Testicular capillary haemangioma.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
J Regadera
Publications and source records attributed to J Regadera.
Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural variations along the length of the human vas deferens before and after puberty.
Vasa deferentia of 20 human adult males and 8 children were divided into four portions (proximal, middle, distal and terminal) for histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies. The epithelium of the adult vas deferens was formed of columnar and basal cells. Three types of columnar cells were observed: (1) principal cells with PAS-positive cytoplasmic granules (lysosomes); (2) dark or pencil cells with a dark cytoplasm and nucleoplasm and cytoplasmic lipid vacuoles, and (3) mitochondrion-rich cells with numerous mitochondria similar to those of principal cells. All these cell types showed stereocilia and irregular convoluted nuclei, some of them containing granular, PAS-positive intranuclear inclusions. Principal cells were the most frequent cell type in the proximal portion but their number gradually decreased along the length of the vas deferens, while the proportion of both pencil cells and mitochondrion-rich cells increased. The muscular coat comprised three muscular layers: (1) inner longitudinal, (2) middle oblique (circular in the distal and terminal portions), and (3) outer longitudinal. The functional significance of regional variations is discussed. The infant vas deferens showed a columnar cell type only. However, cells either with numerous lysosomes or with numerous mitochondria were occasionally found. No regional variations were observed in the infant vas.
Adult↗
[Lethal osteogenesis imperfecta. Anatomopathologic (optical and structural) study of 8 autopsy cases].
A pathologic review of lethal osteogenesis imperfecta was performed based in nine cases and mainly concerning eight cases with total postmortem study. One of the cases was classified as type III while all other were of type II. Emphasis is made on the high rate of prematurity, small for date and podalic presentation at birth. In those six cases of lower age lung hypoplasia was present. Well known findings in membranous or enchondral bones were confirmed in this series. Long bones showed characteristic bowings related to the nutrient artery point of entry. Among bone collagen fibres some of them were anomalous in shape or thickness but with normal striation. The only anomaly detected at the cartilaginous epiphysis was the increased wideness of the vascular channels because the existence of loose connective tissue and multivacuolated cells of unknown significance. At the growth plates the vascular channels were too much widened and of abnormal distribution. The proliferative and columnar zones showed poor cellular population and some condrocytes were abnormally vacuolated. The perichondrial ossification groove of Ranvier was absent or underdeveloped in all bones studied coexisting with epiphyseal-metaphyseal deformities. In our present cases, ocular, dental, dermal, cardiac valves and hepatic alterations have been detected. The weight increase and haematopoiesis of the liver was correlated to the hyperplasia and fibrosis of the bone marrow.
Bone and Bones↗
Diverticula of human seminiferous tubules in the normal and pathologic testis.
The occurrence of diverticula in human seminiferous tubules was investigated in the adult human testis in normal as well as physiologic (aging) and pathologic (germ cell depletion, obstruction of male excretory ducts, varicocele and systemic arteriosclerosis) conditions. Diverticula, which are evaginations of the seminiferous epithelium surrounded by a thin tunica propria, were present in all groups studied. The number of diverticula per mm2 testis was higher in the testis with obstruction than in those without obstruction at each age considered. The number of diverticula increased with age in both the obstructed and nonobstructed testis. No changes in the number of diverticula per mm2 testis were found in relation to systemic arteriosclerosis or different degrees of germ cell depletion. Varicocele was only associated with increased numbers of diverticula when it was also associated with obstruction. The formation of diverticula in human seminiferous tubules seems to be an obstructive process related to increasing age.
Adult↗
Multinucleate Leydig cells in normal human testes.
The number of mononucleate and multinucleate Leydig cells per unit area of the testis was determined in normal adult men using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method for testosterone detection. The results of this study indicate that the number of multinucleate Leydig cells increases markedly with age, whereas the total Leydig cell population decreases.
Adult↗
Significance of DNA quantification in testicular germ cell tumors.
A cytophotometric quantification of DNA in tumor cells was performed in histological sections of orchidectomy specimens from 36 men with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), 7 of them showing more than one tumor type. Among the variants of seminoma (classic and spermatocytic) the lowest DNA content were in spermatocytic seminoma. With respect to non-seminomatous tumors (yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, and choriocarcinoma), choriocarcinomas showed the highest DNA content, and the lowest value was found in teratomas. No significant differences were found between the average DNA content of seminomas (all types) and non-seminomatous tumors (all types). Both embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac tumor showed similar DNA content when they were the sole tumor and when they were found associated with other tumors. In this study, except for the 4 cases of teratoma and the case of spermatocytic seminoma, all TGCT examined did not show modal values of DNA content in the diploid range. Such an elevated frequency of aneuploidism in these tumors may be helpful for their diagnosis.
Adult↗
Testosterone immunoexpression in human Leydig cells of the tunica albuginea testis and spermatic cord. A quantitative study in normal foetuses, young adults, elderly men and patients with cryptorchidism.
A semi-quantitative study of the extra-parenchymal Leydig cells in the tunica albuginea testis and spermatic cord was performed on histological sections immunostained with anti-testosterone antibodies in the testes and spermatic cords obtained from human foetuses, adults and elderly men without testicular or related diseases (autopsy specimens), as well as from adult men with cryptorchidism (surgical specimens). The albugineal Leydig cells appeared in small groups in the vicinity of blood vessels. The Leydig cells of the spermatic cord usually appeared inside or around nerve trunks. The percentages of testes and spermatic cords with extra-parenchymal Leydig cells were higher in the cryptorchid testis group than in the normal male groups. The number of Leydig cells per mm2 in the tunica albuginea testis was higher in normal adult males than in foetuses. This number decreased in elderly men and increased markedly in cryptorchidism. The number of Leydig cells per mm2 in the spermatic cord was also higher in normal adults than in foetuses and it did not change with either advancing age or cryptorchidism. In foetuses, the percentage of cells intensely immunostained by anti-testosterone antibodies in the tunica albuginea and spermatic cord did not differ significantly from that found in the testicular parenchyma, whereas in the other three groups (adult, elderly, and cryptorchid men) the percentages of these cells in the tunica albuginea and spermatic cord were significantly lower than in the testicular parenchyma.
Adolescent↗
The apical mitochondria-rich cells of the mammalian epididymis.
The morphology and function of the apical mitochondria-rich cells in the mammalian ductus epididymidis epithelium are revised. These cells are similar in all mammalian species studied. Apical mitochondria-rich cells are scarce (1-5 cells/100 principal cells) and are mainly found in the initial epididymal segments. Their morphology varies from slender cells that extend from the basal lamina to the epididymal lumen, to round cells that protrude into the lumen and are not in contact with the basal lamina. Their cytoplasm is more electron-dense than that of principal cells and contains more mitochondria which, in some species, are surrounded by rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. The adluminal cytoplasm displays a few short microvilli and contains many acid phosphatase positive vesicles. Apical mitochondria-rich cells differ from the principal cells in some histochemical features such as: (a) different lectin-staining pattern; (b) more intense reaction to the enzymatic activities: carbonic anhydrase, Ca(2+)-ATPase, peanut-agglutinin-sialidase, NADP dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, alpha-galactosidase and beta-galactosidase; (c) more intense immunoreaction to several cytokeratin types and to estradiol-related receptor protein; (d) weaker immunoreaction to epithelial membrane antigen and to retinol-binding protein. Although the function of the apical mitochondria-rich cells is still unknown, the following possible functions have been suggested: holocrine secretion; cooperation with the principal cells in epididymal reabsorption of testicular fluid; and acidification of epididymal fluid. Experimental results suggest that differentiation and maintenance of apical mitochondria-rich cells are not under androgen control and that these cells are sensitive to estrogen stimulation.
Animals↗
Malakoplakia of the maxillary sinus.
The first case of malakoplakia in the nasal cavities is reported. The patient, a 21-year-old man, presented a polypoid formation in the left maxillary sinus that was removed and studied by light and electron microscopy. The polypoid formation consisted of pseudostratified epithelium surrounding a central myxoid tissue which contained fibroblasts, histiocytes, and small inflammatory infiltrates. The most relevant features were histiocyte accumulations containing 1 to 5-microns diameter granules which displayed a concentric multilayered configuration. Ultrastructural findings revealed three types of lysosomes within the histiocyte cytoplasm: phagolysosomes, intermediate bodies, and Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Septate junctions between lysosomes were frequent. The etiopathogenesis of this lesion is discussed.
Adult↗
Nuclear bodies (sphaeridia) in Sertoli cells of a man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and testicular infection by cytomegalovirus.
Histological and ultrastructural study of an adult man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) revealed multiple testicular lesions. The seminiferous tubules varied from dilated tubules with hypospermatogenesis, to tubules with Sertoli cells and a few spermatogonia, to necrotic tubules. The testicular interstitium showed abundant inflammatory infiltrates, some of them forming microabscesses. The Sertoli cells exhibited spherical intranuclear inclusions corresponding to both cytomegalovirus and sphaeridia. Some sphaeridia stained intensely with EDTA as granular and fibrillar portions of the nucleolus; however, many sphaeridia stained weakly as nucleolar fibrillar centers. These observations suggest that a Sertoli cell response to cytomegalovirus is the proliferation of nucleolar organizing centers that in some instances may transform to give rise to more or less abnormally developed nucleoli.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Epididymal growth and differentiation are altered in human cryptorchidism.
Despite the knowledge and histological classification of testicular lesions, epididymal lesions associated with cryptorchidism are not well defined and only macroscopic alterations have been reported. We have evaluated the alterations in the growth of both the epithelium and muscular wall of efferent ducts and epididymis in human patients with cryptorchidism from infancy to adulthood. In addition, by cytokeratin immunostaining we have also evaluated the stage of differentiation of each segment along the human postnatal life in these patients. A decrease is shown in the size of efferent and epididymal ducts in cryptorchid children compared with normal, age-matched controls. The height of the epithelium, muscular wall, and lumen of the cryptorchid epididymis were reduced at every age studied. This decrease in all regions was seen even in the testicular quiescent period (1 to 4 years of age). In addition, the cryptorchid epididymis grows more slowly during the transition to the pubertal period. The smaller size of the cryptorchid epididymis in pubertal and adult men compared with that of normal men is due primarily to underdevelopment of the muscular wall and a reduction in epithelial height. The pattern of growth of cryptorchid efferent ducts and ductus epididymides parallels that in normal men, except that development of the lumen and muscular layer in the cauda epididymis region are delayed. Epithelial differentiation, monitored by cytokeratin expression, is minimal in efferent ducts and throughout the epididymis of the cryptorchid male, and this is already seen in children. In conclusion, our immunohistochemical and morphometric results show a reduced development of the human cryptorchid epididymis that is already evident in childhood. They indicate that cryptorchidism is a primary congenital illness of the testis and spermatic ducts, with evident lesions from the first years of life, and suggest that surgical descent would probably not be able to completely reverse these alterations.
Adult↗
[Leiomyoma of the scrotum: presentation of 2 cases].
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Aged↗
[Development of the arteries of the leg and foot in human fetuses: angiographic study].
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Angiography↗
[Development of the femoro-popliteal sector in human fetuses].
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Femoral Artery↗
Morphometric and immunocytochemical study of the fetal, infant, and adult human vas deferens.
The human vas deferens (VD) is often considered simply as a conduit to transfer mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. The cells that make up the epithelium of the VD, however, exhibit many characteristics of cells found in more complex epithelia, which are involved in absorption and/or secretion. In the present investigation, morphometry was utilized to characterize in detail the changes incurred by the human VD during its development, growth, and aging and to determine if these changes correlate with testicular maturation. In addition, the specific types of keratins present in the epithelial cells were defined, as well as desmin distribution in the muscular layers, during the various phases of the development, growth, and involution of the human VD. Results of the morphometric study are consistent with the interpretation that the development, growth, and aging of the VD are delayed, but parallel to, the identical phases exhibited by the human testis. Further, a differential expression of distinct keratin types was observed in the VD during the various phases examined in this study. Taken together, these two correlations may suggest that the VD is unlikely to function solely as a conduit for sperm. The rationale for this interpretation is as follows: 1) the complex developmental and maturational changes measured in the present investigation in the human VD are common to other absorptive and/or secretory epithelia; and 2) these changes parallel developmental changes observed in other androgen-dependent epithelia of the male reproductive tract, which also function to contribute components to seminal fluid as well as to provide a conduit for sperm.
Adolescent↗