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Biomedical subjects

J Raekallio

Publications and source records attributed to J Raekallio.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Fibronectin in early phases of wound healing in children.

Fibronectin, an adhesive glycoprotein, was demonstrated with the Cellstic device in healing wounds of 13 children after routine surgery. An indirect immunofluorescent method was adapted to cytological and histological specimens made from the Cellstic sponges 1 to 92 hours after operation. As early as one hour after Cellstic implantation some bright fluorescent spots could be seen in the cytological specimens, although cell morphology still fully resembled to that of peripheral blood. The intensity of the fibronectin fluorescence increased rapidly until the maximum was reached 24-48 hours after surgery. Thereafter the fluorescence gradually decreased to the level of the first hours. Rapid appearance of fibronectin, its abundance on the second day and gradual diminution upon the activation of type I collagen synthesis indicate its role as a biological guide for localization of cellular activity in wound repair.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Estimation of time in forensic biology and pathology. An introductory review.

Timing is an extremely important factor in the practice of forensic biology and pathology. This review offers an opportunity for evaluating the time at which an injury could have taken place and thus its chronologic age. Both the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the injury are discussed. The use of histochemical techniques using the study of enzymes as a basis of the technique is discussed. Histamine and serotonin techniques are also discussed and their applications in practical cases including a traffic accident are presented. The field is discussed and references given in large numbers.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1979

On the enzymatic response to injury and its mediators.

The enzymatic response to injury appears as an increase in enzymatic activity in the periphery of burns and other injuries. The following processes constitute the enzymatic response: 1) release, 2) activation and 3) synthesis of enzymes. Processes 2) and 3) are dependent upon the fibroblast, which is an activated fibrocyte. Among the fibrocyte activators, and thus among the mediators of the enzymatic response, are histamine, serotonin, kinins, prostaglandins etc. The effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the enzymatic response to burn injury were studied. Indomethacin, mefenamic acid or aspirin, suspended in carboxymethylcellulose, were given to rats by stomach tube. Controls received carboxymethylcellulose only. Circular burns were inflicted on anaesthetized animals which were killed 30 min, 2 h or 4 h after burning. The burns were studied histologically and enzyme histochemically by using the methods for prostaglandin synthetase, esterases, and adenosine triphosphatase. Aspirin had no effect on the enzymatic response. Mefenamic acid and indomethacin caused a less severe enzymatic response in the 4-h groups as compared to control rats.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1978

Collagen types in early phases of wound healing in children.

Small silicone rubber tubes containing a standard size viscose cellulose sponge (Cellstic) were implanted in wounds of ten children at the end of surgery. The Cellstics were drawn out of the wound 24--120 hours after implantation and the cellulose sponges were sectioned and studied for collagen types. Immunologically detectable Type III collagen and procollagen was detected in the sponges 24--48 hours after implantation whereas Type I collagen was not found at that time. From hour 72 onwards a substantial increase in Type I collagen was noted, while the relatively low levels of Type I procollagen remained unchanged. The levels of Type III collagen and procollagen increased only slightly. Primary cultures from 9-day-old granulation tissue synthesized preferentially Type I collagen, on the basis of chromatographic analysis. We conclude that Type III collagen is produced at the earliest phases of wound healing by primitive mesenchymal cells followed by the production of Type I collagen after the appearance of mature wound fibroblasts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Local hyperalimentation of open wounds.

After débridement of necrotized and devitalized tissue in deep burns and large traumatic soft tissue defects, the raw surfaces were covered with separate sheets of viscose cellulose sponge (VCS), each moistened by continuous slow infusion of one of the following solutions: (a) 0-9 per cent NaCl; (b) 10 per cent glucose; (c) Rheomacrodex (dextrane hydrolysate in 0-9 per cent NaCl); (d) 7 per cent Levamin (a mixture of essential amino acids and glycin in 5 per cent sorbitol; (e) a combination of two solutions containing amino acids (Le-7402 A) and glucose, electrolytes and vitamins (Le-7402 B). The cellulose sponges were removed or changed 3-7 days later. Macroscopically, histologically and enzyme histochemically, the most active granulation tissue formation was found under the VCS moistened with amino acid solutions, especially when accompanied by glucose and vitamin supplementation. The results strongly suggest that local cellular hyperalimentation of open raw wound surfaces is possible, permitting a new kind of nutritional support in these patients.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1976

Wound healing in children as assessed by the CELLSTIC method.

Assessment of the quality and speed of wound healing in man has been rather difficult until the present time. By the use of CEELSTIC, a tissue-sensitive test drain composed of a standardized piece of viscose cellulose sponge inside a thin Silastic tube, cells existing between wound edges can be analyzed by histologic, cytologic, and enzyme histochemical means. The 166 pediatric surgical patients studied showed that wound healing is an age-dependent process reflected by the increased time needed for cellular transformation and maximal activation of hexokinase and isocitrate dehydrogenase with increasing age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

A comparative study of three sprayed dressings in healing skin wounds.

Three sprayed dressings (Novitas' wound spray, Nobecutan, and Sraycutan) were evaluated as wound covers by using guinea-pigs as experimental animals. There were no statistically significant differences between the closure rates of the wounds covered with the three sprays. All the dressings protected the wounds equally against suppuration, which caused irregular and ugly scars in the non-sprayed control wounds of the same animals. Histologically, the non-treated wounds showed a greater number of leucocytes and oedema than the sprayed ones. This was demonstrable from the 8th to the 16th postoperative hours onwards. There were no histological differences between the variously covered wounds. Histochemically, the most intense enzymatic response to injury was demonstrable in the wounds treated with Novitas' wound spray, followed, in order of decreasing response, by Nobecutan, Spraycutan, and the non-treated wounds. These differences were most marked 4-6 hours after wounding. An intense enzymatic response to injury is considered to be beneficial to the healing process.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1975

Regeneration of subcutaneous connective tissue in children. A histological study with application of the CELLSTIC device.

Cellular patterns of healing subcutaneous connective tissue were studied histologically in 22 pediatric surgical patients using the CELLSTIC device. This wound drain, specially developed for this purpose, consists of a standardized, viscose cellulose sponge inside a thin silicone rubber tube. When left between the wound edges, wound exudate flows through the drain, allowing its cells to attach themselves to the sponge surface. The sponge serves as a framework within which the cells may migrate, divide and transform. During the first 12 h the cellular pattern in the sponge resembles that of peripheral blood, whereafter the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, almost exclusively neutrophils, gradually increases. Later on, monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes invade. Fibroblasts were usually seen at the end of the third day postoperatively, but in some cases the first fibroblasts appeared even earlier. CELLSTIC neither disturbs normal wound healing nor increases the rate of wound infections. CELLSTIC, as a cell culture in situ, provides a practical way to study human connective tissue regeneration under both physiological and pathological conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Foetal connective tissue regeneration. A biochemical study in rabbits.

Foetal connective tissue regeneration was studied by implanting 3 x 10 mm cylindrical viscose cellulose sponges subcutaneously in foetal, newborn, and full-grown rabbits. The implants were removed 2 to 7 days later, the foetal implants all being removed after delivery, and were analysed biochemically. In foetal implants a rapid accumulation of soluble forms of collagen took place, while the relative amount of other tissue proteins remained rather low. Connective tissue regeneration of the newborns ressembled, in this respect, that of the full-growns. The results suggest an enhanced production of miniature type collagen in the context of foetal connective tissue regeneration.

Animals↗