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Biomedical subjects

J Rouffy

Publications and source records attributed to J Rouffy.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Effects of cicletanine on plasma lipid metabolism. Mid-term open trial in hypertensive patients with normal blood lipids and hyperlipidemia].

Cicletanine, an antihypertensive drug heralding a new pharmacological family, was tested in a short-term open trial on 39 hypertensive patients with normal or increased lipidemia according to the W.H.O. criteria. This trial confirmed that the drug has excellent antihypertensive activity (normalization of blood pressure in 71.8% of the cases), is very well tolerated and has no unfavourable effect on lipid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Effects of simvastatin on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apoproteins (A1 and B). 24 cases of major primary hypercholesterolemia].

We studied the effects of simvastatin (MK 733), a new competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase, alone and in combination with a bile acid sequestrant, cholestyramine, on serum levels of lipoproteins and apoproteins A1 and B, in 24 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. After simvastatin treatment (40 mg/day) alone for 12 weeks, serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by 31 and 36 percent respectively. With the addition of cholestyramine, there was a 41 per cent total decrease in serum cholesterol from the control value and a 50 percent decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol. After cholestyramine treatment alone for 12 weeks, serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by 20 percent and 29 percent respectively. With the addition of simvastatin (20 mg per day), there was a 32 percent total decrease in serum cholesterol from the control value and a 43 percent decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol. High density lipoprotein cholesterol remained unchanged. No major adverse effect was observed. If long term safety can be confirmed, the simvastatin-cholestyramine regimen may prove useful in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels and Achilles tendon diameters and indices in familial hypercholesterolaemic patients with tendinous xanthomatosis treated by diet and bezafibrate for 2 years.

Thirteen young adult patients suffering from heterozygotic familial hypercholesterolaemia with tendinous xanthomatosis, previously treated with a suitable special diet, were studied to assess the effect of bezafibrate, given for 2 years at a dose of 800 mg/day, on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels and on changes in size of the Achilles tendon xanthomas. Measurements were made before and at intervals during treatment, the tendinous xanthomas being measured by an echographic procedure to give data on antero-posterior and lateral diameters, thus enabling an Achilles tendon index to be defined. The results confirm the hypolipidaemic activity of bezafibrate, changes in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipids and lipoproteins (LDL, VLDL and HDL) being similar in direction and magnitude to those reported previously. A significant regression in the size of the Achilles tendon xanthomas was observed in 11 of the 13 patients, and the regression in the Achilles tendon index correlated significantly with a favourable change in the ratio HDL/LDL + VLDL. It is suggested that, as a result of this objective observation, a favourable effect of bezafibrate treatment would possibly be seen on the anatomical atheromatous lesions which are usual in this type of hyperlipidaemia.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1988

[Removal of low density lipoproteins on dextrans sulfate in 2 patients with familial monogenic hypercholesterolemia].

Two patients-a 32 year old man with severe heterozygote familial hyperlipoproteinemia (FH) and a 9 years old girl with homozygote FH-were treated over eight months by LDL apheresis using dextran sulfate cellulose column (Liposorber, Kaneka, Japon). Plasma was separated from blood cells by filtration (TPE Cobe) or centrifugation (2,997 Cobe) through peripheral veins. An IV bolus of 10 IU/kg heparin was given together with local anti-coagulation with 55 g/l sodium citrate, 20 g/l citric acid at a ratio 1:25. Albumin supply was unnecessary. Plasma was removed every 2 weeks through liposorber LA 40 in the adult, and every week through liposorber LA 40 then 2 LA 15 in the child, mean plasma volume exchanged being 1.2 litres in the adult and 1.5 litres par session in the child. EFFECTIVENESS: the DSC column removed on the average 60 p. 100 of total cholesterol (TC) and 65 p. 100 of LDL.C. Apoproteins B levels were reduced by 58 p. 100. After each procedure there was a rapid increase in lipid levels to about the 80 to 90 p. 100 of pretreatment value. In the adult, we obtained levels of TC of less than 300 mg/dl with exchanges every 2 weeks combined with an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (40 mg/day); in the child, with exchanges every week the same inhibitor did not permit a prolongation of the interval between 2 aphereses. SPECIFICITY: this was confirmed by elution of DSC column bound lipoproteins by 0.1 mol/l NaCl solution. However, the average removal of HDL.C and apoprotein A1 was respectively 31 p. 100 and 32 p. 100. Triglycerides levels were also reduced (48 p. 100). SAFETY: this was good in both cases. Using the filtration technic, hypotension was reported; this side effect did not appear with centrifugation. In the child, we observed immediate type reactions: nasal obstruction, headache and abdominal pain. The change in plasma protein concentration was caused by dilution and/or non specific absorption. CONCLUSION: LDL apheresis alone or combined with an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor is a safe technic, simple to manage without special equipment and producing marked LDL.C level reduction. However, there is also a reduction of HDL-C levels. Despite its high cost, it is a promising new approach to the treatment of FH.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Cutaneous localizations of disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum histoplasmosis in a case of acquired immunodeficiency].

A widespread maculo-papular cutaneous rash appeared on a HIV-positive young bisexual Cambodian man. He was treated for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pneumocystis carinii infections. He had been residing in France for seven years. Histology showed, within the dermis, abundant extracellular and intramacrophagic yeast-like organisms suggestive of histoplasmosis. Cultured specimens produced a growth of colonies after three weeks on Sabouraud 4 p. 100 dextrose agar at 25 degrees C. Numerous macroconidia were found which made the species diagnosis of Histoplasma capsulatum possible. Despite initiation of therapy with amphotericin B the patient died. Cutaneous involvement with or without specific features is uncommon in disseminated histoplasmosis. The specific cutaneous lesions are protean. They rarely are the presenting sign of initial infection. Disseminated histoplasmosis has a poor prognosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: amphotericin B is not curative. Maintenance suppressive therapy with ketoconazole has been recommended following amphotericin B completion, although break-through has been reported.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

[Interference with lipid metabolism by various antihypertensive agents: facts and hypotheses].

In view of their effectiveness and safety, beta-blockers and diuretics have become first-line drugs in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Several studies performed over the last few years have elicited undesirable effects of these drugs on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. These changes probably have the same significance as regards the arterial risk as primary or secondary alterations of lipoproteins. In contrast, vasodilators acting by alpha-blockade probably have a favourable effect on lipid metabolism. It therefore seems reasonable, whenever these drugs are prescribed, to carry out regular evaluations of plasma lipids, notably in young subjects to identify those who partly lose the benefit of this treatment owing to a significant degradation of their blood lipid profile. Future epidemiological studies and therapeutic trials should show whether this attitude is right or wrong, their primary objective being to answer the question: do some anti-hypertensive drugs increase, in some subjects, the coronary risk?

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

Effects of two antihypertensive agents on lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins A and B. Comparison of prazosin and atenolol.

To compare the effects of prazosin and atenolol on plasma lipid concentrations, 60 patients with arterial hypertension (diastolic 90 to 120 mm Hg, systolic 160 to 200 mm Hg) were allocated at random to one of two treatment groups. The lipid profile included the determination of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by ultracentrifugation, and assays of apoproteins A1 and B by laser immunonephelometry. Determinations were performed 30 days before and on the first, 90th, and 180th days of treatment. Both drugs had similar reducing effects on blood pressure. A significant decrease in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoprotein B, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 were observed in patients receiving prazosin, whereas patients receiving atenolol exhibited opposite changes in plasma lipids. Although the clinical significance of these findings is uncertain, such metabolic effects should be taken into account when evaluating the risk/benefit ratio of antihypertensive treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Effect on lipids, lipoproteins and apoproteins of labetalol prescribed in doses of 400 mg/day in hypertensive patients. Double-blind versus placebo study].

The effects of labetalol on plasma lipoprotein metabolism were evaluated in a 3-month double-blind drug versus placebo study conducted on 30 consenting hypertensive patients, 15 of whom had normal plasma lipid levels and 15, minor type II hyperlipoproteinaemia; 20 patients received labetalol 400 mg/day and 10 the placebo. All patients remained in stable nutritional status throughout the study. Full clinical examination and blood sampling were carried out 30 days before, and on days 0, 30 and 90 of treatment. Whole blood was collected after 12 hours' fasting and immediately centrifuged prior to determination of plasma lipids (total cholesterol and triglycerides, by enzymatic assay), lipoprotein lipids (HDL, HDL2, HDL3, LDL, VLDL separated by ultracentrifugation in density gradient), apoproteins A1 and B (by laser immunonephelometry) and post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity (PHLA). Significant changes in heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were noted in patients under labetalol but not in patients under placebo. Lipid and apolipoprotein levels were similar in both groups on day 0, and no significant variation in lipids, lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins were observed after 30 and 90 days of treatment with either labetalol or the placebo. At the end of treatment PHLA was unmodified in the group under placebo and raised in the group under labetalol (p = 0.05). The absence of changes in blood lipid values was found both in patients with normal lipidemia and in those with hyperlipidaemia. This study confirms that labetalol in doses of 400 mg/day has notable anti-hypertensive activity and, as previously reported and in contrast with other beta-blocking agents, is devoid of any adverse effect on lipid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Phlebitis of the arm. Apropos of 45 cases].

We report in this retrospective study the data of 45 patients presenting with deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremities. This includes: 22 phlebitis due to strains, 3 traumatic phlebitis, 3 phlebitis combined with an adjacent injury, 7 phlebitis following endovenous therapeutic procedures and 10 spontaneous phlebitis (4 during adjacent medical pathologies), 3 pulmonary embolisms, including a septic one are thus demonstrated. No patient died. The follow-up date of 12 patients out of 32 exhibiting a spontaneous phlebitis or phlebitis due to a thoracic outlet syndrome have been documented: 25 p. 100 of them still presented with severe injuries. All patients underwent heparin therapy, but no fibrinolytic. A surgical procedure of the thoracic outlet syndrome was performed, when liable to the disease. Data of this series was then compared with those of previous reports on the subject.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Pseudophlebitis of the lower limbs. A critical study from 102 suspected cases of deep venous thrombosis].

Clinical diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis appears as uneasy, because of inconstant and non-specific symptoms. When studying a phlebitis, the risk to diagnose venous thrombosis is over 50 p. 100. This review of 102 patients, supposed to present with phlebitis, confirms such data. The diagnosis reliability depends mainly on the physician's experience. Examination and clinical research, combined with Doppler data make possible to perform a good diagnosis in 4 cases out of 5. However, in 20 p. 100, phlebography is strongly required, appearing as an essential examination. Analysis of epidemiologic and clinical data demonstrates the importance of certain data as for the diagnosis: female sex, age superior to 60 years, existence of two antecedents and/or a cardiopathy, a complex clinical picture might demonstrate a diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. Post-phlebitic syndrome and skin infectious pathologies are the main pseudophlebitis etiologies. Popliteal cyst (often mentioned in English literature as a pseudophlebitis factor) is diagnosed in 11 p. 100 of cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparative evaluation of the effects of ciprofibrate and fenofibrate on lipids, lipoproteins and apoproteins A and B.

In a double-blind study over a 3-month period, a daily dose of 100 mg ciprofibrate, prescribed in a single administration and a daily dose of 300 mg fenofibrate, prescribed in 3 administrations, significantly reduced the mean values of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol, apoprotein B (P less than 0.001) and increased the mean values of HDL cholesterol (P less than 0.01) and total apoprotein A (P less than 0.05). The study, followed-up as an open trial using higher doses (100 or 200 mg/day ciprofibrate, 400 mg/day fenofibrate) tried to demonstrate clearly the benefit of therapy after 9 months with the 2 drugs and to establish the dose-response effects. Comparison of the 2 drugs at the optimal dosages, after 9 months of treatment, showed ciprofibrate to be more effective in increasing HDL cholesterol (P less than 0.05) and apo A (P less than 0.001). No other significant differences in terms of either therapeutic efficacy or biological tolerance became apparent between the 2 drugs. The results obtained in this comparative study were in accordance to those observed in separate trials for ciprofibrate or fenofibrate. Ciprofibrate has the benefit of a long half-life and may also be administered in the form of a single daily dose to patients suffering from major type II hyperlipoproteinaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative study of the effects of prazosin and atenolol on plasma lipids of hypertensive patients].

In order to investigate comparatively the effects of prazosin and atenolol on plasma lipid concentrations, 60 patients from two centres, presenting with arterial hypertension (diastolic 90-120 mmHg, systolic 160-200 mmHg), were allocated at random to one or the other of these drugs. The lipid profile, stable during the period of observation, included total cholesterol and triglycerides, study by ultracentrifugation, and assays of apoproteins A1 and B by laser immunonephelometry. Determinations were performed 30 days before, and on the 1st, 90 th and 180 th days of treatment. Both drugs had similar lowering effects on blood pressure. A significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and apoprotein B and an increase in HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 were observed in patients under prazosin, whereas patients under atenolol exhibited opposite variations in plasma lipids. Although the clinical significance of these findings is uncertain, such metabolic effects should be taken into account when evaluating the risk/benefit ratio of antihypertensive treatments.

Atenolol↗
PubMed1985

[Sea-blue histiocytes and storage diseases. 3 cases].

"Sea-blue" with prominent blue granules on Giemsa staining have been described in many diseases. The authors report three cases of storage diseases, in which these particular cells have been found. The significance and pathogenesis of "sea-blue" histiocytes are discussed.

Adult↗