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Biomedical subjects

J Robb

Publications and source records attributed to J Robb.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Adverse reactions of low osmolality contrast media during cardiac angiography: a prospective randomized multicenter study.

A multicenter study was performed to determine the incidence of adverse reactions to two contrast media with similar low osmolality during cardiac angiography. The study was of a randomized double-blind design comparing ioxaglate (an ionic dimer) and iopamidol (a nonionic compound) and included 500 patients; 250 patients received ioxaglate and 250 iopamidol. There were 58 adverse reactions attributed to the contrast media in the ioxaglate group and 29 in the iopamidol group (p less than 0.001). Chest pain occurred in 11 patients in the ioxaglate group compared with 5 in the iopamidol group (p = 0.123). Nausea or vomiting was present in 20 and 2 patients, respectively (p less than 0.0003). Allergic adverse reactions, such as bronchospasm, urticaria and itching, occurred in 15 of the ioxaglate group and only 1 of the patients receiving iopamidol (p less than 0.0007). Fifty-two patients in the ioxaglate group had a known allergic history (not to contrast medium) or asthma, whereas 77 receiving iopamidol had a similar history. Seven of the 52 ioxaglate-treated patients developed an allergic adverse reaction compared with none of the 77 in the iopamidol group (p = 0.001). Of 41 patients receiving ioxaglate who were premedicated with diphenhydramine, 4 had an allergic adverse event. In the iopamidol group 45 patients received similar premedication and none had an allergic adverse reaction (p less than 0.03). Thus, this multicenter study shows that adverse reactions occur more often with ioxaglate than with iopamidol and that patients with an allergic history have a greater risk with ioxaglate therapy compared with iopamidol.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Nutritional factors associated with vaginal prolapse in ewes.

Serum calcium, magnesium and phosphate values of ewes recently affected by vaginal prolapse were compared with unaffected ewes in four flocks. Subclinical hypocalcaemia was demonstrated in some affected and unaffected ewes in three flocks. Magnesium and phosphate values were normal. In two flocks the body condition of ewes recently affected by vaginal prolapse was variable and reflected the variation in condition found in the flock. In a third flock affected ewes had significantly lower body condition scores than unaffected ewes (P less than 0.001). Analysis of the fourth flock was not possible. Oestrogenic mycotoxins were not detected in any of the feed samples taken from these flocks. The following year the management, nutrition and energy, and the protein and calcium status of ewes in 12 flocks of greyface/mule ewes with a history of a regular high (greater than 3 per cent) or low (less than 1 per cent) prevalence of vaginal prolapse were compared. A high prevalence was not associated with any particular feedstuff. A high or intermediate (1 to 3 per cent) prevalence of vaginal prolapse was found in three of the four flocks managed as a single group and these three flocks were fed on an unrestricted basis. Body condition scoring and beta-hydroxybutyrate estimation confirmed that ewes in these flocks were overfed. The prevalence of vaginal prolapse in the flocks was not related to the serum albumin, calcium or urea of the ewes. Therefore subclinical hypocalcaemia was probably a consequence of vaginal prolapse rather than a cause.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

The use of tissue culture for the detection of mycotoxins.

After incubation with 20 different mycotoxin standards and extracts from fungi and feed stuffs, fluorescent flow cytometry was used to measure viability of NS-1 cells and compared to microscopic assessment of cytotoxicity on stained HEp-11 monolayers. Both methods gave essentially the same results but the cytometric analysis offered a more quantitative approach and was particularly appropriate in the screening of extracts containing fats. The potential uses of a cytotoxic test in the analysis of feed stuffs and fungal extracts for the presence of mycotoxins are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A fodder mycotoxicosis of ruminants caused by contamination of a distillery by-product with Aspergillus clavatus.

Cattle and sheep, grazed successively on the same pasture and given the same supplementary feeding, developed ataxia and several animals became recumbent. Three cattle died within two weeks and the worst affected sheep were killed for laboratory examination. The supplementary diet which consisted largely of a distillery by-product, malt culms, was submitted for mycological examination and fed to two housed lambs. Aspergillus clavatus was cultured from the culms, and both the affected sheep and the housed lambs showed cerebrospinal degenerative changes. The clinical signs and neuropathology were closely similar to a mycotoxicosis, attributed to A clavatus, which is seen infrequently in cattle in France, Bulgaria, South Africa and China.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1989

A synthetic peptide defines a serologic IgA response to a human papillomavirus-encoded nuclear antigen expressed in virus-carrying cervical neoplasia.

The growing awareness of the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical carcinoma has triggered a search for uncomplicated detection methods. To define a serologic response to HPV, we synthesized peptides based on sequences deduced from the genome of HPV type 16, the most common malignancy-associated type of HPV. One of these peptides reacted with IgA antibodies present in sera from 24 of 33 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical carcinoma, whereas this peptide reacted with only 6 of 27 sera from individuals without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Immunoaffinity-purified human antipeptide IgA antibodies detected HPV-specific 58- and 48-kDa proteins in cervical carcinoma cell extracts and also detected a nuclear antigen in HPV-carrying cervical cancer cell lines and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia biopsied tissue. These antigens were also detected with mouse monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the same peptide. The results indicate that screening for infection with malignancy-associated types of HPV may be possible by simple synthetic peptide-based serology.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1989

[Disseminated herpetic encephalitis: report of an autopsy case with immunohistochemical study].

An autopsied case of disseminated herpetic encephalitis in a previously healthy one-year-and-three-month-old child is reported. He had fever, repeated convulsive crises and alterations of consciousness which progressed into a coma, leading to death in eight days. The neuropathological picture was characterized by necrosis and inflammation in multiple foci disseminated in the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem and cerebellum. The Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex technique showed, in neurons of the thalamus, intra-cytoplasmatic immunoreactivity, and, very rarely, intranuclear for the Herpes simplex virus type 1 antigens. This case differs from the other herpetic encephalitis ones described in the literature in two aspects: (1) by the dissemination of the lesions, in contrast with the forms topographically limited to the limbic system and, less commonly, to the brainstem; (2) by the presence of necrosis, inflammation and focal hemorrhage, which are alterations that practically do not exist in cases of disseminated encephalitis typically described in immuno-depressed individuals.

Encephalitis↗
PubMed1987

The anatomical basis for transfixion of the thigh.

Serial cross-sections of the thigh have been used to indicate where osseous transfixion is possible without damaging neuro-vascular structures or major tendons or penetrating a joint. Safe areas for transfixion using fine wires and their corresponding cutaneous zones are indicated. Two cutaneous zones each representing a quarter of the circumference of the thigh form safe zones for transfixion. The first begins on the ventral surface of the hip and ends on the medial aspect of the knee, while the second begins on the posterior aspect of the buttock and ends on the lateral aspect of the knee.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Scintigraphic and X-ray arthrographic diagnosis of femoral prosthesis loosening: concise communication.

In order to determine loosening of femoral components of conventional total hip arthroplasties, a comparison of radionuclide (RA) and radiographic arthrograms (XA) was performed. The hips of 29 patients were studied with radiographic contrast and intraarticular Tc-99m sulfur colloid. The XAs were positive for loosening in 10/29 studies, whereas the RAs were positive in 19/29 studies. In five of ten in which both studies were positive, the RA showed femoral prosthesis loosening more clearly than the XA. By surgical follow-up, there were four false-negative XAs . Our data suggest that the RA is valuable in determining femoral component loosening.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of cytotoxicity and thin-layer chromatography methods for detection of mycotoxins.

Thirty-three standard mycotoxins were assayed by thin-layer chromatography and by cytotoxicity in HEp-2 and Chang cells. Various levels of detection were found. The cytotoxicity test was significantly more sensitive than thin-layer chromatography for the trichothecenes and should be useful for screening extracts from animal feedstuffs for the presence of unknown mycotoxins.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1982

Association of toxin-producing fungi with disease in broilers.

An episode of suboptimal growth, poor feathering and behavioural abnormalities in broilers in Scotland during the winter of 1980-81 is described. This was considered to be associated with mould-contaminated maize and wheat components of the feed, from which fusaria were isolated in persistently high numbers. Four species, Fusarium culmorum, F tricinctum, F nivale and F moniliforme, were identified. Chloroform extracts of the raw materials and of an artificial medium in which three of the Fusarium species were cultured proved toxic to tissue cultures of a human epithelial cell line (HEp II). Specific identification by thin layer chromatography of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and diacetoxyscirpenol was achieved in some extracts. In addition, several other areas of the chromatograms were found to be toxic in the HEp II cell system and these may contain toxins for which standards were not available or, alternatively, previously uncharacterised fungal metabolites. It was concluded that the toxins produced by the fusaria were major contributing factors to the disease symptoms shown by the birds.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1981

Adaptive immunity of the tympanic membrane.

In a previous experiment an antiserum was developed in the rabbit from the lamina propria of the tympanic membrane of the guinea pig. In the present study 18 Hartley guinea pigs were used in an in vivo experiment in which the antiserum (RAGTM IgG) served passively to immunize the animals subjected to various forms of trauma to the right tympanic membrane. Two groups (18 animals) immunized with normal rabbit IgG or normal saline served as controls. The left tympanic membrane remained untouched in all groups and served as an internal control. Various forms of trauma (infection, cauterization, section), various times (one to 21 days), and diverse techniques of staining (immunofluorescence, complement, and immunoperoxidase) were studied. The results indicate that the combination of trauma and sensitization in the first group evokes a particular response in the lamina propria of the tympanic membrane in immunized animals (RAGTM IgG). The form of trauma does not influence the results, but time seems to be an important factor. This work addresses several questions concerning the possible role of the combination of trauma and sensitization in conditions that involve the tympanic membrane and middle ear clinically.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Immune response of guinea pig tympanic membrane.

The authors present the results of their experiment on the immune response of the guinea pig tympanic membrane. The first step was to develop an antiserum in the rabbit from the guinea pig tympanic membrane (RAGPTM). The lamina propria was used and IgG was identified as the main constituent of this antiserum. In their initial experiment, the RAGPTM IgG seemed to be specific to the acellular connective tissues of the respiratory tract and TM. The experiment presented here is concerned with the immune response of the guinea pig tympanic membrane. The animals were sensitized by intracardiac injection with the antiserum, and within one hour the right TM was traumatized in diverse fashions (bacteriological, chemical, mechanical traumas). The left TM served as a negative control. Animals were sacrificed at 24 hours, 7 days and 21 days. Immunofluorescence staining, complement studies (C23) and immunoperoxidase techniques were used on the TM. It appears that the GPTM can be antigenic in the rabbit. The right TMs of the sensitized guinea pigs reacted differently in the sense that there seems to be homing of the RAGPTM IgG to the site of trauma and that the complement participates in the reaction at least in the first week. The lamina propria of the TM is the site of the immune response. This work will need more elaborate studies but allows us to address different questions concerning the possible role of the combination of trauma and sensitization in conditions clinically involving the TM and middle ear.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Handlebar hernia.

A case of direct traumatic inguinal hernia resulting when a young man was thrown forward against the handlebar in a motorcycle accident is described. Three weeks earlier this patient had had an appendectomy through a McBurney incision. Two criteria for such traumatic hernias are: immediate appearance after injury; and medical confirmation.

Accidents, Traffic↗