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Biomedical subjects

J S Apple

Publications and source records attributed to J S Apple.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Cervical spine fractures and dislocations in children.

A retrospective analysis of pediatric admissions over 10 years revealed 29 patients with cervical spine injuries. Eleven patients were below 12 years of age, and 10 of these had injuries involving C1, C2, or the occipitoatlantal articulation. Eighteen patients were between 12 and 16 years of age with injuries distributed throughout the cervical spine similar to injuries in the adult population. Our results suggest that teenagers with suspected cervical injuries are best evaluated by an adult radiographic series including trauma oblique views. In younger patients, careful evaluation of occipitoatlantoaxial alignment and the prevertebral soft tissues is required for diagnosis and selection of additional imaging evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Occult carpal pathology: tomographic evaluation.

Pluridirectional tomography in coronal and sagittal planes has been used to identify occult carpal pathology in 23 patients with chronic wrist pain following recent or remote trauma. The tomographic studies have detected or further defined the carpal pathology in 22 of the 23 patients studied adding useful information concerning their clinical management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Digital subtraction arthrography of the prosthetic hip.

Digital subtraction techniques are easily adapted to the evaluation of loosening in total hip prostheses, allowing real time review of injection dynamics and data manipulation after the study. We have successfully used both standard radiographic and digital imaging techniques in the evaluation of 15 prosthetic hip joints. The digital results are comparable to and often better than those of standard radiographic techniques for the evaluation of loosening in total hip prostheses.

Arthrography↗
PubMed1985

Advanced prostatic carcinoma: pulmonary manifestations.

To clarify the role of standard chest radiography in prostatic adenocarcinoma, the pulmonary manifestations of 198 patients with Stage D disease were evaluated. All patients were treated with chemotherapeutic protocols allowing for adequate clinical and radiographic correlation. Retrospective interpretation of serial chest radiographs revealed that 35% of our patients had visible intrathoracic abnormalities; however, only 24% of the patients had abnormalities attributable to intrathoracic metastases. Twenty-two percent of patients had pleural effusions, 16% reticular opacities, 3.5% reticulonodular opacities, 8% isolated or discrete pulmonary nodules, and 4.5% adenopathy. Etiologies of these opacities included metastatic disease in 93.5% of those with adenopathy and nodular or reticulonodular opacities, but 39% of pleural effusions and 52% of reticular opacities were best attributed to concomitant processes. Four patients had intrathoracic metastases without bone metastases. Standard chest radiography is a valuable screening procedure that should be correlated with clinical data to differentiate metastases from concomitant processes.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

A comparison of Hexabrix and Renografin-60 in knee arthrography.

Forty patients were randomized in a double-blind study to compare the safety and diagnostic quality of Hexabrix vs. Renografin-60 without epinephrine in knee arthrography. Hexabrix is a monoacidic dimer of meglumine and sodium salts of ioxaglic acid with a lower osmolality than conventional contrast agents of similar concentration (32% iodine). Initial films were of equally high diagnostic quality for both groups, but delayed films at 20 and 30 min significantly favored Hexabrix for diagnostic quality. Hexabrix proved to be a safe and effective contrast agent for knee arthrography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography of the hindfoot.

Computed tomography defines the anatomy and pathology of the talus, the calcaneus, and intervening joints better than conventional modalities. It enhances the understanding and diagnosis of the various musculoskeletal disorders affecting those structures. As a result, the clinical and surgical management is improved.

Ankle↗
PubMed1984

Klebsiella pneumoniae arthritis of the hip in a diabetic patient.

Chronic debilitating diseases may predispose to various joint infections, but early diagnosis of septic arthritis of the hip may be difficult. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an organism uncommonly found in joint infections. We have reviewed the literature on Klebsiella pneumoniae septic arthritis and described a case of a diabetic patient who had severe destruction of the hip joint over a six-month interval due to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1984

Protrusio acetabuli in sickle-cell anemia.

Of 155 adults with sickle-cell anemia (SS, SC), radiographs of the pelvis or hip demonstrated protrusio acetabuli on at least one side in 14 (3 men and 11 women), as indicated by projection of the acetabular line medial to the ilio-ischial line by greater than or equal to 3 mm in men and greater than or equal to 6 mm in women. All 14 patients had bone changes attributable to sickle-cell anemia, including marrow hyperplasia and osteonecrosis; however, the severity of femoral or acetabular osteonecrosis did not appear directly related to the protrusion. The authors conclude that sickle-cell anemia can predispose to development of protrusio acetabuli.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1983

Occult fractures of the knee: tomographic evaluation.

Seven adults with painful effusions of the knee were examined for occult fractures using pluridirectional tomography in the coronal and lateral planes. Six patients (ages 50-82 years) were osteopenic and gave histories ranging from none to mild trauma; one 26-year-old man was not osteopenic and had severe trauma. In all cases, routine radiographs were interpreted as negative, but tomography demonstrated a fracture. Five fractures were subchondral. Bone scans in 2 patients were positive. The authors conclude that osteopenic patients with a painful effusion of the knee should be considered to have an occult fracture. While bone scans may be helpful, tomography is recommended as the procedure of choice to define the location and extent of the fracture.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Lateral view of facial fractures: new observations.

Traditional plain film evaluation of facial fractures includes a lateral view of the face. This projection is often not exploited to its full potential because the many overlapping shadows are perceived to detract from its usefulness. To assess the value of this view, the authors reviewed the later al facial films of 50 patients with a variety of fractures including 25 orbital blow-out fractures, 27 zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, and 17 maxillary (including Le Fort) fractures. Three observations were encountered: orbital floor displacement in 60% of orbital fractures; malar strut displacement in 41% of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures; and maxillary wall displacement in 76% of maxillary fractures. The presence of any of these structural displacements, either alone or in combination, provides further direct evidence of skeletal disruption and should serve to augment the findings observed on frontal views.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1982

Synovial plicae of the knee.

This report describes the anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical, and radiographic findings, and treatment of the synovial plicae of the knee joint. The suprapatellar plica is a synovial fold present in the suprapatellar pouch of the knee joint in approximately 20% of the population. This fold may become symptomatic after injury and cause symptoms similar to other common internal derangements of the knee. Double contrast arthrography of the knee can be used to identify the presence of plicae. Although arthrography can identify the presence of a plica, its clinical significance requires close correlation with symptoms and an accurate clinical examination.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Rat lung surfactant kinetics biochemical and morphometric correlation.

Biochemical and morphometric techniques were combined to estimate the distribution and flux or rat lung disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) in surfactant pathways. We found 126 +/- 8 X 10(6) alveolar epithelial type II (AEP II) cells per lung, each containing 150 +/- 30 lamellar bodies (LB). High yields of LB were isolated by centrifugation of lung homogenates with a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. Measurement of DSPC in LB and alveolar lavage (LV) material demonstrated that only 30% (LB 14%, LV 16%) of lung DSPC was present in these surfactant compartments. Radiolabeling of lung DSPC with [14C]palmitate demonstrated a product-precursor-relationship between LB and LV and a surfactant-associated DSPC flux of 90 microgram-lung-1 X h-1. We conclude that, although only 16% of lung DSPC is in an intracellular surfactant pathway at any time, all this DSPC is ultimately secreted onto the alveolar surface.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An unusual presentation of thyroid papillary carcinoma: enlargement of a cervical intervertebral foramen.

Isolated enlargement of the cervical intervertebral foramen is frequently associated with dumbbell neurogenic tumors. We present an unusual case of isolated enlargement of a cervical intervertebral foramen in a 77-year-old male with an aggressive papillary thyroid carcinoma. To our knowledge, this represents the first case describing a thyroid process as a cause of foraminal enlargement.

Aged↗