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Biomedical subjects

J R Vicary

Publications and source records attributed to J R Vicary.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A comparison of young women's psychosocial status based on age of their first childbirth.

This 12-year longitudinal study examined the psychological status; social relationships; and home, work, and parenting stress and satisfaction in their young adulthood for a sample of rural women who were teen mothers compared to their cohort who had their first child in their twenties. Differences in depression, loneliness, and self-esteem were explained by prior psychological status as teens. Home stress/satisfaction factors and parenting satisfaction and efficacy were also similar after controlling for number of children. Service providers need to understand psychosocial outcomes of first childbirth in order to more effectively meet the physical and mental health needs of all young mothers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Qualitative changes in relationships between substance use and adjustment during adolescence.

The present study examined qualitative differences in relationships between substance use and adjustment at five points of measurement from late childhood to young adulthood. The sample consisted of 133 participants from the New York Longitudinal Study. Cluster analysis was used to partition the sample into groups on the basis of multiple substance use (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other substances) at each point of measurement. Cluster membership was most strongly related to adjustment differences in late childhood and young adulthood. Results from a series of ANOVAs indicated that individuals consistently using the highest amounts of multiple substances exhibited the lowest levels of psychological adjustment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Antecedents of rural adolescent alcohol use: a risk factor approach.

The present study examines the association between risk factors and alcohol use for a sample of young adolescents in a rural eastern community. Family relations, family structure, marks in school, participation in academic activities, frequency of church attendance, and deviant behavior were found to be significantly associated with alcohol use two years later. No gender or age differences were found in these predictors of alcohol use. These six risk variables were combined to form a risk index. A 3 x 2 x 2 (User group by Gender by Grade) ANOVA was used to examine the association between the risk index score at Year 1 and level of alcohol use at Year 3. Only the main effect for User group was significant. Thus, the number of risk factors at Year 1 was predictive of alcohol use at Year 3. The risk index also predicted frequency of alcohol use in a replication sample. Implications for the risk factor approach, prevention, and intervention are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Longitudinal substance use and adult adjustment.

Relationships among long-term use patterns of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other substances from late childhood to young adulthood and adjustment in young adulthood were examined. The sample consisted of 133 participants from the New York Longitudinal Study. Cluster analysis revealed four groups of individuals for each of the substance categories, as well as for use of multiple substances, over the five points of measurement. Cluster membership was related to adjustment differences in young adulthood. Results from a series of ANOVAs indicated that individuals consistently using the highest amounts of alcohol and other drugs exhibited the highest levels of psychiatric symptoms. Follow-up analyses indicated that negative emotional-behavioral states in middle childhood precede problematic patterns of substance use. Implications for intervention in childhood are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

The Job Context Index: a guide for improving the 'fit' between nurses and their work environment.

Stress and burnout have reached crisis levels among hospital nurses. The authors of this paper address this problem with the development of a scale to improve the 'fit' between a nurse and his/her work environment, thereby potentially increasing satisfaction, and reducing stress and burnout. Approximately 1000 hospital nurses, randomly selected from a large eastern state, described their work in each of 10 clinical areas; their reports enabled the construction of the Job Context Index, which rank orders the 10 settings on three dimensions, including general work pressure/uncertainty, routinization of tasks, and co-worker interdependence. Nurses, as well as educators and administrators, may find their index a useful tool for matching nurses' temperaments and workstyles with the characteristics of the clinical areas in which they might be working.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1989

Anabolic steroid use: indications of habituation among adolescents.

The use of anabolic steroids (AS) by adolescent males is argued to be more widespread than currently acknowledged. Although the long-term physiological and psychological ramifications of use are not well established, current research and anecdotal information suggest that there is reason for concern. In addition, very little is known about the attitudes and behaviors of these adolescent AS users. While the debate concerning the physiological versus the psychological dependence liability of various drugs continues to evolve, there seems to be a consensus that drug dependence is not a per se phenomenon and that the characteristics of dependence differ in accordance with the drug being used. The following article attempts to identify characteristics of the adolescent male AS user and suggests that AS use does have a dependence potential. The AS user population was found to be significantly different from nonusers in several areas such as self-perceptions of health and strength, interest in controlling AS use, and perceptions of peer AS use. The AS user group was also found to contain several subgroups (heavy users [greater than or equal to 5 cycles] versus other users, and those who initiated use prior to age sixteen who reported significantly different attitudes and/or behaviors. These differences suggest that prevention efforts will have to focus on different motivations for AS use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Parental attributes and adolescent drug use.

While many studies have examined the relationship of family and parent factors to adolescent drug use, few have had the opportunity to examine these longitudinally. Most measures of various family patterns, including discipline, conflict and rejection, have been concurrent with the adolescents' drug use and usually are reported by the youths themselves. The study reported here is unique in its thirty year data base on 133 subjects and their families. Data collection in the New York Longitudinal Study included extensive interviews with the parents during the subjects' very early childhood which detailed their parenting attitudes and practices. Five of these clusters as reported in other concurrent studies were used to test whether the parental factor scores could discriminate between those adolescent subjects who were users of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana and those who were not users. Results of the Discriminant Function analyses showed that parental conflict in childrearing practices, inconsistent discipline, restrictive discipline and maternal rejection were associated with marijuana and alcohol use in older adolescents. The need for early parent education and skill building in order to prevent later developmental difficulties is indicated.

Adolescent↗