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Biomedical subjects

J Royce

Publications and source records attributed to J Royce.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

A self-help smoking cessation program for inner-city African Americans: results from the Harlem Health Connection Project.

The authors develop and test a culturally sensitive, low-intensity smoking cessation intervention for low-socioeconomic African Americans. African American adult smokers were randomly assigned to receive either a multicomponent smoking cessation intervention comprising a printed guide, a video, and a telephone booster call or health education materials not directly addressing tobacco use. The results of the study were mixed. Although no significant effects were observed for the entire treatment cohort, the results of post hoc analyses suggest that culturally sensitive self-help smoking cessation materials plus a single phone contact can produce short-term cessation rates similar to those reported for majority populations. This conclusion should be tempered by the low completion rate for the booster call and several design limitations of the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Smokers' baseline characteristics in the COMMIT trial.

BACKGROUND: Baseline telephone survey data from 10 COMMIT sites were submitted to statistical analyses to compare the smoking characteristics of non-Hispanic white (white), non-Hispanic black (black), Mexican-origin (Mexican), and Puerto Rican-origin (Puerto Rican) smokers. RESULTS: White men and women were more likely to be classified as "heavy smokers" than members of other racial/ethnic groups, although black and Puerto Rican smokers were more likely than whites to increase their smoking rates on weekends. Whites were less likely to report stopping smoking in the past. White and Mexican smokers were most likely to smoke light or ultralight brands and least likely to smoke menthol cigarettes. Blacks were most likely to report smoking their first cigarette of the day within 10 min of waking. CONCLUSION: The differences and similarities among different groups of smokers may have important implications for understanding patterns of tobacco-related disease in smokers from different racial/ethnic and sex groups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of a multicomponent smoking cessation project: what worked and why.

BACKGROUND: Health promotion interventions often contain several, conceptually diverse elements. As a result, it is often difficult to determine why interventions succeed or fail as well as which components should be retained or eliminated. One method to examine the effectiveness of individual intervention elements is process analysis. METHODS: Kick It! is a multicomponent smoking cessation intervention developed for lower socioeconomic African Americans. The intervention includes several components, including a 24-page printed cessation manual, a staged-cessation video, a quit contract, two "Quit and Win" contests, and a single telephone booster call. Using data from a randomized intervention trial designed to test the efficacy of the Kick It! intervention, this article examines the use, impact, and interaction of the intervention's subcomponents as well as possible mediating variables related to successful quitting among intervention participants (n = 650). RESULTS: In univariate as well as multivariate analyses adjusting for age and stage of change, two of the five elements, watching the video and entering a Quit and Win contest, were significantly associated with 6-month point prevalence abstinence. Submitting a quit contract and receiving the booster call were significantly associated with quitting in univariate analyses, while reading the Kick It! guide was not significantly associated with quitting in either analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the positive effects observed for individual elements, quitting was not significantly greater among intervention relative to comparison subjects. The primary reason for this appears to be the overall lack of intervention use. Additional research examining strategies to increase use of the Kick It! intervention components as well as the optimal sequencing and combination of components may be warranted.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a smoking cessation program for pregnant minority women.

The purpose of this project was to develop and test culturally appropriate, low literacy, smoking cessation intervention materials designed to increase quit rates and prevent relapse postpartum for low-income African American and Hispanic women. A quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design was used. Four Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinic sites in south and central Los Angeles were identified, pair-matched based on ethnic mix, and randomized to intervention (2 sites) or control status (2 sites). Participants were 18 years of age or older and either current or exsmokers (stopped smoking in the past year). The intervention group received the "Time for a Change: A Program for Healthy Moms and Babies" program including a 15-minute one-to-one counseling session and self-help guide, incorporating behavior-change strategies, booster postcard, and incentive contest. All materials were designed to match the cultural, language, and literacy needs of the target population. The smoking cessation intervention had a positive impact on both quit-smoking behavior during pregnancy and relapse prevention postpartum. Almost twice as many smokers in the intervention group (43%) reported quitting smoking at 9 months, compared to the control group (25%) (P < 0.01). At 6 weeks postpartum, 25% of the intervention baseline smokers were abstinent, compared to 12% of the control group (P < 0.01). Although no significant differences were observed for relapse during pregnancy among exsmokers at 6 weeks postpartum, a significantly higher proportion of intervention exsmokers were still abstinent (79%), compared to control exsmokers (62%) (P < 0.01). For the exsmokers, relapse prevention rates remained significant when adjusted for cotinine validated abstinence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗