Innervation of lumbar intervertebral discs.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
J R Taylor
Publications and source records attributed to J R Taylor.
Identification of differing etiologies of clinically diagnosed premature menopause.
Investigations were performed in eight young women to determine if the findings of secondary amenorrhea and high follicle-stimulating hormone levels were due to primary ovarian follicular atresia or to other causes. Karyotypes were determined from both peripheral leukocytes and ovarian tissue; one woman had XXX/XX/XO mosaicism. Another woman had normal ovarian histology and probably had the "gonadotropin-resistant ovary syndrome." No autoimmune antibodies were detected, but one woman with myasthenia gravis also had ovarian histology that demonstrated primary ova and a developing follicle. Only five of eight women had primary ovarian follicular atresia, and two of the other three women had conditions theoretically compatible with subsequent pregnancy.
Adolescent↗
Symmetrical lipodystrophy with hypothyroidism.
We present the history and treatment of a woman who had benign symmetrical lipomatosis and hypothyroidism. We suggest full thyroid investigation of future patients. We also suggest shortening the name of the disorder to symmetrical lipodystrophy, since the syndrome seems to be related to fat deposit growth rather than lipoma, and no malignant variant has been reported.
Female↗
A combined alkali extraction--ethidium bromide technique for the measurement of DNA in small pieces of tissue.
Alkaline solutions (0.1--0.5 N NaOH) at elevated temperatures can be used to extract DNA from small pieces of tissue. RNA is destroyed by the treatment. In tissues which have been previously exposed to tritiated thymidine, aliquots from the extracting solution can be used directly for the determination of DNA by ethidium bromide fluorescence and radioactivity in both DNA and the nucleotide pool.
Animals↗
Metabolism of carbohydrate derivatives by Pseudomonas acidovorans.
Wild-type Pseudomonas acidovorans strain A1 was unable to grow on glycerol or glucose as sole source of carbon and energy although it grew well on gluconate. Spontaneous glycerol-positive mutants, which apparently had become permeable to glycerol, were readily isolated, but glucose-positive mutants did not occur. P. acidovorans lacked glucose dehydrogenase and glucokinase, which were sufficient to account for its inability to grow on glucose. Gluconate was degraded exclusively via a noncoordinately induced Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was undetectable. In contrast to P. aeruginosa, P. acidovorans possessed a single glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, which was NAD+ specific and constitutive, and an inducible pyruvate kinase. Moreover, growth of glycerol-positive strain K2 on glycerol did not induce any of the enzymes related to metabolism of hexosephosphate derivatives as occurs in fluorescent pseudomonads.
Gluconates↗
Persistent neurologic sequelae of migraine: a case report.
Multiple cerebral infarctions occurred in a 32-year-old man with both basilar artery and hemiplegic migraine. One event was associated with decrement of propranolol dosage. Platelet aggregation, coagulation studies, and other laboratory studies were normal. Computerized tomography revealed several areas of both old and new infarction. The relationship of the migraine attacks to the brain infarcts remains circumstantial, but migraine was the only identifiable cause of the infarcts in this patient.
Adult↗
Psuedotumor cerebri and insecticide intoxication.
Three patients with headache and increased intracranial pressure had elevated blood, serum, and adipose levels of the organochlorine insecticide chlordecone (Kepone). These patients were among 23 employees who suffered from chronic chlordecone intoxication resulting from industrial exposure. In our three patients, investigations eliminated an intracranial mass or other known causes of psuedotumor cerebri. In all three patients, the capacity for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption was assessed by graded infusions into the subarachnoid space, and was found to be impaired even when papilledema was minimal.
Adult↗
Rhytidectomy: a better way to suture the earlobe.
We propose suturing the earlobe in facelifts into a deepithelialized area of the facial skin flap in order to achieve a less noticeable scar, fewer lobe deformities, and better blood supply to the postauricular flap.
Ear, External↗
Intramuscular or intravenous glucagon for sulphonylurea hypoglycaemia?
Because of the differing opinions on the value of glucagon and the best way of administering it in severe hypoglycaemia induced by sulphonylurea drugs, experiments were conducted on normal subjects, and in diabetic patients before and during treatment with chlorpropamide. In all subjects glucagon raised blood sugar concentrations, and produced a greater and more prolonged increase in blood glucose concentrations when given intramuscularly than when given intravenously. Hypoglycaemia did not occur in any subject.
Adult↗
The effects of hypoglycin on glucose metabolism in the rat. A kinetic study in vivo and [U-14C,2-3H]glucose.
1. The kinetics of glucose metabolism were evaluated in rats deprived of food 15-21 h after the administration of hypoglycaemic doses of hypoglycin (100 mg/kg body wt.) by following changes in the specific radioactivities of 14C and 3H in blood glucose after an intravenous dose of [U-14C,2-3H]glucose [Katz, Rostami & Dunn (1974) Biochem. J. 142, 161-170]. 2. During this time, recycling of glucose through the Cori cycle was virtually abolished, the rate of irreversible disposal of glucose and its total body mass were both decreased by about 70%, whereas there was little effect on the mean transit time for glucose. 3. It was concluded that hypoglycaemia is due to inhibition of gluconeogenesis.
Animals↗
Counting and sizing of epidermal cells in normal human skin.
During keratinocyte maturation, individual cells undergo an orderly succession of biochemical and structural changes. In certain skin disorders alterations in keratinocyte numbers, volumes, and epidermal skin thickness occur. To assess such alterations and to provide base line values for normal human epidermis, a computer assisted histologic technique was developed. Skin biopsies were taken from normal skin on the forearm, back and thigh of 6 adult men. Whole specimens of epidermis were separated from the dermis with collagenase, fixed, stained, and mounted for microscopic examination. From the three dimensional coordinates of epidermal nuclei, epidermal cell volumes, surface density of epidermal cells, and epidermal thickness were determined. Measurement of cell volumes in this way compared favorably with electronic cell sizing of disaggregated epidermal cells in matched samples. The mean densities of nucleated cells per 10(4) mu2 surface area were 452, 483, and 487 for the forearm, back and thigh respectively. This technique will be used to make similar assessments in disorders of abnormal keratinocyte maturation.
Aged↗
Antiprostaglandin agents and x-irradiation induced erythema.
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Administration, Topical↗
Chlordecone intoxication in man. I. Clinical observations.
Industrial overexposure to chlordecone, an organochlorine insecticide, caused tremor in 76 of 148 exposed workers. Chlordecone was absorbed through oral, respiratory, and dermal routes, the last possibly the most significant. Epidemiology of this incident disclosed low-level, widespread environmental exposure of man to chlordecone. In 23 workers with chronic chlordecone intoxication, tremor was associated with opsoclonus, pleuritic pain and arthralgia. No seizures were reported. The site of action of chlordecone on the central nervous system is unknown. It concentrates in human adipose and hepatic tissue but is not biodegradable, either in humans or elsewhere in nature.
Chemical Phenomena↗
Chlordecone intoxication in man. II. Ultrastructure of peripheral nerves and skeletal muscle.
Tremors, mental changes, opsoclonus, muscle weakness, gait ataxia, incoordination, and slurred speech developed in several employees in a Virginia chemical plant during the summer of 1974. Epidemiologic and clinical studies suggested that the chlorinated insecticide chlordecone (Kepone) was responsible. Severity of symptoms seemed directly related to dose and duration of exposure. Five sural nerve and six muscle biopsy specimens were examined by light microscopy and electronmicroscopy. The sural nerves were also evaluated by computerized morphometry, which showed considerable decrease in the number of unmyelinated fibers and lesser abnormalities of myelinated fibers. Compared with the nerves of the control subjects, those of patients may have had an increase in Reich and Elzholz bodies, and a modest increase in endoneurial collagen. There were occasional "collagen pockets," stacks of Schwann cell cytoplasmic membranes, redundant Schwann cell cytoplasmic folds, and fewer unmyelinated axons. The skeletal muscles contained increased amounts of lipofuscin and lipidlike droplets in subsarcolemmal areas and within intermyofibrillary spaces; the significance of this is unknown. Fiber size variability, type I predominance, and type grouping were present in three cases. All results strongly suggest that chlordecone is a neurotoxic agent predominantly affecting Schwann cells and unmyelinated fibers of peripheral nerves.
Adult↗
Is there any lasting effect of foreign medical development?
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Canada↗
Epidermal 'turnover time'--a new examination.
A new model for assaying epidermal cell turnover times is presented. It is based on desquamation rates of the stratum corneum and the consequent obligatory turnover time of the keratinocyte layer. A total epidermal turnover time of 45 days is derived from the model for the human volar forearms.
Cell Count↗
Methotrexate uptake by psoriatic epidermis.
Psoriatic epidermis has been shown to be more sensitive to the effects of methotrexate than normal epidermis. One possible explanation for this observation is more rapid active transport of methotrexate into psoriatic cells. This study compares the uptake of methotrexate by normal and psoriatic epidermis and demonstrates the influence of extracellular pH on this process. Methotrexate uptake was not found to be greater in psoriatic epidermis than normal. A possible explanation for this unexpected finding is discussed.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
Short left circumflex artery.
There was evidence of posterior infarction in 61 of 212 hearts studied. The condition was associated with a relatively short circumflex branch of the left coronary artery (LCX) in 24 hearts and with a longer LCX in 37 hearts. Total occlusion of LCX was found in two (8%) hearts with a shorter circumflex branch and in 27 (73%) hearts with a longer circumflex branch. The right coronary artery (RCA) was occluded in nearly all hearts with posterior infarction. In those hearts with a shorter LCX, occlusion of RCA appeared to be the major factor in the pathogenesis of posterior myocardial infarction.
Coronary Vessels↗