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Biomedical subjects

J Ruiz Contreras

Publications and source records attributed to J Ruiz Contreras.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Treatment of acute epiglottitis].

We analyze 13 children between 1 and 3 years old (mean: 24.6 +/- 6.5 months), who were diagnosed (by direct or radiological examination) of epiglottitis. Seven were male. All of them had fever and respiratory distress. Six blood cultures (46%) were positive for Hemophilus Influenzae, and in 5 cases were resistant to beta-lactamases. Diagnose was made by radiology (70%) or by direct examination (30%). Five patients were not intubated (38%), with a favorable outcome. One died after a cardiorespiratory arrest due to self-extubation. We describe in this study our experience in the conservative treatment of epiglotitis, although initial nasotracheal intubation is the safest method for the management of this entity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Spanish Pediatric Association. Madrid. Human immunodeficiency virus infection. Spanish multicenter study].

The results of an epidemiological survey in Spain organized by the "Spanish Pediatric Association" of children born to HIV+ mothers from 1981-1989 are presented. The objectives were, a) to document in the different parts of Spain the number of HIV+ children born to HIV+ mothers, and b) to identify the risk factors involved in the HIV infection. Only in public hospitals, a total of 1938 HIV+ children born to HIV+ mothers were identified. A systematic yearly increase of HIV+ newborns was evident since 1985. Madrid, Catalonia, Valencia, Basq and Andalucia communities incorporated 85% of all cases. 93% of mothers were IVDU and 51% of them were married. Prematurity occurred in 27% of cases and low birth weight in 33% of NB's. The rate of transmission in children over 18 months of age was 25.6% Breast feeding could be a risk factor in the transmission of HIV infection observed in children over 18 months of age. No other maternal risk factors responsible for the HIV transmission were identified. 12% of children died with AIDS. Clinical classification and evolution of HIV infection did not significantly differ from similar studies in other parts of the world. In spite of only public hospitals being involved, Spain has more identified HIV+ children than Italy, Switzerland, Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom, Sweden and Belgium combined. The pediatric centres with large number of cases require interdisciplinary pediatric specialized units to cope with the increase demand of medical services, now inadequate and insufficient. To fight drug use and HIV infection in Spain, health education and family support, are indispensable in trying to arrest the continuous spread the HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

[Extrarespiratory manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection].

Three patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, documented by CF antibody titers greater than 128, developed severe extrapulmonary manifestations. Two of them had a Stevens-Johnson syndrome seven and two days after the beginning of respiratory symptoms and the third a demyelinating polyradicyloneuropathy three weeks later. One of the patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and serious respiratory involvement also had hemolytic anemia associated with a cold agglutinins titer of 128. Authors determined lymphocytes subpopulations in one of the cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and in the patient with polyradiculoneuropathy. In both of them they found a reduced number of T-helper lymphocytes, and in the patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome an increase in suppressor T cells was also demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effectiveness and duration of the immunity of the vaccine against serogroup A+C meningococcus].

BACKGROUND: In 1995 the Community of Madrid detected an increase in the number of cases of meningococcal disease caused by serogroup C. In 1997 a mass vaccination campaign was carried out in relation to the population between 18 months and 19 years of age. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the immune response produced by the vaccine and its relationship to the age of the subjects. METHODS: A sample group of 1,003 children vaccinated during the campaign was selected. A blood sample was extracted prior to vaccination and after one, six (only a under 5 years old) and twelve months had transpired. In order to assess the immune response, the levels of bactericidal and total antibodies were measured. RESULTS: The prevalence of seroconversion measured by bactericidal antibodies is 89.6%. The response is low in children under 3 (34.8%), increases with age and, from 7 years on, surpasses the 90% mark. After 6 months, the prevalence of protective levels in children under 5 years of age drops noticeably (31.3%). After one year, the prevalence drops significantly, particularly in children under 7 years of age. The proportion of individuals with total antibody response after one month is over 90%, and remains high after one year in all of the age groups (97.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The response measured by means of total antibodies contradicts the clinical response to the vaccination and the measurement by means of bactericidal antibodies underestimates the protection if it is compared with the results of vaccinal efficacy, for which reason, we need to search for biological indicators that would correlate adequately with the clinical response following immunisation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Natural history of HIV infection in the child].

The evolution of HIV infection acquired by vertical transmission is more rapid in children than in adults. Mean survival ranges from 75 to 90 months and only 70% of children reach the age of 6. The natural history has two different patterns. Approximately 15-20% of the children develop severe immunodeficiency with opportunist infections and encephalopathy in the first year of life and die within the first three years. In the remaining 80-85%, the progression of the disease is slower and they live for several years. It has been postulated that the first group is constituted by cases of intrauterine transmission, whereas transmission is closer to birth in the second group. Aside from the moment of transmission, other factors--maternal, infant, and viral--influence the evolution of the disease. There is a direct relation between the severity of maternal disease and the risk that the child will acquire opportunist infections or die in the early years of life. The evolution of the disease also depends on clinical manifestations. The development of opportunist infections, encephalopathy, and delayed height and weight gain are associated with rapid progression, whereas lymphoid interstitial pneumonia and parotitis are associated with a slower progression. Viral load probably is the factor that best predicts the course of infection, although the load values associated with slow or rapid progression have not been clearly defined. However, it is evident that the lower the viral load, the lower the risk of infection. Although the viral load may be undetectable at birth, it rapidly reaches very high values, higher than in adults. Moreover, the state of equilibrium may take several years to attain. In any case, a linear relation cannot be established between viral load and the risk of progression, so other markers must be evaluated, such as CD4.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗