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Biomedical subjects

J Rohde

Publications and source records attributed to J Rohde.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Localization of beta pre-protachykinin mRNA in nodose ganglion.

The neurons which synthesize tachykinins in the capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves of the respiratory tract are largely localized to the nodose ganglia. Using a radiolabelled antisense cRNA probe constructed from cDNA for the major precursor of substance P and neurokinin A (beta-preprotachykinin: beta-PPT), we have localized specific mRNA for this peptide in neurons of the nodose ganglion of rat using in situ hybridization. 26% of neurons gave a positive hybridization signal, which was in agreement with the same proportion of cell bodies showing substance P-like immunoreactivity. The specificity of the hybridization was confirmed by the absence of labelling using RNase pre-treatment and a sense probe having the same sequence as beta-PPT mRNA. This approach may now allow the investigation of factors which regulate synthesis of tachykinins at a gene transcriptional level.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Turning off the diarrhea: the role of food and ORS.

Ninety-three boys aged 5 years or less who had diarrhea due to Vibrio cholerae were randomly assigned to treatment with glucose oral rehydration salt (ORS) or rice-based ORS. For the first 24 h, ORS only was given to all the patients. During the next 24 h, ORS and normal food were given. The efficacy of the two types of ORS was compared in terms of ORS intake, stool output, change in hematocrit reading, serum specific gravity, and increase in body weight. At the end of the first 24 h of treatment, a 50% reduction in ORS intake and stool output was observed in the 47 patients randomly assigned to receive rice ORS as compared with the 46 patients who received glucose ORS. During the second 24 h of treatment, a significant reduction in the stool output was noticed in the glucose ORS group, making the efficacy of glucose ORS equal to that of rice ORS. The study suggests that normal food can impart some of the superiority of "super" ORS to standard glucose ORS with regard to reduction of stool volume.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Response to measles vaccine in Haitian infants 6 to 12 months old. Influence of maternal antibodies, malnutrition, and concurrent illnesses.

To study the factors affecting the serologic response to measles vaccination, we evaluated 595 Haitian infants from 6 through 12 months of age, and their mothers, at the beginning of an immunization program. Thirty-four per cent of the infants had preexisting serologic evidence of measles infections by 11 months of age. Among infants more than nine months of age, those who had had measles had a significantly lower nutritional status than those who had not (P less than 0.01). After vaccination, seroconversion rates increased from 45 per cent at 6 months to 100 per cent at 12 months. The lowest rate of vaccine failure compatible with acceptably low rates of natural infections could be achieved by vaccination after eight months of age. Infants born to mothers with low levels of antibody to measles (hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers less than 1:40) were significantly more likely to have had natural measles (P less than 0.01) or to have seroconversion after vaccination (P less than 0.001) at 6 to 10 months of age than were infants born to mothers with higher of age than were infants born to mothers with higher titers. Malnutrition and acute infections did not affect seroconversion rates. These data support the World Health Organization recommendation to administer measles vaccine in under-developed countries as soon after nine months of age as possible, regardless of nutritional status or the presence of minor illnesses.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

A register of mentally handicapped individuals using a microcomputer.

The Kensington and Chelsea and Westminster Mental Handicap Register described in this paper was commissioned by the Area Planning Team for the Mentally Handicapped, on behalf of the two local authorities and the Area Health Authority. The register was designed and implemented for the authorities by the Kensington and Chelsea and Westminster Health Information Unit, which forms part of the Department of Community Medicine of Westminster Medical School.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

[Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Open parallel study with the non-steroidal antirheumatics piroxicam and diclofenac].

Piroxicam and diclofenac were compared for 4 weeks in an open parallel study in 20 rheumatoid arthritis patients each. Both preparations showed good efficacy and were well tolerated, piroxicam appearing to be slightly superior in both respects. Piroxicam exercised a significant action on the inflammation-specific parameters (reduction of BSR by 6.15 mm maximum and of the alpha 2-globulin fraction by 0.75%), whereas diclofenac did not. Another advantage of piroxicam is its low effective dosage level achieved by a single daily dose.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of availability and acceptability of lethal instruments on suicide mortality. An analysis of some international data.

Suicide mortality in the 5 years 1969-73 in 11 countries is examined in relation to the methods used. Some countries have substantially high suicide rates for each method, others have increased mortality for certain specific methods. In this latter group it is suggested that some of the variations in total suicide mortality can be explained by variations in either the availability or the acceptability of certain specific instruments for causing death, particularly domestic gas, firearms and hanging.

Australia↗
PubMed1980

Concurrence of anorexia nervosa and yellow mutant albinism.

A review of published clinical reports shows that anorexia nervosa has been found in association with several genetic anomalies, principally gonosomal aneuploidy. An additional, and unique, association is described here: a case of anorexia nervosa in a patient with the yellow mutant form of oculocutaneous albinism and no other apparent chromosomal abnormalities. While the concurrence of these two disorders in a single person is apparently a chance phenomenon, our review of experimental publications shows that feeding disturbances also occur in yellow mutant mice. Such complementary findings suggest the need for continuing investigation of the genetic foundations of eating behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Diagnosis and treatment of anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa is much like other psychogenic or psychosomatic disorders in that it tends to run a chronic, relapsing course, with a proportion of patients never fully recovering. It is unlike them, however, in that significant mortality rates have been reported. With epidemiological studies now suggesting an increased incidence of the disorder, and follow-up studies indicating the importance of early treatment to favorable outcome, the vital role of family physicians in diagnosis and treatment becomes evident. This paper draws on both published accounts and original case material to summarize the primary diagnostic criteria and secondary signs of anorexia nervosa. An illustrative history of a young woman with chronic anorexia nervosa is followed by a discussion of treatment alternatives. Although still in the experimental stage, behavior therapy is presented for its apparent efficacy and adaptability to the outpatient family practice setting.

Adolescent↗