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Biomedical subjects

J R Vogel

Publications and source records attributed to J R Vogel.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

The clinical research triad: how can we ensure quality in out-sourced clinical trials?

The importance of quality within clinical trials cannot be underestimated. Built on the foundation of patient care where quality may simply be understood and expected, the business of conducting clinical trials must evolve to instill quality and ensure that quality is maintained. How that is accomplished within the drug development process is complicated by the relationship between the vendors--the sponsor, the contractor and the investigative site. This article will discuss the dynamics of the drug development triad from the perspective of the authors. Who are the players and what is quality from each of their perspectives? Communication among all parties is essential in order to ensure that quality is maintained. Unfortunately, even with optimal communication, if expectations and goals are not clearly defined, the results may be unsatisfactory. Vision and values of each player contributes to the success of the relationship and the quality of the service.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1993

The business of being an expert witness and legal consultant.

Nurses serve as expert witnesses and provide legal and other consultation for which they receive compensation. Although numerous articles describe the process of serving as an expert witness and providing consultation, the business aspects of such consultation is seldom addressed. Most nurses have little experience in managing the business and financial aspects of such consultation. To be a successful consultant, clinical expertise and business acumen are necessary. Suggestions are given for creating a system of record keeping, keeping track of expenses, billing for services, reporting expenses and income for tax purposes, and marketing services.

Consultants↗
PubMed1993

Evidence for anticonvulsant and neuroprotectant action of felbamate mediated by strychnine-insensitive glycine receptors.

Felbamate (2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate) is a novel agent effective against maximal electroshock, pentylenetetrazol and other chemically induced seizures in mice and rats. Felbamate has been proposed as a novel anticonvulsant for the treatment of generalized tonic-clonic and complex partial seizures. In addition, felbamate has been shown to have neuroprotectant effects (in vitro and in vivo) in neonate models of cerebral ischemia. However, few existing studies have contributed to the elucidation of the mechanism of anticonvulsant and neuroprotectant action of felbamate. Because glycinergic mechanisms have been demonstrated to be involved with seizure disorders and neuroprotection, we investigated the binding interaction of felbamate with strychnine-insensitive glycine receptors and compared these findings with brain and plasma levels of felbamate after drug treatment. Inhibition of [3H]5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid (a high-affinity glycine receptor antagonist) binding by felbamate (IC50 = 374 microM) corresponded well with peak felbamate concentrations found in brain (683 and 759 microM) and plasma (679 and 807 microM) 8 hr after 300 (i.p.) or 500 mg/kg (p.o.) doses, respectively. Chemically diverse anticonvulsants tested and MK 801 [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo-[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate] did not modulate [3H]5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid binding. Additional studies have shown that felbamate does not interact with other sites associated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex. Thus, the data presented in this report strongly indicate a mechanism of action for felbamate through strychnine-insensitive glycine receptor interaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Enhanced labeling of mitotic retinal cells with an intraocular [3H]thymidine injection.

Tritiated thymidine ([3H]Tdr) was injected either intraocularly (i.o.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.). Autoradiography showed that more retinal cells were labeled by i.o. than by i.p. injection. Controls showed that the increased number of labeled retinal cells was not related to glioblast proliferation produced by trauma from the i.o. injection. After injection of identical doses, the peak concentration of [3H]Tdr available for incorporation into DNA was about 100 times greater after an i.o. than after an i.p. injection. The effective duration of the labeling pulse in goldfish was 9 times longer for an i.o. than an i.p. injection. This study shows that i.o. delivery of [3H]Tdr is preferable to i.p. injection for efficient delivery of label to proliferating retinal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Reduction of learned taste aversions by pre-exposure to drugs.

Taste aversions are induced by a variety of psychotropic drugs. In the present experiments taste aversions induced by the barbiturate hypnotic drug, amobarbital, were dramatically reduced by prior exposure to the drug. Increasing numbers of pre-exposures were associated with larger reductions in taste aversions. Reductions in sleeping time (a widely accepted measure of tolerance to barbiturate drugs) were not correlated with reductions in taste aversions. Taste aversions induced by amobarbital were also impaired following pre-exposure to the pharmacologically dissimilar drug d-amphetamine. These results suggest that reduced taste aversions following pre-exposure to drugs may reflect habituation to drug-related stimuli and not solely the development of tolerance to those drugs.

Amobarbital↗
PubMed1972

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase in brain: effect on anxiety.

Drugs that reduce anxiety may be mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the brain because (i) potent anxiety-reducing drugs are also potent inhibitors of brain phosphodiesterase activity; (ii) dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate has the ability to reduce anxiety; (iii) the methylxanthines show significant anxiety-reducing effects; (iv) theophylline and chlordiazepoxide produce additive anxiety-reducing activity; and (v) there is a significant correlation between the anxiety-reducing property of drugs and their ability to inhibit phosphodiesterase activity in the brain.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Learned taste aversions induced by high doses of monosodium L-glutamate.

Learned taste aversions, as measured by increased time to complete 100 licks of a sweetened condensed milk solution, were demonstrated by laboratory rats 4 days after consumption of the milk solution paired with high oral doses of monosodium 1-glutamate (MSG). The hesitancy of the rats to consume milk on the test session cannot be simply attributed to direct action of the drug on motivation (e.g., hunger) or to drug debilitation. MSG has been reported to occasionally cause aversive effects in humans (Chinese restaurant syndrome), and the present experiments demonstrate that the effects of MSG are aversive to laboratory rats as well.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Learned taste aversions induced by hypnotic drugs.

Taste aversions reflect the association of drug-produced noxious interoceptive stimuli with distinctive tastes. In the present experiments, taste aversions to sweetened condensed milk were induced in rats by a wide range of doses of the hypnotic drugs, hexobarbital, amobarbital, chloral hydrate, flurazepam and methaqualone and by anesthetization with ethyl ether. Observation of changes in motor behavior following drug administration could not be used to predict the development of taste aversions. Despite the fact that hypnotic drugs have punishing properties, which these paradox is discussed in terms of procedural differences between taste aversion and self-administration experiments.

Animals↗