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Biomedical subjects

J Rosmanith

Publications and source records attributed to J Rosmanith.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Continuous recording of intrapulmonary "compressed air" as a sensitive noninvasive method of measuring bronchial obstruction in guinea pigs.

The method presented is based on whole-body plethysmography. The apparatus consisted of two chambers (a = respiratory, b = body chamber) separated by a tight water-filled rubber cuff which was fixed around the head of the animal. Experiments were performed under constant gas conditions: temperature 30 degrees C, 100% relative humidity, the volumes of the two chamber being identical. Volume changes in the chamber (delta Va, delta Vb) were recorded continuously by means of pressure transducers. Respiratory flow was calculated by differentiation of delta Va with respect to time. The three parameters delta Va, delta Vb and respiratory flow allowed the calculation of breathing frequency, inspiration/expiration ratio, (peak) expiratory flow and specific airway conductance. In addition we describe a new parameter indicating bronchial obstruction: a graphical plot of delta Vb against delta Va produces a closed loop, the area of which reflects the degree of airway obstruction, and we read off the parameter we term "compressed air" from this graph. In our hands this parameter was more than ten times as sensitive as other measures of bronchial obstruction. Using this new technique we have carried out pharmacological studies with eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), 2-aminomethyl 4-t-butyl-6-iodophenol (MK 447 = radical scavenger), the histamine antagonist clemastine and the histamine antagonist cimetidine. In allergen-tested animals we observed mild protective effects of ETYA when given as an aerosol (3 mg) and pronounced effects of MK 447 (4 mg i.p.). Combined H1 H2-antagonism was much more effective in preventing allergen-induced bronchial obstruction than H1-antagonism alone.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1979

[A comparative morphological and enzyme-histochemical study of experimental pneumoconiosis and experimental allergic-hyperergic pulmonary granuloma (author's transl)].

Six endotracheal applications of 15 milligrams of cadmium sulfide (CdS) given to rats at weekly intervals induce pneumoconiosis with massive adhesions. The same quantities of lead sulfide (PbS) given under the same conditions have much less effect, causing only the formation of fairly small fibrous nodules. The tissue reactions to CdS and PbS were studied morphologically (light and electron microscope) and enzyme-histochemically. The results were compared with those observed in experimental anthracosilicosis in rats and with those seen in allergic-hyperergic reactions of the lung in guinea pigs (induced by several applications of the complete Freund adjuvans). A considerable increase in macrophages in the alveoli and interstices of the lungs with increased activity of acid phosphatase and oxydoreductases had occurred in every animal. None showed primary damage to type 2 pneumocytes. The results indicate that the two toxic agents differ in their capacity to induce fibrosis not because they interfere to a different degree with the clearing function of the lung or surfactant production, but because they differ in their capacity to stimulate fibroblast formation.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

[To the behaviour of cadmium and lead in children with a different cadmium or lead burden].

An epidemiological study of 413 randomly chosen children in age of 2--14 years living in an industrial town is presented. According to their place of residence they were either burdened with cadmium from a forge or with lead from the traffic. The different burden was refelcted not only in the blood lead level but also in blood cadmium level respectively. Both contaminants showed in their separate effects the same behaviour. The intensity of the absorption of lead or cadmium respectively influences not only the relationship between blood lead level or blood cadmium level and the other parameters (Pb-H, Pb-U, Cd-H, Cd-U, d-ALA-U) but also the distribution of these parameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[The influencing factors of selection of collective upon the assessment in epidemiological studies in the example of blood lead levels in children (author's transl)].

In a study of blood lead levels in 1719 children from 2 industrial areas, both with high but differing lead pollution, it is shown how the selection of the collective can influence the results of an epidemiological study. A representative statement on the lead exposure for all children living in a circumscribed area, is not possible if the children are selected according to previous diseases or, for that matter, according to medical criteria of any kind. Also, a selection only upon voluntary basis stemming from parental decision, does not bring correct results. The time chosen for the investigation must also be taken under consideration. The authors suggest a random choice, for example according to date of birth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Relationships between immissions of plumb and zinc and the levels of plumb, zinc and cadmium in blood, urine and hair in children (author's transl)].

In children from an industrial area with a high degree of lead, zinc and cadmium pollution, the lead levels in blood and hair increased with increasing lead fall-out, and the cadmium concentration in the urine increased with increasing zinc fall-out. Children from the center of town presented significantly higher lead values in the blood and hair samples and, significantly lower urine lead concentration than those children investigated, living in the peripheral districts of the industrial town. The lead content of blood and hair samples corresponded to the various lead immission levels encountered. The results give rise to the supposition that biological cadmium interactions are influenced by simultaneous lead uptake.

Adolescent↗