Histone deposition and metabolism in embryonic chick lenses during differentiation.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
J Roche
Publications and source records attributed to J Roche.
Primary hypothyroidism with pituitary enlargement and a visual field abnormality.
A 23 year old man presented with classical hypothyroidism of 9 years duration. This was associated with pituitary enlargement, documented on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and abnormal half-field visual evoked responses (VERs). Following the initiation of thyroxine therapy the pituitary enlargement and the VER abnormalities resolved. The final diagnosis was of primary hypothyroidism with secondary pituitary hyperplasia.
Adult↗
Concurrence of primary aldosteronism and renal artery stenosis.
1. An unusual clinical case is described in which renal artery stenosis (RAS) was found to coexist with adrenocortical hyperplasia, resulting in hypertension. 2. Partial relief of the hypertension was achieved by correction of RAS, and then further relief by extirpation of one adrenal gland affected by unilateral hyperplasia, in interventions 8 months apart. 3. Biochemical features typical of primary hyperaldosteronism were observed both before and after RAS repair but were not present after unilateral adrenalectomy. 4. The association of these two lesions could have occurred by chance, through genetic linkage, or by progression from RAS to tertiary aldosteronism.
Adrenal Cortex↗
Identification of GATA-1 and NF-E2 binding sites in the flanking regions of the human alpha-globin genes.
Some of the elements involved in the erythroid-specific transcriptional regulation of the human gamma- and beta-globin genes and located inside or in the immediate proximity of these genes have been identified as sequences which bind erythroid-specific factors. In the present study, we found two regions located within 1 kb in 5' to the alpha 2- and in 3' to the alpha 1-globin genes which contribute to the induction of human alpha-globin genes following erythroid differentiation in stable MEL transformants. By DNAse I footprinting and gel mobility shift assays, we identified several GATA-1 and one AP-1/NF-E2-binding sites located inside these regions. These results strengthen the idea that, like for all other globin genes, flanking regions contribute in vivo to the regulation of human alpha-globin gene expression.
Animals↗
[Ultrasonographic findings in peridiverticulitis of the appendix].
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Adult↗
Depo-Medrol and myelographic arachnoiditis.
OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to see if patients who had a radiological diagnosis of arachnoiditis attributed to methylprednisolone acetate (Depo-Medrol, Upjohn Pty Limited) had the clinical syndrome of arachnoiditis. DESIGN: An attempt was made to review all patients, reported by Roche in 1984 with a radiological diagnosis of corticosteroid-induced arachnoiditis, by taking a detailed history and performing a physical examination. SETTING: The Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatic Surgery, The University of Sydney, The Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney. RESULTS: Of the 18 patients reported by Roche 15 were located and participated in this study. The clinical syndrome of arachnoiditis was defined as a constant burning pain in the back and legs, impotence, marked limitation of spinal motion, alteration of sensation and power in the legs, and a need for regular analgesia. Three of the 15 patients had the clinical syndrome of arachnoiditis. The grade of radiological change was unrelated to the severity of symptoms. The details of doses and precise sites of administration were unavailable for the severely affected individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of any other apparent cause for their symptoms implies that Depo-Medrol should not be used in or about the thecal sac.
Adult↗
An epidemiological study of malaria in Bioko and Annobón islands (Equatorial Guinea).
A seroparasitological study of malaria was carried out in two of the more important islands of Equatorial Guinea, Bioko (ex Fernando Poo) and Annobón. The study involved a randomly-chosen population of children aged from two to nine years. In Bioko 1130 children were chosen from 29 of the 51 villages on the island; in Annobón 185 children were chosen from the capital town, where all the population lived. Indirect immunofluorescence tests (IFAT) showed a prevalence of malaria infection of 29.8% in Bioko and 55.7% in Annobón. The parasitic prevalence (malaria index) was 26.6% and 55.1% respectively, and the splenic index was 57.0% and 54.6% respectively. The results indicate that this is an area of stable hyperendemic malaria, which may benefit from an antimalarial programme.
Age Factors↗
Renal oncocytomas--an Australian experience.
A review was made of 24 cases of renal oncocytoma seen between 1978 and 1989. There was considerable overlap between the clinical presentation of renal oncocytomas and renal carcinomas. Although pre-operative radiological, cytological and pathological investigations may suggest the presence of an oncocytoma, these studies cannot make a definitive diagnosis. We recommend that these tumours be treated as potential renal carcinomas until post-operative microscopic evaluation proves otherwise.
Adenoma↗
Endemic human paragonimiasis in Equatorial Guinea. Detection of the existence of endemic human paragonimiasis in Equatorial Guinea as a result of an integrated sanitary programme.
Between February and April 1990 the first five cases of human paragonimiasis, tentatively due to Paragonimus africanus, have been detected in Equatorial Guinea, thanks to the normal activities of the National Schistosomiasis Project and its coordination with the National Tuberculosis Project.
Equatorial Guinea↗
Diabetes prevalence in Alaska, 1984-1986.
The prevalence of diabetes in Alaska from 1984 to 1986 was determined through medical records review. Cases were identified from hospital and physician discharge forms and from financial abstracts. As of December 1986, 3,719 Alaskans met the criteria for physician diagnosis of diabetes. The overall age-adjusted prevalence of diagnosed diabetes mellitus, 1,357/100,000, was lower than the U.S. rate of 2,470/100,000. The overall age-adjusted prevalence rates of specific complications and pregnancy among Alaskans with diabetes were retinopathy--167.5/1,000; blindness--24.3/1,000; amputations--19.4/1,000; end stage renal disease--9.7/1,000; pregnancy--50.7/1,000. Limitations in available data sources such as death certificates, hospital records, and subspecialists' medical records provided serious problems in identifying persons with diabetes, especially those in the 30- to 69-year age group who have not yet developed complications requiring hospitalization or subspecialty care. This population perhaps is most in need of services to prevent future complications of diabetes.
Adolescent↗
[Control of human African trypanosomiasis in Luba in equatorial Guinea:evaluation of three methods].
The object of this study was to (a) reduce the prevalence of sleeping sickness by serological testing, parasitological examination, and treatment of every infected person; (b) determine the maximum acceptable interval between serological surveys; and (c) define the impact of vector control, using monopyramidal non-impregnated traps, on the transmission. For this sero-parasitological survey, the focus in Luba was divided into three zones as follows: Epicentre A (with high prevalence, 27.5%), Epicentre B (with average prevalence, 8.3%), and Peripheral C (with moderate prevalence, 3.0%). Differences in the prevalence rates in the Epicentres and Peripheral zone permitted the use of three different approaches for control and epidemiological follow-up of the disease: (1) Serological examination of the entire population was carried out by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), with six-month intervals in Epicentres A and B and once a year in the Peripheral zone C. (2) DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: all IFAT seropositives were examined in Luba hospital for parasites, and every parasitologically confirmed patient was treated according to the WHO protocol of 1983. Another serological test (CATT) was applied to cases in which trypanosomes were not present and if this was positive, the CSF was examined. Cases with parasites and abnormal CSF were treated with melarsoprol, and those with a normal CSF received pentamidine. CATT-negative and parasite-negative cases were considered to be false-positives by IFAT and free of the disease. (3) Vector control: 74 monopyramidal traps (18 traps per km2) were set up in Epicentre A. The flies captured were collected once a month and sent to the programme's laboratory where they were identified and counted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Costs of magnetic resonance imaging services in public hospitals.
Audited cost data from two public hospital installations participating in a trial of the utilisation and efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging are presented. The data cover the period July 1987 to June 1988 when both installations had attained stable patterns of operation. One hospital operated a superconductive system and the other a resistive magnetic resonance imaging unit. Depreciation and salaries represented the major components of cost.
Australia↗
Osteoporosis and skeletal fractures in chronic liver disease.
In order to determine the prevalence and severity of hepatic osteodystrophy by non-invasive means we compared 115 consecutive ambulant patients with histologically proven chronic liver disease to 113 age and sex matched control subjects. Methods used included the assessment of fracture prevalence rates, spinal radiography, and measurements of bone mineral density in the spine and the forearm. Spinal and peripheral fractures were more prevalent in the patients than in the control subjects (p less than 0.03 and p less than 0.01 respectively). The type of the underlying liver disease did not significantly affect the fracture prevalence rates, but alcoholic patients sustained more peripheral fractures than patients with other hepatic disorders (p less than 0.05). The bone mineral densities of the spines and the forearms were significantly reduced in male patients of all age groups and in female patients aged 60 years or more (p less than 0.001 for men and p less than 0.01 for women for both measurements). The prevalence rates of spinal and forearm osteoporosis were twice as high among patients with liver disease than in control subjects regardless of the definitions used. The presence of cirrhosis and hypogonadism were major risk factors for development of both spinal (Beta coef = 0.190 and 0.176; SE = 0.079 and 0.086 respectively) and forearm osteoporosis (Beta coef = 0.20 and 0.29; SE = 0.073 and 0.80 respectively). Spinal bone density was the predominant determinant of spinal fractures (Beta coef = -0.007; SE = 0.001), while hypogonadism (Beta coef = 0.363; SE = 0.075) and cirrhosis (Beta coef = 0.185; SE = 0.068) were the major predictors of peripheral fractures. The concentrations of serum calcium and serum vitamin D metabolites and the use of corticosteroids were apparently without effect on the prevalence of skeletal fractures or bone density.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Dietary modification with dairy products for preventing vertebral bone loss in premenopausal women: a three-year prospective study.
The effect of dietary calcium on vertebral bone mass in women is controversial. In a randomized study we have investigated the effect of dietary modification in the form of dairy products on vertebral bone mass in 30- to 42-yr-old premenopausal women over a 3-yr period. Twenty women increased their dietary calcium intake by an average of 610 mg/day (P less than 0.03) for 3 yr, while 17 age- and weight-matched women served as controls. Calcium intake was monitored by 3-day diet histories and 24-h urinary calcium excretion. The consumption of the dairy products did not alter serum calcium or PTH levels or the fasting urinary calcium to creatinine ratio. Twenty-four-hour urinary calcium excretion increased by 28% (P less than 0.03) in the supplemented women. Dairy product intake was accompanied by increased dietary fat intake, but there were no statistically significant changes in serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The vertebral bone density in the women consuming increased calcium did not change over the 3-yr period (-0.4 +/- 0.9%). In contrast, the vertebral bone density in the control women declined (-2.9 +/- 0.8%; P less than 0.001) and was significantly lower than that in the supplemented group at 30 and 36 months. The study suggests that dietary modification in the form of dairy products retards vertebral bone loss in premenopausal women. Therefore, increased calcium intake in estrogen-replete premenopausal women may prevent age-related bone loss.
Adult↗
[Is there a double pathway for the secretion of thyroglobulin: a "short circuit" weakly glycosyl-iodinated and a "long circuit" strongly glycosyl-iodinated?].
Intact rat thyroid lobes incubated in vitro release recently synthesized thyroglobulin (Tg) into the media at a faster rate than they release thyroglobulin stored in follicular structures. Differential release of this Tg fraction cannot be explained by morphological alterations in thyroid architecture during incubation. This rapidly excreted fraction exhibits a low density on rubidium chloride gradients characteristic of poorly sialylated and poorly iodinated thyroglobulin, comigrating on rubidium chloride gradients with thyroglobulin isolated from tunicamycin treated glands. This poorly sialylated and poorly iodinated thyroglobulin is itself unaffected in its density or release into the media by tunicamycin treatment. Tg isolated from the media of tunicamycin treated glands has nearly the same low iodine and low sialic acid content as rat serum thyroglobulin and does not incorporate radiolabelled glucosamine. This fraction thus appear to duplicate properties of low glycosylated-low iodinated thyroglobulin released from thyroid cells in organisms that have no follicular structures and no follicular storage process as well as from thyroid tissue in patients with thyroid disease states, particularly thyroid tumors. Thus it is proposed a "short loop" pathway of low-glycosylated low-iodinated thyroglobulin directly into circulation, that bypasses and is not stored in the follicular lumen, the "long loop".
Animals↗
[Naloxone doesn't determine the response of growth hormone to clonidine in obese patients].
The effect of naloxone (opioid receptor blocker) on the impairment of growth hormone (GH) release after clonidine (alfa 2-adrenergic agonist) was investigated in 10 volunteer obese subjects. The patients (4 males and 6 females, 16-22 year old) with fat excess (15 +/- 2 kg) estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were studied repeatedly. The patients, were perfused by a slow saline infusion. 30 min later they received a bolus dose of clonidine (150 micrograms p.o.), followed 30 min later by a bolus dose of naloxone (10 mg i.v.) or a corresponding volume of isotonic sodium cloride (I.S.) for control. No significant changes occurred in blood GH concentration after clonidine administration and naloxone did not induce GH response at clonidine. These results suggest that in obese subjects the impairment of GH release after clonidine is not mediated via receptors sensitivity to naloxone.
Adolescent↗
[Partial deficiency in 21-hydroxylase in certain forms of hirsutism].
The ACTH test is important when hirsutism occurs in women with a slight 21-hydroxylase deficiency, and normal basal 17-OH Progesterone (17-OH-P/plasma levels). Extensive hormonal assays: LH, FSH, Prolactin, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), Estrone, 17OH-P, Androstenedione, Testosterone, Cortisol (C), Dehydroepiandrosterone-S (DEA-S) were carried out in 36 hirsute women. 13 of these presented hormone levels as found in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), 6 women presented a slight 21-hydroxylase deficiency (increased plasma 17-OH-P and decreased C after ACTH test with significant, p less than 0.01, increase of 17-OH-P/C and 17 women presented idiopathic hirsutism (IH). The hormonal pattern, in the basal condition, is not different in IH or in slight 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The ACTH test is able to differentiate between IH and adrenal hirsutism.
17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
[Ultrasonic diagnosis of biliary ileus. Apropos of 2 cases].
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Aged↗