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Biomedical subjects

J Rabe-Jabłońska

Publications and source records attributed to J Rabe-Jabłońska.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Mental state of marijuana-smoking adolescents].

The study comprised 13 subjects (3 girls and 10 boys) aged 17 to 20 years from various groups of youngsters in whom in the course of marihuana smoking the psychical disturbances such as depressive-anxiety syndrome, characteristic syndromes or schizophrenia-like syndrome, characteristic syndromes or schizophrenia-like syndromes occurred. Basing on evaluation of the psychical and somatic state prior and after marihuana smoking in the all subjects studied the presence of the organic central nervous system lesion sign has been stated. Moreover, in a majority of subjects studied atypical clinical symptoms of intoxication were observed: prolonged stunning (1 case), bad trip of the strong fear reaction type (2 cases), and psychoses characterized by varying clinical symptomatology (6 cases). The schizophrenia-like syndromes in the group studied have been treated with Leponex and no relapses have been noted during 3 years. The so-called schizophrenic defect has not been noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[CYP2D6 gene polymorphism in psychiatric patients resistant to standard pharmacotherapy].

The debrisoquine polymorphism is a genetic variation in oxidative drug metabolism mediated by CYP2D6 gene, characterized by two phenotypes, the extensive metabolizer (EM) and poor metabolizer (PM). PM phenotype is inherited as autosomal recessive trait and occurs in 5-10% of Caucasian population. It is associated with the inefficient metabolism of over 30 drugs, including many psychotropic drugs. Clinical studies shown that PM are at higher risk than EM of adverse reactions to these drugs. We genotyped 22 psychiatric patients in whom standard pharmacotherapy had failed or drug adverse events occurred and in 14 patients in whom standard therapy was successful. CYP2D6 polymorphic alleles were identified using allele specific nested PCR reaction. The PM genotype was found in 4 of 22 (18%) patients resistant to standard pharmacotherapy and in none of 14 patients with improvement after standard therapy. Unsuccessful standard psychotropic drugs therapy in psychiatric patients may be associated with PM phenotype.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of obstetric complications in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia].

The article is a review of research data on the occurrence of pregnancy and delivery complications in schizophrenic patients and their possible contribution to developing schizophrenia in adolescence or adulthood. Many studies revealed that subjects who have a positive obstetric complications history are at higher risk of developing schizophrenia. Obstetric complications, especially those resulting in asphyxia, are often mentioned as possible environmental factors that can disturb the brain developmental processes, which can be responsible for developing schizophrenia in the future. Obstetric complications can act as an environmental pathogenic factor in some cases of schizophrenia (for example not genetically conditioned ones). They can also constitute an additional factor that, acting together with other (for example genetic factors, results in schizophrenia phenotype). There are still inconsistent data and many methodological problems concerning obstetric complications studies. The problem requires further investigation with improved and unified methodological procedures applied.

Asphyxia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in patients with major depression in acute period and remission.

The aim of the study was to determine the level of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in blood samples taken from 102 patients with recurrent major depression (according to DSM-IV). The analysis was performed during the acute period of major depression in 3 subgroups: with and without suicidal ideation (S+, S-), and after suicidal attempts (AS), and during remission of depressive symptoms. Putative correlations between the level of total cholesterol and severity of depressive symptoms and between total serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and suicidal risk were evaluated. The patients did not suffer from any additional disorders, factors such as specific diet or pharmacotherapy, which could influence the levels of lipids, were absent. The subgroups were identified using clinical evaluation, medical records and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale--HAMD-S as well as a subscale of MMPI-DMS. Biochemical analyses were performed twice in all patients, in the acute period, before pharmacotherapy and after effective pharmacotherapy, in remission. The following parameters were evaluated: total serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, T3, T4, TSH, ALT, AST, proteinogram. In all depressed patients with acute depression symptoms, low levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were shown. The level of total cholesterol 160 mg/dl or less and the level of LDL-cholesterol 100 mg/dl or less were observed in persons with suicidal behavior only (S+ and AS). Low total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in persons in the acute period of major depression provided a useful parameter of suicide risk. A significant statistical correlation between the low level of total cholesterol and suicidal ideation was also found (r = 0.82, p < 0.05) as well as between the low level of serum total cholesterol and severity of depression, as evaluated by HAMD-S (r = 0.27, p < 0.05). During the remission of depressive symptoms, total cholesterol level and LDL-cholesterol increased significantly (p < 0.05) but a significant difference (p < 0.05) between subgroups (S-, S+, AS) were still observed. Low total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in remission in persons with the diagnosis of recurrent major depression may help to estimate the risk of suicidal behavior in the next depressive disorder. Possibly, low level of serum total cholesterol is a stable feature in some persons with recurrent major depression, probably dependent on their predisposition to autoaggression and presence of depressive disorder.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Obsessive-compulsive disorders in adolescents with diagnosed schizophrenia].

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of OCD among 200 outpatients and inpatients (102 girls and 88 boys), 15-19 years old (mean age = 17.1 +/- 0.29) with schizophrenia (DSM-III-R, DSM-IV) and to determinate the time of onset of OCD: at least 6 months before schizophrenic symptoms, together with schizophrenic symptoms, while treatment with neuroleptics (name of drug, doses, duration of pharmacotherapy). Patients were examined with SCID-P for DSM-III-R and DSM-IV, version for patient, Y-BOCS and a specially prepared questionnaire for determining the age of onset, duration of OCD and a clinical picture of OCD. OCD was diagnosed in 13% adolescent patients with schizophrenia. Primary OCD--before schizophrenic symptoms was noted in 2.0% of patients, OCD together with schizophrenic symptoms in 4.5% of subjects, and while pharmacotherapy with various atypical neuroleptics: clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine in 6.0% of young patients. The most of assessed patients received clozapine (35 subjects), 24 subjects were treated with risperidone and 17 patients with olanzapine. It was determined that 14.3% of subjects used clozapine, 12.5% of subjects treated with risperidone and 5.9% treated with olanzapine presented OCD, where symptoms had appeared while in pharmacotherapy with these atypical neuroleptics. The differences were not statistically significant. OCD was not observed in these patients who had earlier treatment with classical neuroleptics (for example: haloperidol, perazine). It is possible that part of OCD in schizophrenic patients is induced by medication with new atypical neuroleptics, their influence on serotoninergic system, other, maybe the partial symptomatology of schizophrenia in a special subgroup of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diurnal profile of melatonin secretion in the acute phase of major depression and in remission.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the 24-hour melatonin secretion profile between patients with major depression (MD) before and after clomipramine treatment, and a control group, and also whether or not there exist statistically significant differences in the melatonin levels depending on the severity of depression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 20 patients with MD and 14 healthy volunteers took part in the study. Before and after clomipramine treatment all the patients had an 8 ml blood sample collected 7 times, at fixed hours, for measurement of the melatonin level. The severity of depression was assessed (HAMDS, BDI, POMS) before and after treatment. RESULTS: The mean melatonin concentration at each of the chosen hours was higher in persons with MD than in the control, but the differences reached statistical significance only at certain night hours. In both groups the nocturnal rise in melatonin secretion began at 12 midnight, reaching its peak at 2 am, to reach low values by 8 am, similar to the values from the previous morning. After 8 weeks of clomipramine treatment, the melatonin concentrations at 12 midnight, 2 am, and 4 am were lowered, and were elevated at 8 am, 2 pm, and 8 pm. The difference was statistically significant only at 8 pm. Melatonin secretion during both night time hours and daytime hours is higher in individuals with MD than in healthy subjects, and remains elevated after 8 weeks of effective clomipramine treatment. Those patients whose state changed the least after 8 weeks of clomipramine treatment differed in a statistically significant way in terms of melatonin secretion level at 2 pm from those patients who improved the most. CONCLUSIONS: Some patients with MD have elevated melatonin concentration levels during daytime and nighttime hours, and this melatonin secretion pattern is independent of the severity of depression.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Organic depressive disorders in children and adolescents].

This study presents frequency of organic depressive disorders in children and adolescents, their clinical manifestations and clinical course. The effects of coexisting organic brain lesion on clinical presentation and course of inorganic depressive disorders evaluated as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Depressive disorders in children and adolescents].

The author presents the results of a 5-7-year research in 99 children and 74 adolescents suffering from depressive disorders. It was found that the etiology of depressive disorders, even at the same group of syndrome-associated diagnosis (DSM-III) was various. In this group very often psychogenic disorders, were present, and endogenous affective disorders were rare. An existence of atypical pictures of some depressive disorders (cyclic anxiety disorders and/or cyclic aggressive disorders was shown in the examined patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anxiety disorders in the fourth edition of the classification of mental disorders prepared by the American Psychiatric Association: diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DMS-IV -- options book].

In 1991 the American Psychiatric Association proposed a draft version of the IV edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--the DSM IV Options Book. Authors of this version wanted to increase clarity of the criteria sets and to provide compatibility with the Tenth Edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The purpose of this Options Book is to propose some changes in wording, diagnostic divisions and to discuss various options concerning the placement of sections and disorders within the classification. The "Disorders of Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence" section was renamed "Disorders Usually First Evident in Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence" and moved to the front of the classification and also was expended to 11 groups of disorders. Several suggestions have been made about including new diagnostic groupings such as: Rett's Disorder, Eating Disorders and Voice Disorder. The Options Book introduces a superior category for Attention Deficit Disorders (with and without hyperactivity) and for Conduct Disorder/Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Several options are proposed regarding The Anxiety Disorders of Childhood or Adolescence. Since there is no evidence for distinction in this category according to the age criterion, one option would be to move these disorders into the adult anxiety section (similarly to the Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia). In the new version the title "Specific Developmental Disorders" is omitted. The suggestion is to include Phonological Disorder (Articulation Disorders) and Elective Mutism in the Speech and Language Disorders section.

Anxiety Disorders↗