Epidemiological surveillance of rubella must continue.
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Cataract↗
Biomedical subjects
J Rahi
Publications and source records attributed to J Rahi.
Outcome of lens aspiration and intraocular lens implantation in children aged 5 years and under.
AIMS: To determine the visual outcome and complications of lens aspiration with intraocular lens implantation in children aged 5 years and under. METHODS: The hospital notes of all children aged 5 years and under, who had undergone lens aspiration with intraocular lens implantation between January 1994 and September 1998, and for whom follow up data of at least 1 year were available, were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 50 children who underwent surgery, 45 were eligible based on the follow up criteria. 34 children had bilateral cataracts and, of these, 30 had surgery on both eyes. Cataract was unilateral in 11 cases; thus, 75 eyes of 45 children had surgery. Cataracts were congenital in 28 cases, juvenile in 16, and traumatic in one case. The median age at surgery was 39 months (range 11-70 months). Follow up ranged from 12-64 months (median 36 months). Of 34 children with bilateral disease, 25 (73.5%) had a final best corrected visual acuity of 6/12 or better, while seven (20.5%) achieved 6/18 or less; in one child the vision improved from UCUSUM to CSM but another, who had only one eye operated on, was unable to fix or follow with this eye preoperatively or 2 years postoperatively. Of 11 children with unilateral cataract, five (45.5%) had a final best corrected visual of 6/12 or better, and six (54.5%) 6/18 or less. A mild fibrinous uveitis occurred in 20 (28.2%) eyes in the immediate postoperative period, but resolved with topical steroids. One child had a vitreous wick postoperatively requiring surgical division. Glaucoma, endophthalmitis, or retinal detachment have not been observed so far in any patient postoperatively. CONCLUSION: From this series the authors suggest that, in children aged 5 years and under, lens aspiration with intraocular lens implantation is a safe procedure, with a good visual outcome in the short term. Further studies are needed to investigate these outcomes in the long term.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
Public health outputs from the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit and similar clinician-based systems.
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Child↗
Measures of visual function in minimum datasets.
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Child↗
Retinopathy of prematurity in middle-income countries.
BACKGROUND: In the 1940s and 1950s retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was the single commonest cause of blindness in children in many industrialised countries; it now accounts for only 6-18% of blindness registrations. It is not known what proportion of blindness is due to ROP in countries that do not have blindness registers. Information on blindness in children in these countries can be obtained by examining children in schools for the blind. METHODS: Between 1991 and 1996, 4121 children in 23 countries with a visual acuity in the better eye of less than 6/60 were examined with a standard method. FINDINGS: The proportion of severe visual impairment or blindness due to ROP ranged from 0% in most African countries to 38.6% in Cuba. INTERPRETATION: These data suggest that ROP is becoming a major cause of potentially preventable blindness among children in middle-income countries that have introduced neonatal intensive-care services for preterm and low-birthweight babies.
Adolescent↗
Epidemiology of cataract in childhood: a global perspective.
Cataract is the most important cause of treatable childhood blindness. There are an estimated 200,000 children blind from cataract worldwide; 20,000 to 40,000 children with developmental bilateral cataract are born each year. Rubella is still an important cause of preventable disease in many countries. In the developing world, there is a need to improve early case detection and referral services and to establish centers with expertise in the assessment, surgical treatment, and long-term management of the child with cataract.
Blindness↗
Hereditary disease as a cause of childhood blindness: regional variation. Results of blind school studies undertaken in countries of Latin America, Asia and Africa.
There is evidence from developed countries that genetic disease is the major cause of childhood blindness. Little data are available from most developing and newly industrialised countries concerning the relative importance of hereditary diseases as a cause of childhood blindness. Children in schools for the blind in 13 countries of Africa, Latin America and Asia were examined between 1990 and 1994 using a standardised method The anatomical site of abnormality and underlying aetiology were analysed for children with a corrected acuity in the better eye of less than 6/60 (severe visual impairment and blindness, svi/BL). In these countries II-39% of svi/BL was attributed to genetic disease. Genetic diseases were responsible for a higher proportion of childhood visual loss in countries with higher levels of socio-economic development. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance was reported in 22-52% of children with genetic disease. Retinal dystrophies were the commonest form of genetic eye disease (49-80%) in all countries apart from Thailand and the Philippines where cataract was the commonest (43.9%). The role of consanguinity, and opportunities for further research are discussed.
Africa↗
Early diagnosis of the retinopathy of incontinentia pigmenti: successful treatment by cryotherapy.
Prospective examination of the ocular fundi was carried out in the newborn female sibling of a girl with incontinentia pigmenti and bilateral retinopathy. At age 3 months the new baby's peripheral retina was found to be avascular in both eyes. At age 2 years progressive vascular proliferation at the watershed area between normal and abnormal retina led to bilateral vitreous haemorrhage. The new vessel tufts promptly regressed when the avascular area in each eye was treated by single-freeze cryotherapy and the blood in the vitreous absorbed. Cicatricial retinopathy was thereby prevented. Prospective retinal examination of newborn female siblings of children with incontinentia pigmenti is advised, with early cryotherapy recommended if progressive neovascularisation is detected.
Child↗