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Biomedical subjects

J S Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to J S Bailey.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Purification and characterization of a murine cellular retinoic acid-binding protein.

A cellular retinoic acid-binding protein from 1-day-old mouse pups has been purified to homogeneity. The isolation procedure included gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose, and chromatofocusing on PBE9-4 ion exchange resin. The chromatofocusing step was most useful in removing the major contaminants, which were otherwise difficult to remove. The binding protein was finally subjected to two cycles of high performance liquid chromatography on a DEAE-5PW column to achieve homogeneity. The protein has an isoelectric point of 4.75 and consists of a single polypeptide, migrating with an apparent Mr of 14,600 in SDS--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amino-terminal sequence analysis showed that the mouse cellular retinoic acid-binding protein has a high percentage of amino acid identity with other retinoid-binding proteins. However, it is immunologically distinct from the cellular retinol-binding protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Promoting safety belt use among state employees: the effects of prompting and a stimulus-control intervention.

This study assessed the effects of dashboard stickers and signature sheets on safety belt use among occupants of state-owned vehicles in three Florida agencies. The stickers and signature sheets contained information regarding a regulation requiring safety belt use and a consequence of a 25% reduction in benefits for noncompliance if the driver were to become involved in an accident. Safety belt use significantly increased during the intervention phase in all three agencies and maintained variable but high levels for 5 months. In Agency 1 and Agency 2 (stickers plus signature sheets) safety belt use increased from averages of 10.8% and 9.4% during baseline to 57.4% and 47.0%, respectively, during intervention. In Agency 3 (stickers only) the rates of safety belt use averaged 9.7% during baseline and 38.0% during intervention. Some increases in private vehicle use were observed. A substantial reduction in workers' compensation claim costs was shown for the target agencies with some reductions also shown in the nontarget agencies.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1988

The right to effective behavioral treatment.

We propose that individuals who are recipients or potential recipients of treatment designed to change their behavior have the right to a therapeutic environment, services whose overriding goal is personal welfare, treatment by a competent behavior analyst, programs that teach functional skills, behavioral assessment and ongoing evaluation, and the most effective treatment procedures available.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

The effects of self-monitoring and supervisor feedback on staff performance in a residential setting.

We evaluated the effects of a self-monitoring procedure to increase staff on-task behavior and adherence to scheduled activities. Self-monitoring involved the use of activity cards that staff members completed and carried with them to assist in determining the activities for which they were responsible at any given time. Increases in both on-schedule and on-task behavior resulted. Supervisor feedback was subsequently added because some staff members did not maintain consistently high levels of performance. Generalization data indicated that staff members implemented the procedure during evening hours without specific programming. The advantages and limitations of using a self-monitoring procedure for improving performance of staff members in residential settings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Integrated colonization control of Salmonella in poultry.

Control of the human enteropathogen Salmonella in poultry is a top priority of the USDA and the Agricultural Research Service. Numerous approaches are being taken to try and eliminate or at least reduce the levels of Salmonella on processed broilers. In this paper, factors that affect the degree of Salmonella colonization of poultry are examined, and different approaches to reduce Salmonella colonization are discussed. When used together, these approaches form a concept called integrated colonization control.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Detection of mycoplasmal antigens in immune complexes from rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluids.

This study was directed towards the detection of suspected antigenic microbial fragments in the immune complex (IC) fraction from chronic inflammatory disorders of the delayed type allergy. Mycoplasmas as the microbial prototype and joint fluids from the rheumatoid host were investigated. Protein-A affinity chromatography was used to isolate the immunoglobulin complex (IgG-IC) in six synovial fluids obtained from rheumatoid arthritis patients. The IgG-IC was digested with pepsin to further purify and obtain F(ab)2 complexes with greater specificity. The F(ab)2 complexes were dissociated and electrophoresed by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by immunoblotting using affinity purified rabbit antisera to six reference strains of human mycoplasmas. The presence of trace amount of mycoplasma antigens in the immune complex fractions was indicated by specific banding with antisera to M. pneumoniae, M. arthritidis, M. hominis, M. fermantans, and M. salivarium in one or more of the six synovial fluid fractions. The ELISA and immunoblot assays of seroconversion in rabbits immunized with the synovial fluid fractions also indicated the presence of mycoplasmal antigens.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1987

Automated contingent reinforcement of correct posture.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a mercury switch as a self-monitoring device to improve the sitting posture of an adult male. The participant in this study was a 31 year old man who was blind, nonambulatory, and who had been classified in the moderate range of intellectual functioning and in the severe range of adaptive functioning due to physical impairments. After determining that music practice and listening to a game show on the television channel of a radio were powerful reinforcers, a multiple baseline across the two reinforcing activities was implemented. The participant wore a mercury switch inside of a baseball cap which activated a Casio keyboard during music practice and a radio during the independent leisure activity of listening to a game show. During the treatment condition, the keyboard and radio were activated automatically by upright sitting posture. Results indicated that the participant's sitting posture increased from an average of almost 0% correct upright posture during baseline to an average of 52% during treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Promoting automobile safety belt use by young children.

A program using behavioral practice, assertiveness training, and social and contrived reinforcers was developed to establish and maintain automobile safety belt use by young children. Sixteen children (ages 4.8 to 7 years) who never used their safety belts during a 5-day preexperimental observation period were randomly assigned to two groups of eight each. A multiple baseline design across groups was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the training program. During the 8-day baseline period for Group 1, no children used their safety belts when unobtrusively observed while being driven from school. During the 26-day intervention period, the children were buckled up on 96% of the observations. Follow-up probes conducted 2-3 months after program discontinuance found safety belt use to range from 86% to 100%. For Group 2, the 14-day baseline safety belt use averaged 6% and increased to a mean of 81% during the 20-day training and maintenance program. Follow-up probes 2-3 months later found safety belt use to occur during 75% to 96% of the observations. Parent questionnaires indicated the generalizability and social validity of the program.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1986

Incisional herniae following median sternotomy incisions: their incidence and aetiology.

A retrospective study was carried out of all patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery through a median sternotomy incision under the care of a single surgical firm over an 8 year period in order to assess the incidence and aetiology of incisional epigastric herniae. Of the 582 procedures carried out, follow-up information was obtained in 475 (81.6 per cent) of which 20 (4.2 per cent) had developed incisional herniae (70 per cent of these within 3 months). Seven (35 per cent) of the herniae were symptomatic and required repair. The main predisposing factors were the male sex, the nature of surgery carried out (notably aortic valve replacement), obesity and the presence of postoperative complications of wound infection and left ventricular failure. Herniae were not found in those patients having wound closure using non-absorbable sutures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Medium-dependent properties of mycoplasmas.

Without a cell wall, the morphology, growth rate, and composition of mycoplasmas are culture media-dependent with variable properties best described as environmentally related. The adaptation of mycoplasmas to either a tissue cell or cell-free culture media, with dependency upon specific animal or plant products for survival, has led to investigations of their human host-related properties. The influence of culture media on the antibiotic sensitivities of mycoplasmas was measured by use of three different broths in two different assay systems. The variable results indicate that the inhibition of mycoplasma protein synthesis or growth may also be host-tissue dependent. The addition of noninhibitory penicillins to different culture media was found to affect the composition and antigenicity of some mycoplasmas. Using the complement fixation test, we found some human sera that were more reactive than rabbit antisera to mycoplasmas cultured in human synovial broth or in myelin-enriched broth. Mycoplasmas cultured in human lung broth and pig lung broth had media-dependent antigenicity. The antigenicity and the growth of mycoplasmas were found to depend on the proteolytic enzymes used to provide the essential peptides in tissue broths. The media-affected mycoplasmas indicate the presence of species-, strain-, and tissue-specific antigen sites that may determine immunopathogenicity in the genetically susceptible host.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1985

Thoracic lymphadenopathy in Asians resident in the United Kingdom: role of mediastinoscopy in initial diagnosis.

Although the incidence of superficial glandular tuberculosis is high in Asian immigrants, a clinical diagnosis without biopsy has previously been shown to be inaccurate in 22% of cases. The role of diagnostic mediastinoscopy and biopsy in thoracic lymphadenopathy was therefore evaluated in 41 consecutive Asian patients. Tuberculosis was diagnosed by histological examination or culture (or both) of gland biopsy material in 24 (59%). A further 12 patients, however, also received antituberculous chemotherapy, with a response in 10 cases. If these are included, 34 (83%) were finally considered to have tuberculosis. The symptoms and ages of the patients with tuberculosis were similar to those typically seen in caucasians with sarcoidosis. Six had tuberculous bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. In only four cases (10%) was a positive diagnosis other than tuberculosis established; in two (lymphoma and thymoma) mediastinoscopy confirmed preoperative suspicions, and saved only two more (with sarcoidosis and vascular anomaly) from unnecessary antituberculous treatment. Complications included severe haemorrhage (1) and chronic tuberculous sinus in the endoscopy tract (2). Mediastinoscopy is unlikely to change management in most patients, produces an appreciable amount of morbidity, and should be reserved for cases in which there is additional clinical doubt. Any future decline in the prevalence of tuberculosis in Asians may, however, require its further evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Recovery of inoculated Salmonella from poultry feed containing furazolidone.

It was determined that the presence of furazolidone, a common feed additive, prevented detection of Salmonella in feed samples. Artificially inoculated Salmonella were not recovered from feed samples containing furazolidone when buffered peptone broth (BP) was used as an enrichment medium, but Salmonella were recovered from all feed samples containing furazolidone when thiol broth was used as a substitute for BP.

Animal Feed↗