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Biomedical subjects

J Rosner

Publications and source records attributed to J Rosner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Severe mental illness and HIV-AIDS.

This chapter reviews the high rates of HIV infection and the risky sex and drug use practices of psychiatric patients, examines the role in HIV risk of psychiatric symptoms and of the contexts in which patients live, provides guidelines for taking sexually transmitted disease and risk histories from patients, presents recommendations for making HIV-testing decisions with patients, and describes the range of HIV-related services available to psychiatric outpatients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

The relationship between moderate hyperopia and academic achievement: how much plus is enough?

BACKGROUND: There is evidence linking uncorrected hyperopia in children with academic learning problems. METHODS: This study was designed to test that hypothesis and--given supportive data--to then address a second topic: the minimal amount of uncorrected hyperopia that appears to impede elementary school performance. RESULTS: The refractive status and achievement test scores of 782 first-through-fifth grade children were compared. CONCLUSIONS: Statistical analysis indicated significantly lower achievement test scores among hyperopic children whose refractive errors exceeded 1.25 D (ANOVA F = 12.51; df = 4; p = 0.014).

Child↗
PubMed1995

Effects of a 48-h fat infusion on insulin secretion and glucose utilization.

To determine the effects of prolonged elevation of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) on insulin secretion, we infused Liposyn II (4.3 mumol.kg-1.min-1) plus heparin (0.4 U.kg-1.min-1) intravenously into six healthy volunteers for 48 h. Another six volunteers received saline infusions and served as control subjects. In all 12 subjects (11 men and 1 woman), plasma glucose was clamped at approximately 8.6 mmol/l. Liposyn/heparin infusion resulted in a 9.4-fold increase in plasma FFA concentration (from 132 to 1,237 mumol/l), a 46% increase in insulin secretion rates (from 241 to 352 pmol/min, P < 0.05) (determined by deconvolution of plasma C-peptide concentration), and a 30% decrease, during the initial 24 h, in the rate of glucose infusion needed to maintain hyperglycemia (from 55.5 to 39.1 mumol.kg-1.min-1, P < 0.02). This decrease disappeared during the second 24 h. In summary, we found that physiologically elevated plasma FFAs 1) potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion for 48 h and 2) initially caused peripheral insulin resistance that disappeared during the 2nd day, probably as a result of elevated circulating insulin levels. We conclude that in healthy volunteers under hyperglycemic conditions, fat infusion produced insulin resistance that was compensated for after approximately 24 h by persistent hypersecretion of insulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of two clinical methods for measuring tonic accommodation in children.

Two methods have been described for measuring tonic accommodation (TA) under clinical conditions. One is the near retinoscopy (NEAR) method; the other uses Nott retinoscopy as the patient views a low spatial frequency difference of Gaussian (DOG) target. The purpose of this study was to compare the TA measures made by these two procedures on a group of 6- to 14-year-old children. The data indicate that the procedures yield significantly different information.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1990

Clinical review of neurofibromatosis.

Neurofibromatosis (NF), also known as von Recklinghausen's disease, is a prevalent genetic disorder--as common as cystic fibrosis and Down's syndrome and twice as prevalent as muscular dystrophy; it occurs in approximately one of 3000 live births. NF often involves the eyes and visual pathways; many NF patients first present early in life because of ocular complaints. But, because mental retardation can be a complication of the disease, such patients are difficult to examine and, as a result, the disease is sometimes not recognized. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the condition along with a case report of an eight year old child with NF.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Relation between clinically measured tonic accommodation and refractive status in 6- to 14-year-old children.

Previous studies have shown a relation between refractive status and tonic accommodation (TA), with corrected hyperopes displaying a significantly higher TA than corrected myopes. TA measurements in those studies were made on adult subjects, under laboratory conditions with an infrared or laser optometer. The study reported here used a different measurement method and younger subjects. The TA of 113 (19 hyperopic, 61 emmetropic, 33 myopic) children, ages 6 to 14 years, was measured by a clinical method described earlier. Analysis of variance indicated significant (p less than 0.25) between-group mean differences similar to the adult-subject data cited above. Clinical implications of the data and the measurement method are discussed.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1989

Relation between tonic accommodation and visual perceptual skills development in 6- to 12-year-old children.

Refractive status has been shown to be related to both tonic accommodation (TA) and visual perceptual skills (VPS) development in children. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible direct links between TA and VPS development, independent of refractive status. The TA and VPS of 162 children (29 hyperopic, 81 emmetropic, 52 myopic) were assessed clinically. Analysis of the data corroborated the aforementioned relation between refractive status and TA, and between refractive status and VPS, but also revealed substantial within-refractive-group variability in TA and a highly significant relation between TA and VPS. The evidence indicates that children with high TA are much more likely to have delays in VPS development than are children with low TA, regardless of their refractive status.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1988

Similarities and differences in a set of 7-year-old triplets, two of whom are monozygotic.

This paper describes three sisters, triplets, age 7 years, 2 months, two of whom derive from a single ovum, the third from a second ovum. As such, they provide an opportunity to examine the relative impact of heredity on certain of their physical, developed, and acquired abilities and characteristics. In addition to a comparison of such physical traits as height, weight, refractive status, axial length, and so on, certain (developed) sensory-motor and (acquired) cognitive and language measures are reported, such as binocular status, visual and auditory analysis skills, intelligence quotient, and (expressive and receptive) language abilities. Because all three children have lived in (more or less) the same pre- and post-natal environment, we assume that whatever concordance the monozygotic (MZ) pair displays that is not shared by their dizygotic (DZ) sister is attributable to heredity. (It does not necessarily follow, however, that any discordance between the two MZ sisters or any concordance between one of them and their DZ sister is attributable to environment.

Body Height↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of visual characteristics in children with and without learning difficulties.

This report compares the refractive status, visual acuity, binocular status, vergence/accommodation facility, perceptual skills, and ocular health of 261 children with learning difficulties (LD) and 496 No-LD children, all between the ages of 6 and 12 years. Data reveal that among conditions diagnosed routinely by optometrists, hyperopia and perceptual skills dysfunction were more prevalent in LD children and myopia in No-LD children. No other significant between-group differences were found.

Astigmatism↗
PubMed1986

Parent-child conflict resolved.

This paper discusses the methods used to settle the emotional debt of love and nurturance withheld by the parent and owed to the child. The child, as an adult in a therapy setting, is responsible for the resolution of the conflict created by the parent-child relationship. The framework for each settlement of the debt is basically similar. Patient and therapist are allied together as trusting partners so that the patient can experience a close relationship with another person--something he or she may have missed with his or her own parents as a child. The patient then must divert his or her attention away from the unhappy past, thus forgetting it, and concentrate on the positive, fulfilling aspects of the present.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Filter-free method for assessing farpoint stereopsis: a pilot study report.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of designing a simple, filter-free ("real-depth" conditions) farpoint stereotest. A two-step pilot study is described wherein (Step 1) an enlarged, somewhat modified version of the standard version of the Frisby stereotest was constructed and administered to 42 adult subjects. This was followed (Step 2) by the construction and try-out of a similar apparatus that was based on the same principles, but comprised different stimuli. Descriptions of both tests are provided along with data which suggest that designing such a test for clinical application is feasible.

Depth Perception↗
PubMed1986

The clinical management of perceptual skills disorders in a primary care practice.

This paper offers guidelines that will assist the primary-care optometrist formulate effective treatment recommendations for patients who display perceptual skills dysfunction in association with school learning difficulties. It suggests that long, multifaceted diagnostic protocols are unnecessary and, further, that only certain children are aided significantly by perceptual skills remedial training programs. Others are better served by properly designed compensatory education programs that may or may not include a perceptual skills training component. Two case reports are included to illustrate these concepts.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of a modified (two-item) Frisby with the standard Frisby and Random-Dot E stereotests when used with preschool children.

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical value of the standard Frisby stereotest with young children, and the effects of modifying the standard Frisby to a two-item, forced-choice format. A description of the modified test is presented along with data that indicate the standard Frisby and Random-Dot E (RDE) stereotests are appropriate for children as young as age 30 months; both instruments yield similar results; and the modified two-item Frisby extends the applicability of the test to even younger and/or less communicative children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

Differences in the perceptual skills development of young myopes and hyperopes.

The purpose of this study was to compare the visual perceptual skills of young myopes and hyperopes. The case records of over 700 young University of Houston College of Optometry clinic patients revealed significant differences between the two groups (p less than 0.001), suggesting that myopes are, indeed, more analytical than hyperopes. Comparisons are also made with emmetropes. Implications of these data are discussed.

Age Factors↗