Biomedical subjects

J Roof

Publications and source records attributed to J Roof.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Cystourethroscopic findings before and after prostate brachytherapy.

PURPOSE: To assess the role of cystourethroscopy in predicting the risk of postimplant urinary retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen unselected prostate brachytherapy patients implanted with 125I or 103Pd under spinal or general anesthesia were studied. Following induction of anesthesia, the patient was placed in the lithotomy position and cystourethroscopy performed using a 17 sheath and a 30 degrees lens. Irrigation pressure was 100-cm water. A photograph was taken from the level of the verumontanum. At completion of the implant procedure, a second cystourethroscopy was performed and another photograph taken. The degree of obstruction was rated using a 3-point scale. Each patient was contacted at the time of this report to update postimplant morbidity information with follow-up from 1 to 10 months. RESULTS: The patients' preimplant cystourethroscopic findings ranged from minimal to complete occlusion. There was no clear relationship between the American Urologic Association (AUA) score or preimplant prostate volume and the degree of obstruction. Nearly all patients had some increased physical obstruction following completion of the procedure, but only 8 of 14 patients had an increase in obstruction grade. Six patients were completely obstructed at the completion of the implant procedure, only one of whom developed urinary retention. CONCLUSIONS: Marked variability in cystourethroscopy findings do not appear to have a strong influence on the likelihood of postimplant urinary retention and are not a reliable predictor of retention.

Brachytherapy↗

PubMed2000

Patient perception of local anesthesia for prostate brachytherapy.

Prostate brachytherapy is an increasingly popular treatment for early-stage prostate cancer. Until now, spinal or general anesthesia for the procedure has been the standard of care. For patient safety, patient convenience, and to limit use of operating facilities, the authors started performing implants routinely with local anesthesia. We present here an evaluation of patients' acceptance of prostate brachytherapy under local anesthesia. On arrival at our department on the morning of the procedure, the patient is brought into the simulator suite, an intravenous line is started, and a urinary catheter is inserted. With the patient in the lithotomy position, a 5-by-5-cm patch of perineal skin and subcutaneous tissue is anesthetized by local infiltration of 10 mL of 1% lidocaine, using a 25-gauge 5/8-inch needle. Immediately following injection into the subcutaneous tissues, the deeper tissues, including the pelvic floor and prostate apex, are anesthetized by injecting 15 mL lidocaine solution with approximately 8 passes of a 20-gauge 1-inch needle. Following subcutaneous and periapical lidocaine injections, the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) probe is positioned to reproduce the planning images and a 3.5- or 6-inch, 22-gauge spinal needle is inserted into the peripheral planned needle tracks, monitored by TRUS. When the tips of the needles reach the prostatic base, about 1 mL of lidocaine solution is injected in the intraprostatic track, as the needle is slowly withdrawn. The lidocaine infiltration procedure takes approximately 10 to 15 minutes. Seed implantation is then performed as previously described. At the time of this report preparation, 58 of the 71 patients (81%) were interviewed, with a median follow-up of 6 months since the implant procedure. On a scale of 1 to 10, the median biopsy pain score was 4.5 compared with a median pain score with the implant procedure of 3.0. There was no clear correlation between the two scores (r = .26). There was no correlation between patients' implant pain score and the number of implant needles used, the pre-implant prostate size, or patient age. The prostate radiation dose coverage, calculated as the percent of the post-implant volume covered by the prescription isodose, averaged 88% (range, 75% to 99%). Five of the 55 patients interviewed (9%) stated that they would have preferred to have the procedure under general anesthesia. Ranked on a 1 to 5 scale, the median patient satisfaction was 5 and the average was 4.4. The substitution of local anesthesia has facilitated rapid introduction of a high-volume brachytherapy program at an institution, without requiring the allocation of significant operating room time. We are pleased with the overall level of patient comfort and satisfaction.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Local anesthesia for prostate brachytherapy.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the technique and feasibility of prostate brachytherapy performed with local anesthesia only. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A 5 by 5 cm patch of perineal skin and subcutaneous tissue is anesthetized by local infiltration of 10 cc of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine, using a 25-gauge 5/8-inch needle. Immediately following injection into the subcutaneous tissues, the deeper tissues, including the pelvic floor and prostate apex, are anesthetized by injecting 15 cc lidocaine solution with approximately 8 passes of a 20-gauge 1.0-inch needle. Following subcutaneous and peri-apical lidocaine injections, the patient is brought to the simulator suite and placed in leg stirrups. The transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) probe is positioned to reproduce the planning images and a 3.5- or 6.0-inch, 22-gauge spinal needle is inserted into the peripheral planned needle tracks, monitored by TRUS. When the tips of the needles reach the prostatic base, about 1 cc of lidocaine solution is injected in the intraprostatic track, as the needle is slowly withdrawn, for a total volume of 15 cc. The implants are done with a Mick Applicator, inserting and loading groups of two to four needles, so that a maximum of only about four needles are in the patient at any one time. During the implant procedure, an additional 1 cc of lidocaine solution is injected into one or more needle tracks if the patient experiences substantial discomfort. The total dose of lidocaine is generally limited to 500 mg (50 ml of 1% solution). RESULTS: To date, we have implanted approximately 50 patients in our simulator suite, using local anesthesia. Patients' heart rate and diastolic blood pressure usually showed moderate changes, consistent with some discomfort. The time from first subcutaneous injection and completion of the source insertion ranged from 35 to 90 minutes. Serum lidocaine levels were below or at the low range of therapeutic. There has been only one instance of acute urinary retention in the patients treated so far, and no unplanned admissions to the hospital or need to reschedule a patient to be implanted under general or spinal anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: The substitution of local anesthesia has facilitated rapid introduction of a high-volume brachytherapy program at an institution that previously had none, without requiring the allocation of significant operating room time. Although the patients reported here were implanted without conscious sedation, we are starting to try various sedatives and analgesics for patients who we anticipate will have substantial anxiety with the procedure.

Adrenergic Agonists↗

PubMed1994

Hydromorphone patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after coronary artery bypass surgery.

We conducted a study to compare the effectiveness of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) technique to conventional analgesic therapy (CAT) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). The PCA group received hydromorphone 0.1 mg.hr-1 basal infusion and bolus doses of 0.2 mg Q 5 min (maximum 1.2 mg.hr-1) while the CAT group received morphine 2.5 mg iv Q 30 min prn until extubation followed by prn meperidine 1 mg.kg-1 im Q 4 hr or acetaminophen 325 mg with codeine 30 mg po (1 or 2 tablets) when oral intake was possible. The degree of pain was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) starting after extubation and every 6-8 hr for the next 60 hr. Holter monitoring was initiated one hour after patient arrival in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and continued for 72 hr. Other measured variables were pulmonary function, sedation, side effects and total opioid requirements. Results show that the day-to-day VAS pain score decreased in the PCA group (P < 0.001) while it remained unchanged in CAT patients. The PCA patients had lower VAS pain scores at extubation (P < 0.05). During the third postoperative day, the PCA group had a lower VAS pain score, a lower incidence of severe pain defined as a score > 5 on the VAS scale, and a reduced incidence of myocardial ischaemia (P < 0.01). However, there was no difference in the duration, severity, area under the curve (AUC), or heart rate during ischaemic events. Postoperative pulmonary function was abnormal in both groups (NS) with minimal recovery by the fourth day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analgesia↗