PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J S Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to J S Bailey.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Influence of coccidiosis on Salmonella colonization in broiler chickens under floor-pen conditions.

The influence of coccidiosis on colonization of Salmonella typhimurium in broiler chickens under floor pen conditions was studied by semiquantitative methods. Chickens of two groups, unmedicated and medicated with nicarbazin (125 ppm via the feed), were exposed to three species of Eimeria (Eimeria tenella, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria acervulina) at 2, 3, and 4 wk of age and given S. typhimurium in the feed 2 days later. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated most often (100%) from ceca of chickens exposed at 3 wk of age. Birds in the unmedicated group were positive for S. typhimurium at a higher rate than those in the medicated group. Salmonella typhimurium was detected in livers only in a few unmedicated birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Research note: in ovo administration of a competitive exclusion culture treatment to broiler embryos.

Exposure of chicks to salmonellae in the hatchery and hatchery environment limits the effectiveness of a competitive exclusion (CE) culture treatment. Therefore, in an attempt to apply treatment before chicks are exposed to salmonellae, the CE culture was introduced in ovo to unhatched embryos. An undefined, anaerobically grown CE culture, derived from cecal contents of healthy adult chickens, was diluted 1:1,000 or 1:1,000,000 and inoculated either into the air cell or beneath the inner air cell membrane of 17-day-old incubating hatching eggs. The treated chicks were more resistant than untreated chicks to varying challenge levels of Salmonella typhimurium, indicating that it may be possible to initiate protection of chicks to salmonellae challenge prior to hatching into a contaminated environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Extent of salmonellae contamination in breeder hatcheries.

Egg fragments, paper pads from chick boxes, and fluff samples were obtained from six commercial broiler breeder hatcheries and analyzed for the presence and level of salmonellae. Overall, 42 of 380 samples (11.1%) from those hatcheries were contaminated with salmonellae. Salmonellae organisms were detected in 22 of 145 (15.2%), 5 of 100 (4.6%), and 15 of 125 (12%) samples of egg fragments, fluff, and paper pads, respectively. The percentage salmonellae-positive samples from each of the six hatcheries were 1.3, 5.0, 22.5, 11.4, 36.0, and 4.3% respectively. Of the 140 samples randomly selected for enumeration, salmonellae were found in 11 samples. Four of these 11 samples had greater than 10(3) salmonellae per sample, 3 others had greater than 10(2) but less than 10(3), and the remaining 4 had less than 10(2). Salmonella serotypes isolated were S. berta, S. california, S. give, S. hadar, S. mbandaka, S. senftenberg, and S. typhimurium, all of which have previously been isolated from poultry. The incidence and extent of salmonellae-positive samples found in the breeder hatcheries were much less than that previously found in broiler hatcheries. Many factors contribute to the lower incidence and level of salmonellae found in the breeder hatcheries; however both the breeder and broiler hatcheries present critical control points in the prevention of salmonellae contamination during commercial poultry production. The cycle of salmonellae contamination will not likely be broken until contamination at these critical points is eliminated.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Simultaneous colonization of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium in day-old chicks.

Day-old chicks were challenged with Campylobacter jejuni or Salmonella typhimurium or both to assess the influence of these two bacteria upon the colonization of one another. Median colonization dose (CD50), a measure indicating the number of organisms required to colonize one-half of the challenged chickens, was used to assess the influence of these organisms upon the colonization of one another. Chicks were gavaged with serial dilutions of 1) C. jejuni, 2) S. typhimurium, 3) dilutions of C. jejuni and a fixed level of S. typhimurium, or 4) dilutions of S. typhimurium and a fixed level of C. jejuni. Six days postchallenge, cecal contents were quantitatively assayed for the challenge organisms. Birds challenged with only C. jejuni or birds challenged with both C. jejuni and S. typhimurium had a CD50 of 120 C. jejuni cells. The CD50 values for S. typhimurium alone (48 cells) and S. typhimurium simultaneously colonized with C. jejuni (180 cells) were not significantly different (P less than .05). The colonization levels of either organism were generally correlated with the challenge dose and ranged up to 63 million cells per gram. It was concluded that the CD50 for both C. jejuni and S. typhimurium in 24-h-old chicks were similar, and the presence of one of these particular co-colonizers does not influence the CD50 of the other.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Methods for inoculation and recovery of Salmonella from chicken eggs.

Various methods of applying inoculum and recovering low numbers of artificially inoculated Salmonella typhimurium on eggs were evaluated. Inoculation methods tested were suspending cells in 1) .85% saline; 2) 1% peptone; 3) sterile chicken fecal paste; or 4) a 1:10 dilution of chicken feces in .85% saline. Sampling methods tested were 1) shell and membrane massage; and 2) mortar and pestle grinding of shells and membranes. The method that yielded the best recovery of low numbers of Salmonella was as follows: 1) apply cell suspension in 1% peptone to egg; 2) sample egg by a hand crush and massage of shell and membranes in 50 mL of buffered peptone; 3) incubate shell and membranes in buffered peptone overnight and then plate onto selective agar. Methods that did not improve sensitivity of recovery included varying the inoculum drying time, addition of FeSO4 or Cleland's reagent to the recovery medium, and varying the temperature of the inoculum to affect penetration.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of fructooligosaccharide on Salmonella colonization of the chicken intestine.

The influence of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on the ability of Salmonella typhimurium to grow and colonize the gut of chickens was investigated. In vitro studies showed that Salmonella did not grow when FOS was the sole carbon source. When FOS was fed to chicks at the .375% level, little influence on Salmonella colonization was observed. At the .75% level, 12% fewer FOS-fed birds were colonized with Salmonella compared with control birds. When chicks given a partially protective competitive exclusion (CE) culture were fed diets supplemented with .75% FOS, only 4 of 21 (19%) chickens challenged with 10(9) Salmonella cells on Day 7 became colonized as compared with 14 of 23 (61%) chickens given CE alone. When chickens were stressed by feed and water deprivation on Day 13 and challenged with 10(9) Salmonella on Day 14, 33 of 36 (92%) chickens fed a control diet were colonized compared with only 9 of 36 (25%) chickens fed a .75% FOS diet. Chickens treated with FOS had a fourfold reduction in the level of Salmonella present in the ceca. Feeding FOS in the diet of chickens may lead to a shift in the intestinal gut microflora, and under some circumstances may result in reduced susceptibility to Salmonella colonization.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

Unique tissue distribution of two distinct cellular retinoic acid binding proteins in neonatal and adult rat.

Two different species of cellular retinoic acid binding proteins, CRABP-I and CRABP-II, have been found in neonatal rat pups (Bailey, J. S. and Siu, C.-H. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 9326-9332). In this report, we describe a sensitive radio-ligand binding assay for CRABP in crude tissue extracts. The assay makes use of anion-exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography which effectively separates CRABP-II from CRABP-I, thus permitting the simultaneous quantitation of these two proteins. The distribution CRABP-I and CRABP-II in various neonatal and adult tissues of the rat has been examined. CRABP-I is the predominant species of CRABP and is present in high levels in the brain, skin and testis. CRABP-II is apparently unique to the skin of neonatal animals and it becomes undetectable in adult skin. Interestingly, CRABP-II is detected at a significant level only in the adrenals of adult animals, while neonatal adrenals express only CRABP-I and not CRABP-II. CRABP-I is present in higher levels in most organs at the neonatal stage than in the adult.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1990

Listeria monocytogenes colonization of broiler chickens.

In three trials, a total of 108 broiler chickens were unchallenged or challenged orally with either 10(2) or 10(6) cells of Listeria monocytogenes at 1, 14, or 35 days of age. The birds were kept in separate wire-floored brooders and growout batteries, fed unmedicated broiler-starter rations ad libitum, and killed 7 days postchallenge. The ceca, duodenum, spleen, liver (including gall bladder), and a cloacal swab were sampled from each bird and were analyzed for the presence of L. monocytogenes. In Trial 1, L. monocytogenes was recovered on all sampling days, but most frequently from birds challenged when 1 day old. In Trials 2 and 3, recovery was only from birds challenged at 1 day of age. The L. monocytogenes organism was not recovered from any uninoculated control birds. There was a dose-related colonization response (10(6) greater than 10(2]; and more recoveries were obtained from the ceca, spleen, and cloacal swabs than from the duodenum and liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effects of pulmonary circulation on blood levels of insulin and glucagon in ambulant dogs.

The effect of the lung on insulin and glucagon were studied by comparing aortic and mixed venous levels in ambulant dogs with indwelling catheters. In the resting state ther was no difference for either hormone. After injection of insulin aortic levels exceeded mixed venous for 10 min; mixed venous levels exceeded aortic for the next 36 min. After injection of glucagon mixed venous levels consistently exceeded aortic. Single-pass studied showed an apparent gain in immunoreactive insulin as compared with [14C]inulin and 125I-albumin during passage through the lung; but no effect on glucagon could be demonstrated. A loss of immunoreactive hormone across the lung might be explained by degradation within the capillary lumen be endothelial cell surface peptidases or uptake onto specific receptors. The apparent gain of immunoreactive insulin across the lung might be due to displacement of immunoreactive exogenous hormone competing for receptor sites or modification of exogenous hormone by the lungs with increase in immunoreactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Phosphate and heat treatments to control Salmonella and reduce spoilage and rancidity on broiler carcasses.

Broiler chicken carcasses were inoculated with about 300 cells of a naladixic acid resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium, then treated for 3 min with highly agitated water with or without 6% phosphate added, at 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, or 90 C. Other broiler carcasses were inoculated with about 60 cells, then similarly treated at 65 or 70 C. All carcasses were chilled after the hot water treatment in a system simulating commerical chilling. When inoculum was 300 cells, at least 5% of the carcasses remained contaminated with Salmonella, even when hot water treatment was at 90 C. When inoculum was 60 cells, Salmonella were eliminated by hot water treatment at 65 or 70 C. Carcasses showed a partially cooked appearance after hot water treatment. Total bacterial counts on carcasses treated at 70 and 90 C, with or without added phosphate, and then chilled were lower than on control carcasses throughout storage at 2 C for up to 26 days. Phosphates did not consistently or significantly affect either Salmonella survival or total bacterial counts. Oxidative deterioration as measured by the thiobarbituric acid test was significantly retarded throughout 26 days of storage by the addition of 6% phosphate to a 70 or 90 C hot water treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Measuring client gains from staff-implemented programs.

Confidence in the adequacy with which staff implement training programs requires an analysis of the impact on the client. In two experiments, measures, were devised to reflect this impact. In the first, a measure of the consistency with which clients participated in a toilet-training program revealed their participation to be erratic. Consistent participation occurred after a public display of the consistency of participation was introduced. In Experiment II, detailed measures were devised to reflect the client's performance during the implementation of two physical-therapy programs: range-of-motion and ambulation. Additionally, standardized measures of the benefits that accrued from their participation in these programs were devised. Improvements in both measures were slight and unstable during a condition of immediate feedback (supervisor praise) to staff but substantial improvements were obtained with the addition of a public display of the client's performance.

Achievement↗
PubMed1977

The reduction of stealing in second graders using a group contingency.

Three clases of second graders served as subjects in this study of the effects of two types of intervention programs upon stealing: (1) an antistealing lecture with no specific contingency implied, and (2) a direct group contingency applied, whereby children were rewarded with (a) extra free time for no thefts, (b) allowed normal free time if stolen items were returned, and (c) punished with lost of free if stolen items were not returned. A multiple-baseline design across the three classes showed the group contingency to be effective in reducing stealing behavior; the anti-stealing lecture was ineffective.

Child↗