PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Rørvik

Publications and source records attributed to J Rørvik.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

The occurrence of asymptomatic and symptomatic simple hepatic cysts. A prospective, hospital-based study.

AIM: To examine the prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic liver cysts in a university hospital patient population using modern US equipment. METHODS: Abdominal US scans of 1541 cases referred during the period 21 January to 11 November 2000 were examined for hepatic cysts. RESULTS: Of 1541 cases, 174 (11.3%) were found to have hepatic cysts, i.e. 109 female (12.5%) and 65 (9.7%) male patients (9.7%). In 413 individuals younger than 40 years, no cysts were found. Above the age of 40 years, prevalence increased with age. CONCLUSION: By using modern US equipment, we found a higher prevalence of hepatic cysts than that reported in previous studies. Patient selection and the prevalence of liver cysts in the population from which the patients were referred may have influenced our results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Biochemical and cytologic analysis of cystic contents in benign non-parasitic symptomatic hepatic cysts before and after ethanol sclerotherapy.

PURPOSE: To examine the fluid of liver cysts by cytologic and biochemical analysis before and after ethanol sclerotherapy in order to explore the etiology of cystic fluid reproduction after sclerotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The contents of 11 cysts in 11 patients were examined on the day of sclerotherapy, and 2-8 (mean 4.5) days later, and analysed for cytologic and biochemical parameters. RESULTS: Cytologic signs of acute or subacute inflammatory reaction were absent before and present in all cysts after sclerotherapy. Biochemical parameters reflecting the acute inflammatory reaction (CRP, orosomucoid and haptoglobine), changes in capillary permeability (protein, albumin), and the cystic epithelial function (bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase) were significantly elevated after sclerotherapy. CONCLUSION: The post-sclerotherapy fluid production is probably due to an inflammatory reaction. This may explain the success of performing sclerotherapy in one single session.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate.

Magnetic resonance imaging has been shown to be more accurate than other imaging modalities in the evaluation of both malignancies and various benign lesions of the prostate. Despite its superiority, because of its cost and low availability, magnetic resonance imaging should play a role as a problem-solver secondary to computed tomography or ultrasonography. The routine use of magnetic resonance imaging in the staging of prostate cancer before surgery cannot be justified on the basis of published data. Magnetic resonance imaging has been proved to be of value in the planning and delivery of different types of radiotherapy to patients with prostate cancer. Through the use of combined magnetic resonance imaging and the new modality, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the accuracy and specificity of tumour detection and the delineation of tumour extent can be improved. Magnetic resonance technology is rapidly evolving, and in the near future, new possibilities such as biological imaging will have a great impact on magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[Magnetic resonance tomography with endorectal coil for examination of prostate and seminal vesicles].

MRI with an endorectal coil gives images of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles of higher quality than any other imaging modality. The use of an endorectal coil enables us to sample stronger radiofrequency signals from the prostate gland and seminal vesicles compared to a whole-body coil. This improves the contrast resolution in MR images and may give a higher spatial resolution by use of thin slices and a smaller slice gap. Intravenous MRI contrast is not used in our standard procedure. At Haukeland University Hospital, Norway, MRI with an endorectal coil is presently used as a tool for solving special problems in relation to detection and staging of prostate cancer, for example in patients with an abnormal s-PSA and negative sextant biopsies from the prostate gland. Furthermore, MRI with an endorectal coil may be used for the diagnosis of some benign diseases. The specific role of MRI with an endorectal coil in clinical use is not clarified; further research is needed. This article gives a short overview of technical aspects, imaging protocols, image reading, indications and diagnostic criteria for some diseases.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1999

MRI with an endorectal coil for staging of clinically localised prostate cancer prior to radical prostatectomy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of MR imaging with an endorectal coil (erMRI) to predict the local pathological stage of prostatic carcinoma prior to radical prostatectomy. Thirty-one consecutive patients (median age 61 years, range 40-71 years) with clinically localised prostate cancer were assessed preoperatively by endorectal MRI (at 1.0 T). The pulse sequences consisted of fast spin-echo axial and coronal T2-weighted images and inversion recovery with two echoes for axial fat-suppressed images. The assessment of tumour stage and measurement of tumour dimension by erMRI were compared with the corresponding findings on whole-mount step sections of the surgical specimens. Postoperatively, 14 of the 31 patients (45 %) were found to have extracapsular extension, 7 with capsular penetration (CP) only, and 7 had a combination of CP and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI). Capsular penetration was detected by erMRI with a sensitivity of 0.71 and specificity of 0.47, whereas the sensitivity for SVI detection was 0.71 and the specificity 0.83. Endorectal MRI for staging clinically localised prostatic carcinoma gives a good prediction of invasion of the seminal vesicles but is unreliable in predicting capsular penetration.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Use of pelvic surface coil MR imaging for assessment of clinically localized prostate cancer with histopathological correlation.

We evaluated the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) operating at 1.0 Tesla with a Helmholz pelvic surface coil to predict the pathological stage of prostate carcinoma. Radiological diagnosis was based on fast spin-echo axial T2-weighted images with and without frequency selective fat-suppression and fast spin-echo coronal T2-weighted images. Thirty-one consecutive patients (mean age 61 years, range 49 to 71 years) underwent pelvic MRI before radical prostatectomy. Correlation with whole-mount step-sections of the surgical specimens showed that the tumours were correctly localized in all but one prostate gland in which the tumour could not be seen on pelvic MRI. The transverse diameter of the visible tumour at pelvic MRI appeared to represent an approximate estimate of the true tumour dimension. Based on histopathologic whole-mount step-sections of the surgical specimens, 22 of 31 patients (71%) had tumours extending beyond the confines of the prostatic capsule. The specificity for MRI to predict capsular penetration and seminal vesicle invasion was relatively high (0.80 and 0.86, respectively). The sensitivity was acceptable for capsular penetration (0.62) but poor for seminal vesicle invasion (0.30).

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Lymphangiography combined with biopsy and computer tomography to detect lymph node metastases in localized prostate cancer.

To evaluate the efficacy of lymphangiography combined with fine needle aspiration biopsy and computer tomography (CT) for lymph node staging in clinically localized prostate cancer. Prospective evaluation of nodal involvement was carried out using standard bipedal lymphangiography combined with fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in 70 patients (aged 47 to 75 years, mean age 63 years) with apparently locally confined prostate cancer before intended radical prostatectomy. Sixty-four patients also underwent computer tomography. Seventeen withdrew the decision to undergo a radical prostatectomy, leaving 53 patients with pathologic examination of the lymph nodes eligible for analysis. Lymph node metastases were diagnosed in 8 patients (8/53 = 15.1%). Three were diagnosed preoperatively by FNAB, 3 peroperatively by lymph node dissection and frozen section biopsy and an additional 2 at the final pathologic assessment. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for lymphangiography and lymphangiography combined with FNAB in predicting nodal disease, based on the analysis of the 53 patients with known pathologic results, were 0.63, 0.76, 0.31, 0.92 and 0.38, 1.00, 1.00, 0.90, respectively. The corresponding values for CT staging were 0.25, 0.98, 0.67 and 0.87, respectively. The efficacy of bipedal lymphangiography alone or combined with FNAB or CT alone for assessment of nodal metastases is too low to be worthwhile for lymph node staging in localized prostate cancer patients with expected low or intermediate probability of nodal disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Tumour size measured by transrectal ultrasonography in the staging of prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in predicting the local extent of prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From April 1990 to April 1993, 59 consecutive patients (mean age 63 years, range 49-71) with clinically localized prostate cancer were examined using TRUS before radical prostatectomy. Primary tumours were clinically categorized according to the TNM classification and biopsies graded histologically. Tumour size was measured as length on a longitudinal and height and width on a transverse ultrasonogram. The results from TRUS were compared with those from the histopathological examination of whole-mount step sections of the surgical specimens. RESULTS: In 50 patients, TRUS using standard criteria achieved sensitivity, specificity, positive- and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of 0.47, 0.63, 0.73 and 0.36, respectively, in predicting pathological stage. Dimensions were obtained from 45 patients with hypoechoic tumours; in a multivariate linear discriminant analysis the TRUS estimate of width was the best predictor of pathological stage. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for tumour width from TRUS, using a threshold of 19 mm, were 0.42, 0.93, 0.93 and 0.43, respectively. CONCLUSION: Tumour width measured by TRUS may improve the assessment of the local extent of prostate cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Transrectal ultrasonography to assess local extent of prostatic cancer before radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) with a 7 mHz rotating probe as a staging procedure in 33 patients with localized prostatic carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The ultrasound scans were compared to histopathological whole-mount step sections of the surgical specimens. Twenty-five of the patients had tumours with pathological stage T3 (pT3) and eight had tumours with stage pT2 giving a prevalence of extracapsular growth of 0.76. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for detection of extracapsular tumour growth by TRUS of prostatic cancer were found to be 0.68, 0.63, 0.85 and 0.38, respectively. Six tumours showed solely microscopic foci of extracapsular tumour growth. CONCLUSION: This technique gives a high percentage of both understaging (32%) and overstaging (37%) and therefore TRUS is an unreliable tool in the staging protocol prior to radical prostatectomy.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Inability of refined CT to assess local extent of prostatic cancer.

A refined procedure for CT was evaluated as a staging procedure in 19 patients with localized prostatic carcinoma. The CT images were compared to histopathologic whole-mount step sections of the surgical specimens. Fourteen of the patients had pathologic stage T3 (pT3) and 5 had stage pT2 giving a prevalence of extracapsular growth of 0.74. The CT images were read by 2 radiologists independently with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.37 for both observers. This is no better than in previous studies using a routine CT procedure. We conclude that CT is of little value in the staging protocol for the local extent of prostatic carcinoma before radical prostatectomy.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Transrectal ultrasonography in the staging of localized prostatic carcinoma. A pilot study.

Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) was evaluated as a staging procedure in ten patients with localized prostatic carcinoma. The ultrasound images were correlated to histopathological whole-mount step sections of the surgical specimens after radical prostatectomy. Nine of the patients had pathological stage T3 (pT3) and only one was pT2. TRUS gave a diagnostic accuracy of 60% compared to 10% both for digital rectal examination (DRE) and computer tomography (CT) in detecting extracapsular tumor spread. We conclude so far that TRUS is superior to DRE and CT in detecting extracapsular tumor spread. Further we state that whole-mount step section of the surgical specimens is mandatory in order to achieve a correct pathological staging (pT-stage).

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1989

Prostatic abscess: imaging with transrectal ultrasound. Case report.

A 50-year-old man presented with acute urinary retention and urosepsis. Transrectal ultrasonography (TUS) of the prostate demonstrated an abscess. Transperineal US-guided aspiration of pus, urinary bladder catheterization together with systemically administered antibiotics led to an uneventful recovery. TUS was a rapid diagnostic aid for differentiation between prostatitis and prostatic abscess; the appearance of an hypoechoic process within the prostate suggests an abscess.

Abscess↗