeared as a connecting branch throughout the foramen thyroideum (21%). Anastomosis between the external laryngeal and recurrent nerves appeared as a connecting branch throughout the cricothyroid muscle (68%). CONCLUSION: At least two anastomoses (Galen's anastomosis and arytenoid plexus) appeared in 21% of hemilarynges, and 79% of cases had three or more anastomoses between the laryngeal nerves. The different prevalence of this complex anastomotic pattern suggests functional differences in the sensory and motor innervation of individual subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Right coronary artery arising from the left aortic sinus in a heart with left coronary dominance: a post-mortem description--a case report.

The authors report the post-mortem description of the coronary arterial circulation of an 81-year-old man. The heart showed a concordant atrioventricular and ventricle-arterial disposition. The coronary artery distribution presented left dominance. No myocardial scars were observed. The ostium of the right coronary artery (RCA) was located in the left aortic sinus just in front of the opening of the left coronary artery. The ostium was slit-like and its maximum diameter was 5 mm. The RCA began between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk and ended as a small right marginal artery. The absence of heart disease and the man's survival until an advanced age were probably due to the fact that the RCA supplied only a small portion of the right ventricle, given the left coronary dominance.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Intracranial course and relations of the hypoglossal nerve. An anatomic study.

This anatomic study describes the course and intracranial relations of the hypoglossal n. in 32 cadavers. The rootlets of the nerve emerged as a fan-shaped distribution (23.44%) or in two bundles (76.56%) and converged towards the hypoglossal canal in the subarachnoid space before piercing the duramater. In 76.57% of cases the rootlets pierced the dura mater in two separate apertures, less commonly through the same aperture (21.87%), and in rare cases through three individual apertures, as in one of our cases. The distance between the two apertures varied from 0.6 mm to 8.7 mm. Commonly, the two bundles converged together and left the skull through one foramen in the skull. However, in some cases (28.12%), the hypoglossal canal was divided in two by a small bony spicule. In 23.45% of cases the initial course of the posterior inferior cerebellar a. (PICA) passed between the two bundles of the hypoglossal n. before ascending towards the lateral border of the fourth ventricle.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1998

[Differential features of transglottic carcinoma].

A study was made of the differential features of transglottic laryngeal carcinomas. We made a retrospective study of patients with laryngeal carcinoma diagnosed in our center from 1985 to 1996. In this period, 1212 laryngeal carcinomas were diagnosed, of which 99 (8%) were considered transglottic. In relation to factors such as sex, toxic habits, level of histological differentiation or affected nodes, patients with transglottic carcinomas had characteristics that were intermediate between patients with glottic and supraglottic carcinomas. An analysis was made of the treatments and the results obtained in patients treated with radical intention and a minimum follow-up of 3 years. The treatment most frequently used in patients with transglottic carcinoma was surgery (total laryngectomy) and complementary radiotherapy. The 5-year actuarial adjusted survival rate jor patients with transglottic carcinoma was 78%, which was intermediate between the survival rates of patients with glottic (90%) or supraglottic (69%) carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Foramen thyroideum: a comparative study in embryos, fetuses, and adults.

The incidence and characteristics of foramen thyroideum (FT) in embryonic and/or fetal larynges have not been established. In the present study, 90 adult larynges and 53 embryonic-fetal larynges were studied. The incidence of FT during the embryonic-fetal period (57%) was statistically different from the adult period (31%) (P = 0.005). All the FT found in the adult period contained vessels and/or nerves, while in the embryonic and fetal period only 63% presented neurovascular elements (P < 0.001). The origin of FT in the embryonic period and its persistence during adult life is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Pulmonary hypoplasia presented in adulthood as a chronic respiratory failure: report of two cases. Embryology, clinical symptoms and diagnostic procedures.

We report 2 cases of pulmonary hypoplasia diagnosed in adulthood presenting clinically as chronic respiratory failure. Both patients met criteria for chronic bronchitis and had shown repeated respiratory infections and increasing dyspnoea. The spirometry showed a severe non-defined ventilatory disturbance and the arterial blood gases showed the presence of marked hypoxaemia. The altered chest X-ray, arterial blood gases and spirometry had been attributed to chronic bronchitis. The CT scan was instrumental in establishing the diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia.

Age Factors↗