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Biomedical subjects

J Russo

Publications and source records attributed to J Russo.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Influence of age and gland topography on cell kinetics of normal human breast tissue.

It has been determined in experimental animal models that the susceptibility of the mammary gland to chemically induced carcinogenesis is directly related to the rate of cell proliferation of the gland at the time of carcinogen exposure and inversely related to its degree of differentiation. Cell proliferation, in turn, depends on the topographic location of cells within the mammary gland tree and is modulated by age, among other factors. To determine whether age and gland topography similarly influence cell kinetic parameters in the breast of human females, the following study was done. Fifteen samples of normal human breast tissue were obtained from areas adjacent to histopathologically proved benign lesions. Tissue fragments were incubated in organ culture dishes containing [3H]thymidine ([3H]dThd) and processed for DNA labeling index (DNA-LI), length of cell cycle (Tc), and growth fraction (GF) determination; double labeling with [3H]dThd and [14C]thymidine was used for length of the S-phase determination. The mean values obtained revealed that both DNA-LI and GF were lower, with a concomitant lengthening of G1 and Tc in older women than in young women. The correlation of these values with the gland's topography revealed that in both young and older women, the highest GF and DNA-LI were observed in intralobular terminal ducts, decreasing in alveoli and ducts.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Panic disorder. Spectrum of severity and somatization.

One hundred++ ninety-five primary care patients were screened for panic disorder utilizing the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) as well as four additional questions that screened for core autonomic symptoms of panic disorder. A spectrum of severity of panic disorder was found. A subgroup of patients, labeled in the study as having simple panic, was found to have anxiety attacks associated with four or more autonomic symptoms, but they did not meet DSM-III recurrence criteria (three anxiety attacks within a 3-week period). Compared to primary care patients without panic attacks, patients with both simple panic and panic disorder exhibited multiple phobias, avoidance behavior, a high lifetime risk of major depression, and elevated scores on self-rating scales of anxiety and depression. The four autonomic screening questions that the authors added to the DIS interview increased the sensitivity of the DIS in identifying patients with panic disorder. Patients with panic disorder who selectively focus on their frightening autonomic symptoms may not be identified by screen questions that only focus on the cognitive awareness of anxiety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effects of peptides and steroid hormones on cell kinetic parameters of normal human breast tissue in organ culture.

Several studies have shown the importance of different hormones in the regulation of mammary tissue growth. The use of organ culture techniques has shown tremendous value for the knowledge of cell proliferation in human breast tissue. Therefore, the purpose of these studies was to analyze the length of the cell cycle, DNA-labeling index, mitotic index, and growth fraction under the effects of insulin, hydrocortisone, and 17-beta estradiol in 5-d organ culture. Normal tissues obtained from patients who underwent breast surgery for benign lesions were individually cultured at 37 degrees C (95% air: 5% CO2 in Medium 199). Autoradiographic studies indicated that the hormones shortened the length of cell cycle of normal breast tissue in 5-d organ cultures. From the growth fraction studies we concluded that the hormones may have stimulated the cells to reenter the cell cycle from Go because these values were increased by the hormones used. Estrogen can alter the S phase duration with a consequent increase in the rate of DNA synthesis which may explain the high DNA-labeling index observed in the present studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Enamel demineralization by acid produced from endogenous substrate in oral streptococci.

Bovine enamel blocks were covered by a bacterial cell mass and held in the mouths of human volunteers by a palatal appliance, to study the effects of acid production from endogenous bacterial substrate on the pH of the mass and on enamel demineralization. Variables were cells with and without endogenous substrate, rinsing with 10 per cent glucose or sucrose solution, or no rinsing and the type of organism. Acid production from endogenous substrate by Streptococcus mutans strain IB-1600, due, at least in part, to intracellular glycogen degradation, caused a marked and prolonged pH drop and significant enamel demineralization. A similar but less marked effect was obtained with a strain of Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus. Thus acid production from endogenous sources by plaque bacteria may be of importance in the aetiology of dental caries.

Acids↗
PubMed1986

Functional decline in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.

At present most reports of functional decline in patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are anecdotal, and few studies have objectively documented the course of the disease. This is a report of a 2-year follow-up of 15 AD patients characterized by mild functional impairment, and 22 age-, sex-, and education-matched control subjects. In a previous cross-sectional study of these 37 subjects and 16 AD patients with moderate functional impairment, we found that measures of memory and attention deficits accounted for much of the impairment observed in functional competence. The current longitudinal study found that these same initial assessments could be used to predict functional decline in the 15 mildly impaired patients. These patients were observed to decline to levels similar to those of the 16 moderate patients. In contrast, the control subjects exhibited little decline during the same period. These results both affirm that it is possible to diagnose AD in its mild form and demonstrate the validity of the initial diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Variable colonization by oral streptococci in molar fissures of monoinfected gnotobiotic rats.

Germfree Sprague-Dawley rats, fed a high-sucrose diet, were monoinfected with strains of Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus mutans. Viable cell recoveries from six molar teeth, considered to reflect mainly bacterial colonization of intact fissures, were in the order of 10(6), 10(7), and 10(8) CFU, respectively. Some of the implications of the variation of bacterial plaque-forming ability in the rat model are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The intra-oral effect on enamel demineralization of extracellular matrix material synthesized from sucrose by Streptococcus mutans.

The role of extracellular matrix material (EMM) synthesized from sucrose (S) by Streptococcus mutans IB-1600 in altering the demineralizing potential of artificial plaque was evaluated with an intraoral enamel demineralization test (IEDT). The artificial plaque samples were prepared from cells cultivated in Todd-Hewitt broth (THB) supplemented with various S concentrations and by mixing THB-grown cells with increasing proportions of EMM (heat-killed THB + 2% S-cultivated cells). The samples were also evaluated for cell density (DNA content) and acidogenicity in vitro (pH-stat), as well as for in situ pH changes during a 45-minute intra-oral test following a 10% glucose rinse. An increase in the proportion of EMM relative to cell density was associated with an increase in enamel demineralization. This trend reversed when the ratio of cells to EMM was less than 1:19. Experiments involving strains of S. mitis, S. sanguis, and S. salivarius suggested a similar effect of EMM. The intra-oral pH data suggest that the presence of EMM may enhance demineralization by altering diffusion properties of plaque.

Acids↗
PubMed1986

From pathogenesis to hormone prevention of mammary carcinogenesis.

The study of an experimental model, the induction of breast carcinomas by administration of the chemical carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) to virgin rats, has allowed us to determine that the susceptibility of the mammary gland to a carcinogen depends upon its degree of differentiation at the time of exposure. The mostly undifferentiated gland of young virgin rats is highly susceptible due to the high proliferative rate of the terminal ductal structures or terminal end buds (TEBs), ready for differentiation into alveolar buds (ABs) which avidly bind the carcinogen. Complete differentiation through a full-term pregnancy renders the gland resistant to carcinogenesis due to the replacement of TEBs by lobules whose epithelium has a low proliferative rate and low DMBA binding. Although pregnancy is the most complete stimulus, differentiating the highly susceptible TEBs of the virgin female into more resistant lobules, administration of certain pituitary, ovarian or placental hormones considerably modifies the mammary gland structure, thus influencing its response to chemical carcinogenesis. The observation that contraceptive agents administered for a short period of time also exert a protective effect allows us to postulate that this model could be developed as a protocol for breast cancer prevention.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1986

Panic disorder: epidemiology in primary care.

One hundred ninety-five patients in a primary care practice were screened with the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule, a structured psychiatric interview, so that the epidemiology of panic disorder could be studied. Thirteen percent of the patients met criteria described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 3 (DSM-III) for panic disorder (6.7 percent if the DSM-III exclusionary criteria are used). An additional 8.7 percent of patients, labeled in the study as having simple panic, had four or more autonomic symptoms of panic disorder but did not meet DSM-III criteria (three panic attacks in a three-week period). Compared with controls, patients with panic disorder or simple panic had a significantly higher lifetime risk of major depression, multiple phobias, and avoidance behavior and higher scores on their psychological distress scales. Patients with panic disorder and simple panic often misinterpreted their symptoms as being due to a physical illness and had significantly higher scores on the somatization scale of the SCL-90 and on a medical review of symptoms than did the controls with no panic disorder. It is important to diagnose panic disorder accurately because double-blind placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated the efficacy of psychopharmacologic treatments, including tricyclic antidepressants (notably imipramine and desipramine), the high-potency benzodiazepine (alprazolam) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (phenelzine). Primary care physicians, by screening patients with complaints of tension and anxiety, as well as multiple unexplained somatic complaints for panic disorder, may be able to reduce somatic preoccupation and disease phobia by instituting effective therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Seasonal variation in tumor size at diagnosis and immunologic responses in human breast cancer.

Seasonal variations were observed in tumor size and a number of immunologic responses among patients entered in the Breast Cancer Prognostic Study. A significantly larger number of cases were diagnosed with smaller tumors, less than 2 cm, during December through February. It was also noted that elevated inflammatory reactions were seen in breast tumors removed during November, December and January. Seasonal changes were also observed in the serum IgM and IgE concentrations at the time of the patient's mastectomy. Elevated fall-winter leukocyte migration inhibition response to MCF-7 extracts correlated with the same seasonal elevations observed with serum IgM response. Implications of seasonal variation as a reflection of immune events are considered.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1985

Transmission of the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans to young Macaca fascicularis monkeys from human nursery attendants.

Streptococcus mutans was detected in the mouths of 2 out of 7 infant monkeys that had been delivered by caesarian section and nursery-reared without contact with their mothers or other monkeys. Their human nursery attendants all harboured Strep. mutans biotype c (c serotype) as found in the monkeys. Bacteriocin studies also indicated similarity between the animal and human isolates. These findings suggest that the infant monkeys acquired Strep. mutans from the nursery personnel. Evidence for the reverse transmission of enterococci, from monkeys to man was also obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced DNA binding and repair synthesis by rat mammary epithelial cells.

The administration of the placental hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) to 50-day-old virgin Sprague--Dawley rats has been shown to reduce the incidence of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer. We now report from studies using rat mammary epithelial cells in culture that the anti-carcinogenic effect of HCG may be related to its effect on DNA binding of DMBA and on DNA repair. The results showed that the level of excision repair in cells derived from young virgin (YV) rats grown in the presence of HCG (10 units/ml) was 2.5-4.0 times higher than the level exhibited by control YV cells and 1.5-2.5 times over that obtained for cells from old virgin and parous rats. The effect of HCG on DMBA-DNA binding was also determined in YV cells cultured in the presence of HCG (10 units/ml). Results from this study indicated that DMBA-DNA binding was inhibited by 30-40% in HCG-treated cells as compared to control cells. DNA binding of DMBA was also determined with mammary epithelial cells from YV rats which were given subcutaneous injections of HCG (5 units/rat) 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Using this in vivo-in vitro protocol, DMBA-DNA binding was 17-51% lower in cells from HCG-treated rats than in cells derived from control saline-treated rats. These results suggest that the protective effect provided by HCG against DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis may be attributed to its ability to inhibit binding of the carcinogen to mammary cell DNA and to its ability to increase the level of excision repair in the cells.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1985

Effect of oral nutrient limitation of gnotobiotic rats on acidogenic properties of dental plaque formed by oral streptococci.

The acid production rate of dental plaque, formed by different streptococci in gnotobiotic rats fed a high sucrose diet or starved for seven or eight days, was determined in vitro. Starvation had no appreciable effect on acid production. This supports the idea that the small pH-lowering ability of plaque of caries-free or stomach tube-fed people in whom exposure of the teeth to fermentable carbohydrate is relatively low or negligible results from a change in the bacterial population rather than a change in the rate of acid production by an unaltered flora.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Racial differences in breast cancer patients.

One thousand seventy-eight patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer were examined for racial differences in histopathologic and clinical parameters. There were no observed differences in tumor histopathologic type or tumor endocrine status between races. There were no differences with respect to time to breast tumor recurrence observed between black and white patients. However, differences were observed in factors that contributed to tumor stage at diagnosis and to tumor grade. Survival differences observed in univariant analysis of blacks vs. whites were explainable by the presence of more severe skin involvement, tumor grade, and tumor size at diagnosis in the black patients.

Black People↗
PubMed1985

Presurgical serum immunoglobulin concentrations and the prognosis of operable breast cancer in women.

Serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and allergen-specific IgE were measured in presurgical serum samples from 400 women admitted to a multidisciplinary study of primary breast cancer. The relationships between the serum immunoglobulins and patient survival were analyzed with the use of a Cox proportional hazards linear model. After adjustment for TNM stage, tumor histopathologic grade, and estrogen receptor (E2R) status, lower IgM concentrations were associated with longer survival. Lower IgE concentrations were also associated with longer survival, but only in patients whose tumors were E2R positive. IgG and IgA were not related to survival. Serum IgM and IgE concentrations, allergen-specific IgE scores, and the tumor E2R status were combined to construct a three-level risk classification that was more prognostic than any of the individual components. Cox model analysis demonstrated that this combination of immunologic and hormonal variables provided significant new information beyond that obtained from TNM staging and histopathologic grading of the tumors (P = .01). This new information may be useful to physicians in advising patients with primary, operable breast cancer about the relative risks and benefits of adjuvant therapy and in designing clinical trials of adjuvant therapy.

Breast Neoplasms↗