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Biomedical subjects

J Roques

Publications and source records attributed to J Roques.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Wetting-to-nonwetting transition in metal-coated C60.

Based on ab initio and density-functional theory calculations, an empirical potential is proposed to model the interaction between a fullerene molecule and many sodium atoms. This model predicts homogeneous coverage of C60 below eight Na atoms and a progressive droplet formation above this size. The effects of ionization, temperature, and external electric field indicate that the various, and apparently contradictory, experimental results can indeed be put into agreement.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

The Clock Drawing Test: utility for dementia detection in multiethnic elders.

BACKGROUND: Disproportionate increases in dementia morbidity in ethnic minorities challenge established screening methodologies because of language and culture barriers, varying access to health services, and a relative paucity of cross-cultural data validating their use. Simple screening techniques adapted to a range of health and social service settings would accelerate dementia detection and social and health services planning for demented minority elders. METHODS: The effectiveness of the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) for dementia detection was compared with that of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) in community-dwelling elders of diverse linguistic, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. Subjects (N = 295) were tested at home in their native languages (English, n = 141; another language, n = 154). An informant-based clinical dementia history and functional severity index derived from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) protocols were used to classify subjects as probably demented (n = 170), and probably not demented (n = 125). RESULTS: All tests were significantly affected by education (p < .001) but not by primary language (p > .05). Sensitivities and specificities for probable dementia were 82% and 92%, respectively, for the CDT; 92% and 92% for the MMSE; and 93% and 97% for the CASI for subjects completing each test. However, in poorly educated non-English speakers, the CDT detected demented subjects with higher sensitivity than the two longer instruments (sensitivity and specificity 85% and 94% for the CDT, 46% and 100% for the MMSE, and 75% and 95% for the CASI). Moreover less information was lost due to noncompletion of the CDT than the MMSE or CASI (severe dementia or refusal: CDT 8%, MMSE 12%, and CASI 16%). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the CDT may be as effective as the MMSE or CASI as a first-level dementia screen for clinical use in multiethnic, multilingual samples of older adults. Its brevity (1-5 minutes), minimal language requirements, high acceptability, and lack of dependence on specialized testing materials are well adapted for screening of non-English-speaking elderly persons in settings where bilingual interpreters are not readily available and screening time is at a premium.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Acute chest pain.

Chest pain is the initial symptom of many life-threatening disease processes. Pain may arise from any structure located in the thoracic cavity. Cardiac causes of chest pain usually have anginal symptoms. Noncardiac causes have a variety of chest pain characteristics. Diseases that require immediate attention and intervention are myocardial infarction/unstable angina, dissecting aortic aneurysm, pericarditis, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, pneumonia, and acute chest syndrome. In order to evaluate a patient with the complaint of chest pain, the advanced practice nurse must be familiar with the differential diagnosis approach to acute chest pain.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Hepatectomy with initial suprahilar control of intrahepatic portal pedicles.

In 1985 Couinaud described an original technique for left hepatectomy. This technique is based on initial control of the left intrahepatic portal pedicle after wedge incision of the hepatic capsule is made and the hilar plate is lowered before the hepatic parenchyma is opened. The vascular and biliary pedicular elements are dissected concomitantly at a point where they are protected by and contained within a sheath emanating from the hepatic capsule. After elective clamping of the pedicle at this level is done, the territory to be removed becomes obvious by the change of color produced by ischemia, and bleeding is minimized preventively. Although Couinaud's technique concerned only one case of left hepatectomy, we confirmed the ease, safety, and reproducibility afforded by this technique in four left hepatectomies. Based on the same principles, this technique may be used for other types of hepatic resections, notably, left hepatectomy extended to segments 5 and 8 (trisegmentectomies). We report our experience with this technique in 15 cases of major hepatic resections.

Hepatectomy↗
PubMed1991

[Cancer of the rectum: distal intramural spread is correlated with lymph node involvement].

Cancers of the rectum are only rarely associated with distal intraparietal microscopic extension situated below the apparent pole of the tumour. When such extension exists, it may be either limited to several millimetres and is generally continuous with the tumour, or it may be extensive and composed of tumour lesions separated from the principal lesion by healthy tissue. On 119 rectal resection specimens for cancer, distal intraparietal extension was found to be significantly correlated with the degree and multiplicity of lymph node involvement. Tumours without distal intramural extension were associated with lymph node invasion in only 20% of cases and half of them were multiple involvements. In contrast, the frequency of lymph node invasion in cases of distal intramural extension was 80% with multiple node involvement in every case. In cases of distal intraparietal invasion, immuno-histochemical techniques demonstrated tumour emboli in the vessels and lymphatics. In cases of the rectum, lymph node invasion and its multiplicity are directly related to the presence of distal intraparietal invasion.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Distal intramural spread of carcinoma of the rectum correlated with lymph nodal involvement.

One hundred and nineteen operative specimens of carcinoma of the rectum were prospectively studied to evaluate distant microscopic intramural spread with respect to gross tumoral margins and to determine if the degree of spread was related to involvement of the lymph nodes. Eighty-eight of the 119 specimens (74 per cent) did not have intramural extension distal to the gross distal margin of the tumor. Twenty-five (21 per cent) had intramural extension of less than 5 millimeters from the gross distal limit of the tumor. In these instances, tumoral spread was contiguous. In six (5 per cent), tumoral spread was found at more than 5 millimeters from the gross distal margin of the lesion. In all six specimens, the tumoral extension was separated from the gross lesion by undiseased tissue, the foci being located between 5 and 15 millimeters from the distal margin of the lesion. Lymph nodal involvement was found in 19 of 88 lesions without distal intramural spread, in 14 of 25 tumors with intramural spread of less than 5 millimeters and in five of six with intramural extension of 5 millimeters or more, respectively. The difference was statistically significant. With respect to the same three categories of distal extension, more than one lymph node was involved in 11 of 88 lesions, six of 25 and five of six, respectively. This difference was also statistically significant. In the six instances with distal intramural extension, results of immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the presence of tumoral embolism in both the blood and lymphatic vessels. In carcinoma of the rectum, lymph nodal involvement and its multiplicity are directly related to the extent of intramural spread.

Adenocarcinoma↗