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Biomedical subjects

J Rosenzweig

Publications and source records attributed to J Rosenzweig.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Novel mutations and a mutational hotspot in the MODY3 gene.

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 3 (MODY3) is a type of NIDDM caused by mutations in the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha (HNF-1alpha) located on chromosome 12q. We have identified four novel HNF-1alpha missense mutations in MODY3 families. In four additional and unrelated families, we observed an identical insertion mutation that had occurred in a polycytidine tract in exon 4. Among those families, one exhibited a de novo mutation at this location. We propose that instability of this sequence represents a general mutational mechanism in MODY3. We observed no HNF-1alpha mutations among 86 unrelated late-onset diabetic patients with relative insulin deficiency. Hence mutations in this gene appear to be most strongly associated with early-onset diabetes.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12↗
PubMed1988

Variations in men's psychological sex role self-perception as a function of work, social and sexual life roles.

Research was conducted to determine whether or not sex role self-perception varied across life situations. Data including demographic information and situational and global sex role was collected from men employed at a large midwestern university. Findings indicate a significant variation in sex role self-perception across work, social and sexual interactions. Regardless of whether the man generally perceives himself as masculine, feminine, or androgynous, his perceptions may change when confronted with culturally stereotypic rules and role demands. The results suggest, first, that caution be exercised in assuming that global sex role perceptions generalize to various role situations and, second, that discrepancies between the global sex role and the situational sex role could result in role strain. The latter could have clear impact upon the dyadic sexual situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Starch peritonitis following peritoneal dialysis.

Peritoneal dialysis is used frequently in the treatment of patients having renal failure. A 43-year-old patient developed acute abdominal symptoms 7 days after completion of peritoneal dialysis. Celiotomy demonstrated peritonitis with presence of starch powder. Resolution occurred rapidly after removal of the powder. Starch peritonitis after peritoneal dialysis can be obviated by careful washing of gloves. It can be managed without operative intervention. Peritonitis due to starch dusting powder can occur as a complication of peritoneal dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Risk for alcoholism and methadone treatment. A longitudinal study.

To investigate the relationship between methadone and alcohol abuse, 60 male veteran narcotic addicts entering a methadone maintenance program were divided into either a problem drinker group (N = 21) or a normal drinker group (N = 39) based on their drinking histories and Breathalyzer tests at admission. Their performance was monitored throughout methadone treatment. Results showed no systematic changes in alcohol use. Problem drinkers tended to be involved in more criminal activity, showed more evidence of depression and anxiety, and were more likely to continue abuse of illicit drugs. These results suggest that stabilization was not etiologically associated with alcohol abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Intrarenal hemodynamics and renal function in postobstructive uropathy.

Impairment of renal function was noted after release of 24 hr of unilateral (UUO) and bilateral (BUO) ureteral obstruction. After release of obstruction fractional sodium excretion was identical in both obstructed and intact kidney of UUO rats, whereas massive natriuresis occurred in BUO rats. Renal blood flow in BUO rats, determined by the microsphere method after released of 24 h of obstruction, was approximately 60 per cent of control values. Mean renal blood flow of the obstructed kidney of UUO rats after release of obstruction was 78 per cent of the mean renal blood flow of the contralateral unobstructed kidney. No redistribution of intrarenal blood flow was noted in UUO and BUO rats. Filtration fractions of obstructed kidneys from BUO and UUO rats after release of obstruction were lower than those of controls, suggesting that preglomerular vasoconstriction is primarily involved in the reduction of glomerular filtration rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of minoxidil on blood pressure and hemodynamics in severe hypertension.

Eighteen patients with diastolic hypertension (100 to 120 mm Hg), in addition to propranolol, 160 mg daily, and hydrochlorothiazide, 100 mg daily, received progressively increased doses of either minoxidil or placebo in a double-blind crossover study. With minoxidil (average dose 19.7 mg) blood pressure decreased from 165/109 to 138/89 mm Hg without the appearance of orthostatic hypotension. Hypertrichosis and fluid retention did occur, with an average weight gain of 1.8 kg, concomitant with an increased plasma volume. Pulse rate and cardiac output increased; no significant changes were observed in plasma renin activity, renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate or excretion of catecholamines or aldosterone. Minoxidil appears to be a useful antihypertensive drug for treating patients who do not respond adequately to therapy with diuretic and beta adrenergic blocking agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Renal hemodynamics in HgCl2-induced acute renal failure.

Renal blood flow (RBF), outer cortical blood flow (OC-rbf) and inner cortical blood flow were determined by the microsphere method in water-drinking rats and chronic saline-drinking rats at 3, 12 and 24 h after injection of HgCl2, 4.7 mg/kh body weight. RFB and OC-rbf were decreased in both groups at 3 h post HgCl2 injection. Persistent reduction of OC-rbf was noted in water-drinking rats at 12 and 24 h post HgCl2 even though the total RBF returned to normal by 24 h. These parameters were normal in chronic saline-drinking rats. Despite normal RBF in water-drinking and saline-drinking rats, serum creatinines were still signigicantly elevated 24 h post HgCl2. Therefore, alterations in total renal perfusion do not entirely account for the decreased renal function that occurs under these circumstances.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1977

Intrarenal hemodynamics and ureteral pressure during ureteral obstruction.

Renal blood flow was measured in bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) and unilateral ureteral (UUO) obstruction. Renal blood flow of BUO and UUO rats before release of 24-hr obstruction was approximately 69 per cent and 77 per cent of control values, respectively. No redistribution of intrarenal blood flow was noted in UUO and BUO rats. Prerelease ureteral pressure of BUO rats (27.6 +/- 1.60 mm Hg) was significantly higher than that of UUO rats (14.4 +/- 1.30 mm Hg, P less than 0.001). Although the blood urea nitrogen of UUO rats with urine reinfusion was similar to that of BUO rats, the ureteral pressure was 14.8 +/- 1.93 mm Hg. Therefore, the higher ureteral pressure of BUO rats is not due to elevation of blood urea nitrogen. It is concluded that decreased renal blood flow during obstruction and high ureteral pressure may result in more severe tubular damage in BUO than in UUO. The decreased renal perfusion is probably due to changes in intrarenal vascular tone rather than due to intersitial pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Sequential renal transplants: some surgical and immunological implications on management of the first homograft.

Experience with 35 second grafts included in a total number of 310 renal transplants was analyzed to identify factors associated with success. The 2 year life-table renal survival rate of sequential cadaveric grafts is 42 percent compared in 54 percent for primary cadaveric grafts. The 2 year life-table patient survival rate for the same group is 68 percent compared to 72 percent for single cadaveric homotransplants. Twenty-one of 30 patients tested in the interval between grafts developed cytotoxic antibodies to greater than 5 percent of a random panel of cells; 43 percent of these kidneys functioned at least one year; 65 percent functioned for one year or more if the cytotoxicity was 5 percent or less. If the first graft functioned greater than 3 months, the second had a 67 percent chance of functioning for one year; if less than 3 months, the second had a 45 percent one year function rate. Removal of the first transplant at time of second transplantation resulted in an 88 percent one year life-table survival rate of the second kidney in nine patients. Removal prior to second transplantation resulted in a 25 percent one year survival rate in 23 patients. To further evaluate this significant finding, data was obtained through the American College of Surgeons/National Institutes of Health (ACS/NIH) Organ Transplant Registry from five major transplant centers. Thirty-two patients had their first graft removed at time of second transplantation with a 52 percent one year life-table kidney survival rate vs. 29 percent if the first were removed more than 90 days prior to second grafting. Statistical analysis shows this to be significant at the 95 percent confidence level.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1972

Hyperosmolar coma.

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Blood Glucose↗