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Biomedical subjects

J Rieu

Publications and source records attributed to J Rieu.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Practice of a testing bench to study the effects of cyclic stretching on osteoblast-orthopaedic ceramic interactions.

A new experimental method has been used to study the behaviour of human osteoblasts cultured on bioceramics subjected to mechanical strains. The ceramics were alumina, hydroxyapatite (HA) and a duplex system composed of hydroxyapatite-covered alumina. The system applied 400 microdeformations for a 6-h period with a cycle frequency of 0.5 Hz to osteoblasts growing on ceramic-covered disks. The effects of strains on short-term cell viability, cell growth, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and collagen biosynthesis were assessed. When possible, the parameters (lactate dehydrogenase) were studied along the experiment in samples of the culture medium, in the other cases by comparison of stretched and unstretched cultures on the same ceramics with the same cell line. In relationship with the coating, mechanical strains resulted in a decrease in DNA corresponding to cell number, an LDH release during straining, an unchanged (alumina) or decreased (HA and duplex) ALP activity, a decrease (HA and duplex) of collagen and total protein synthesis or an increase of it (alumina). The stress-producing device and its associated protocol are shown to be suitable for investigating the behaviour of cells, cultured on biomaterials subjected to mechanical strain.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1999

Interaction of a plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coating in contact with human osteoblasts and culture medium.

The loss of calcium from plasma-sprayed calcium phosphate ceramics (CPCs) on bioinert metal substrate (Ti-6Al-4V) immersed in cell culture medium with or without human osteoblast culture was measured. The ceramics were a CPC and a duplex system composed of a CPC layer on an alumina coating. The dissolution of calcium compounds was monitored by measuring the calcium leaked from the coatings into the culture medium in 15 days. Calcium was measured by flame photometry. The surfaces of the ceramics exposed to the culture medium and in contact with osteoblasts were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The dissolution process occurred in the first 6 days of contact, but the calcium released into the culture medium was only a small fraction of the calcium content of the coatings. The presence or absence of osteoblasts on the surface of the ceramics did not make significant difference for the calcium release. The XRD spectra of the ceramics before and after immersion and in contact with cells did not show a significant change in the compounds of the coatings.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1996

[Wear characteristics of different metal-polyethylene beating surfaces. An experimental study of a new model of knee prosthesis].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Wear of artificial components joint is the most important factor in long term durability. Only few studies have analysed in laboratory experimentation the quality of different alloys on the same type of prosthesis. MATERIAL: During the development of a new knee prosthesis, we studied the friction mechanisms of the metal/polyethylene (UHMWPE) couple and particularly the value of titanium alloy (Ti-6AI-4V) treatment using an ionic nitrogen implantation process (IMPLATEC). Two friction surfaces were studied in vitro: one in flexion-extension between femoral component and tibial plateau, the other in rotation between tibial plateau and "metal-back". METHODS: The implanted Ti-6AI-4V was compared with 316L stainless steel, cobalt chromium molybdenium alloy and with Ti-6AI-4V using a prosthesis of each configuration. The samples were tested on a TRIBOCUP friction machine during 3 x 10(6) cycles in Ringer 's solution. The friction couples were controlled every 200,000 cycles and the loss of polyethylene mass every 500,000 cycles. We have also evaluated the roughness and the rubbing surface macroscopically. RESULTS: The results analysis shows that friction couples such as Cobalt Chromium and implanted Ti-6AI-4V are weakest but implanted Ti-6AI-4V over time, tends to match the strength of Ti-6AI-4V without treatment. With implanted Ti-6AI-4V and with Cobalt Chromium alloy, the loss of polyethylene is slight comparatively to the stainless steel and non implanted Ti-6AI-4V. Surface analysis showed good protection of titanium alloy by ionic implantation especially in the femoral component where roughness is close (0.04 micron) to that of Cobalt Chromium alloy (0.07 micron). DISCUSSION: Our study confirms the results with pin-on-disk and cup-on-ball with results for the Ti-6AI-4V implanted and Cobalt Chromium alloys with protection of the metal surface and decrease of polyethylene wear comparatively to stainless steel and non implanted Ti-6AI-4V. CONCLUSION: Our conclusion is for this type of experimental device that the surface condition is satisfactory for such friction couples as implanted Ti-6AI-4V/polyethylene and Cobalt-chromium/polyethylene, with very similar results. However, the long-term durability of the nitrogen implanted on Titanium Alloy remains unknown.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1993

Ceramic composites for biomedical applications.

Ceramics have been successfully used for more than twenty years for orthopaedic prostheses, as articulating bearing surfaces against ceramic or polymer components. In both cases, ceramics are characterized by low friction coefficient and low wear rate, compared to metallic materials (stainless steels, titanium and chromium-cobalt alloys). However, their brittleness is much higher than that of metals and presently restricts the use of ceramics for hip joint balls or knee condyles. In the material science field, it is very well known that the association of two different materials can lead to new materials, often called 'composites'. Their properties can be higher than the same properties of each of the individual materials, when taken separately. Nevertheless, the word 'composites' is not universally used with the same meaning. For this reason, we will first give a few definitions in order to clearly understand what can be called 'composite' for ceramic materials. Dispersed phases increase the fracture toughness and high temperature mechanical behaviour of ceramics. In this paper, devoted to medical applications, only mechanical properties at the low (body or room) temperature are analysed. Particular attention is given to the alumina-zirconia system, because aluminium and zirconium oxides are currently accepted as biomaterials for joint prostheses. Finally, a highlight is given on the difficulties in the technological processes to obtain improved ceramic composites.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1993

Ceramic formation on metallic surfaces (ceramization) for medical applications.

Surface transformations can be performed on metals in order to combine their load-bearing properties to the inertness and wear resistance of ceramics. In a joint prosthesis, metals are useful for their high fatigue strength and ductility, but they are more sensitive to superficial corrosion and wear than ceramics. Coating a ceramic on metal surface will improve the qualities of the metallic component. The various ways of transforming a metallic surface into a ceramic one are described. First, the surface treatments to improve the friction and wear properties are analysed. Coatings and surface transformations give superficial inert compounds. Many techniques are used to create hard, corrosion resistant layers on the surface. The processes may involve heating of the treated parts. But some metals cannot be heated without an alteration of their mechanical properties. The adhesion strength--and thus, the lifetime--of the ceramic layers depend on the binding forces and on the structure of the interfaces between the bulk metal and the outermost ceramic. Coatings generally have a lower adhesion strength than in-situ formed phases and the risk of peeling is higher. Second, the plasma-sprayed coatings performed to improve the bone anchorage are described. This review does not deal with bioactive materials. So, only the alumina coatings and their mechanical compatibility advantage are present.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1991

Ion implantation effects on friction and wear of joint prosthesis materials.

The literature contains many results from in vitro friction and wear tests for simulating the behaviour of human joint prostheses. However, they are difficult to correlate, even when they are not contradictory. In friction tests, several friction-mechanisms occur when the Ti-6AI-4V titanium alloy rubs against the UHMWPE polyethylene. Corrosion effects which increase wear happen when the 316L stainless steel is used in Ringer's solution. Ion implantation surface treatments have been performed on these three materials. When the operating conditions were optimized, an important reduction of wear and corrosion was observed. The property improvements are due to structural modifications in a thin layer of the materials.

Alloys↗
PubMed1990

Deterioration mechanisms of joint prosthesis materials. Several solutions by ion implantation surface treatments.

Materials for orthopaedic implants can fail for several combined reasons: corrosion, fatigue and wear for metals, wear and creep for polymers, fracture for ceramics. Some typical cases are analysed and it is demonstrated that ion implantation improves metals and polymers used for joint prosthesis. Implantations of nitrogen, oxygen and argon ions modify the structure of a 2-500 nm thick layer in the materials. The results of friction tests on the couple metal-polymer are correlated with the surface properties.

Ions↗