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Biomedical subjects

J R Thornton

Publications and source records attributed to J R Thornton.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Do colonic bacteria contribute to cholesterol gall-stone formation? Effects of lactulose on bile.

Ten healthy middle-aged women volunteered for a study to test the effect of lactulose--a synthetic, non-absorbable disaccharide--on the colonic metabolism of bile acids and on bile lipid composition. Lactulose (60 g daily in eight cases, 39 g daily in two) was taken as a proprietary syrup for six weeks, and bile was collected by duodenal intubation before and immediately after six weeks. All subjects showed a fall in the percentage of the 7-alpha-dehydroxylated bile acid deoxycholic acid (mean 28.4 +/- SEM 3.7 to 15.6 +/- 2.4; p less than 0.002) and a rise in the percentage of the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid (mean 33.2 +/- 42.9 +/- 2.9; p less than 0.001). The percentage of cholic acid rose in eight subjects but mean values did not differ significantly. Bile was initially super-saturated with cholesterol in most subjects and became less saturated with cholesterol in all but one (mean saturation index 1.40 +/- 0.11 to 1.19 +/- 0.07; p less these 0.005). These data support the theory colonic bacteria contribute to cholesterol gall-stone formation.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1980

Effects of fasting on the composition of gallbladder bile.

Gallbladder bile was aspirated from the duodenum in nine healthy women after three separate periods of fasting after a standardised meal. Mean cholesterol saturation index was significantly greater after a 15 hour fast (1.35 +/- 0.08) than after a 10 hour fast (1.05 +/- 0.10). However, after 20 hours of fasting, mean cholesterol saturation index had fallen to 1.13 +/- 0.10. Total biliary lipid concentration was unaffected. These findings suggest that fasting has a series of effects on gallbladder bile and that bile sampling should be carried out at at standardised period of time after the last meal.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pyoderma gangrenosum and ulcerative colitis.

The relationship of pyoderma gangrenosum and ulcerative colitis remains uncertain. We investigating 14 patients with pyoderma gangrenosum by colonoscopy with multiple biopsies. Six patients had ulcerative colitis and all of these had disease affecting the whole colon. There were no correlations between exacerbations of the colitis and the onset or course of pyoderma gangrenosum. The remaining eight patients with pyoderma gangrenosum had no other disease and they were found to be significantly older than those patients with coexisting colitis (P less than 0.002).

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Diet and Crohn's disease: characteristics of the pre-illness diet.

Thirty newly diagnosed patients with Crohn's disease were interviewed about their habitual, pre-illness diet and compared with 30 healthy controls, matched for age, sex, social class, and marital status. The patients ate substantially more refined sugar, slightly less dietary fibre, and considerably less raw fruit and vegetables than the controls. A diet high in refined sugar and low in raw fruit and vegetables precedes and may favour the development of Crohn's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of Crohn's disease with an unrefined-carbohydrate, fibre-rich diet.

Thirty-two patients with Crohn's disease were treated with a fibre-rich, unrefined-carbohydrate diet in addition to conventional management and followed for a mean of four years and four months. Their clinical course was compared retrospectively with that of 32 matched patients who had received no dietary instruction. Hospital admissions were significantly fewer and shorter in the diet-treated patients, who spent a total of 111 days in hospital compared with 533 days in the non-diet-treated control group. Whereas five of the controls required intestinal operation, only one diet-treated patient needed surgery. This is in strong contrast to general experience with this disease. Treatment with a fibre-rich, unrefined-carbohydrate diet appears to have a favourable effect on the course of Crohn's disease and does not lead to intestinal obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Tissue and plasma activity of lactic dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in the horse.

Lactic dehydrogenase, although widely distributed in most tissues, was more highly concentrated in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, kidney and liver. Isoenzyme patterns showed a selective concentration of LDH5 in skeletal muscle while in the heart LDH 1 and 2 were predominant. In contrast, creatine kinase was only present in substantial concentration in skeletal and cardiac muscle. The serum concentrationof both enzymes showed a wide range of activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Colonscopy for investigation of unexplained rectal bleeding.

215 colonsocopic examinations were performed on patients with rectal bleeding whose cause had not been determined by barium enema. The probable or definite source of the bleeding was diagnosed in 41% of cases. 13% had a carcinoma, 14% had one or more colonic polyps, 7% had previously unrecognised inflammatory bowel disease. The remainder had various other colonic conditions. The source of bleeding was twice as likely to be found by colonoscopy in patients presenting with frank rectal blood-loss as in those with occult blood. A carcinoma was found twice as often in those patients with diverticular disease as in those without this condition. A lesion was discovered in the majority of patients who had had two or more negative barium enemas. These results emphasise the importance of rectal bleeding as a symptom of colonic abnormality and the value of colonscopy in its investigation in patients where the results of radiology are negative.

Colitis↗
PubMed1977

Radiosulphate: its metabolism and use in measurement of extracellular fluid volume in calves.

Radiosulphate injected intravenously into calves under 14 days of age equilibrated, by 30 min, with a mean fluid volume of 311 ml/kg body weight. During the equilibration period 3-7 per cent of the injected dose was excreted in the urine. The volume of distribution of radiosulphate increased for at least 4-5 h after equilibration suggesting that it penetrated beyond the readily miscible water of the extracellular fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The effect of storage and handling on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in horse serum.

The activity of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in normal horse serum was studied under four conditions of storage. For storage periods up to three weeks freezing (-20 degrees C) was most satisfactory whereas for 24 to 48 h room temperature proved optimal. The most unsuitable temperature for lengthy storage was 4 degrees C. Storage of clotted blood for up to 48 h may result in haemolysis and unexpected rise in activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Specific gravity and osmolality as measures of urine concentration in the calf.

Specific gravity and osmolality were determined for daily urine output from 8 male calves that developed diarrhoea. Both factors increased significantly during diarrhoea. From the correlation (r = 0.724) between them and the range of predicted osmolality values for any particular SG the use of osmolality was confirmed as a precise measure of urine concentration in the calf.

Animals↗