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Biomedical subjects

J S Bapna

Publications and source records attributed to J S Bapna.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Further studies on the anti-nociceptive effect of vasopressin.

The possible interactions of pathways which mediate anti-nociception when stimulated by alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were investigated. Yohimbine, an alpha 2-antagonist, failed to modify the anti-nociceptive response of AVP. However, clonidine pretreatment, in sub-effective and effective doses, potentiated the anti-nociceptive response of a sub-effective dose of AVP. This potentiation was attenuated by yohimbine and completely antagonized by naloxone. These studies suggest that pathways related to the opioidergic system and those stimulated by alpha 2-agonists may be utilized by AVP in eliciting the anti-nociceptive response.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1991

Tolerance pattern to GABAmimetic analgesics and their influence on morphine tolerance and dependence.

The possible development of acute and chronic tolerance to 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydroisoxazole-(5, 4-C)pyridin-3-ol (THIP) and muscimol-induced analgesia was tested using the acetic acid induced writhing assay. Acute tolerance developed to their analgesic actions on repeated exposure at a 4-h interval which was sensitive to naloxone. Chronic tolerance gradually developed to these agents from the 4th day and was appreciable after 10 days of treatment. Injection of THIP or muscimol prior to morphine attenuated the acute tolerance developed to morphine analgesia. These findings reveal that acute and chronic tolerance developed to THIP and muscimol induced analgesia and are suggestive of a role for opioidergic system in the development of acute tolerance to their analgesic effect. However, these agents per se did not produce any dependence phenomena and failed to affect morphine dependence indicating that different mechanisms might be operating in the development of tolerance and dependence.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1991

Role of calcium in the analgesic action of tetrahydroisoxazolepyridinol and muscimol.

The role of calcium in the analgesic activity of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazole-(5,4-c) pyridin-2-ol (THIP) and muscimol has been investigated using the acetic acid assay procedure. THIP and muscimol produced significant analgesic response. Whilst neither calcium chloride nor nifedipine in the doses employed significantly altered the number of writhings, calcium chloride antagonized the analgesic responses of THIP and muscimol while nifedipine potentiated them. Similar responses were recorded for morphine. These findings suggest that THIP and muscimol, like morphine, might alter the calcium movements across the plasma membrane to elicit the analgesic response.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1991

Influence of type I and type II diabetes mellitus on phenytoin steady-state levels.

Phenytoin kinetics was studied in male type I and type II diabetic patients, ten in each group. Age and sex matched epileptic patients receiving phenytoin alone served as control groups. Steady-state concentration of phenytoin was significantly lower in both types of diabetics compared to respective controls. The Vmax and Vmax/Km of phenytoin were significantly increased in type I diabetics. The Vmax was unaltered in type II diabetics but the Vmax/Km was higher in them. Protein binding of the drug was decreased in both groups. It is concluded that phenytoin kinetics is increased in both types of diabetics which may be responsible for the lower steady-state concentration of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Changing pattern of antimicrobial utilization in an Indian teaching hospital.

A study was conducted at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India, on the pattern of antimicrobial utilization in hospitalized patients. A retrospective study was conducted during a one-month period between January 18 to February 17, 1987. The data were analyzed according to modified Kunin's criteria. The results were compared with a similar study conducted a decade ago. The study revealed a marked increase in the use of antimicrobial agents (from 19.9% to 56.1%). A more appropriate use of antimicrobial agents was observed (from 66.8% to 79.5%). A significant increase in their appropriate use for therapeutic purpose (50% to 88.2%), but not for prophylaxis (79.05% to 71.18%) was seen. The study revealed a marked increase in the use of antimicrobial agents during the last decade resulting in the emergence of nosocomial infections of resistant strains of organisms.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1990

Ampicillin pharmacokinetics in Indian geriatric subjects.

Ampicillin elimination was studied in geriatric and younger subjects, 10 in each group. The geriatric subjects had higher serum concentration and elimination half-life of the drug. The plasma clearance and urinary excretion of the drug were significantly reduced in them when compared to younger subjects. Urinary excretion of the drug had significant correlation with creatinine clearance of the subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Role of GABAergic system in prolactin analgesia.

1. The role of the GABAergic system in the analgesic action of prolactin was investigated using a pharmacological approach. 2. THIP, a GABAmimetic, per se produced an analgesic effect and potentiated the analgesic effect of prolactin and morphine. 3. Bicuculline, in subconvulsive doses, per se did not alter the number of writhings, while it attenuated the analgesic effect of prolactin. 4. These results indicate a positive role for the GABAergic system in prolactin induced analgesia. 5. Since THIP resembles morphine and because prolactin possesses several other morphine-like functions, it is possible that the role played by GABA may be an opioid-related one.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1989

Differential effect of type I and type II diabetes mellitus on serum ampicillin levels.

Ampicillin elimination was studied in 10 poorly controlled, 6 well controlled type I and 14 poorly controlled type II diabetic patients. Two groups of age-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. After oral administration of ampicillin (500 mg), the poorly controlled type I diabetics had significantly lower serum concentration of the drug when compared to their corresponding healthy controls. The elimination half-life (t1/2) remained unaltered. Their creatinine clearance rate and urinary excretion of the drug were significantly reduced. There was no difference in these parameters between well controlled diabetics and healthy volunteers. The bioavailability data calculated from the urinary recovery of the drug, after oral and i.v. administration, suggested reduced oral absorption in poorly controlled type I diabetic patients. Ampicillin kinetics data of poorly controlled type II diabetic patients were not significantly different from that of the control group. Serum ampicillin levels and urinary excretion of the drug were similar in these groups. It is concluded that serum ampicillin level may be lower in poorly controlled type I diabetics which may be due to reduced absorption of the orally administered drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Differential effect of type I and type II diabetes mellitus on antipyrine elimination.

Antipyrine elimination was studied in 11 type I and 10 type II diabetic patients and 2 age-matched control groups. After oral administration of antipyrine (15 mg/kg), salivary concentration of the drug was measured at various time intervals by high performance liquid chromatography method. In type I diabetics the clearance rate (CL) and apparent volume of distribution (V) of the drug were significantly higher when compared to corresponding controls. The elimination half-life (t 1/2) remained unaltered. In type II diabetics, the t 1/2 of the drug was increased due to increase in V. There was no significant difference in CL. It is concluded that antipyrine elimination is enhanced in type I diabetics while in type II patients it is unaltered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effect of type II diabetes mellitus on theophylline elimination.

Theophylline elimination was studied in poorly-controlled and well-controlled type II diabetic patients, seven in each group. Eight healthy volunteers served as a control group. After a single oral dose of theophylline (200 mg) the drug concentration was measured in plasma, collected at different time intervals, using a high pressure liquid chromatography method. The poorly-controlled diabetics had significantly longer elimination half-life (t1/2) due to increased apparent volume of distribution (V) of the drug when compared to well-controlled diabetics. Their clearance rate (Cl) remained unaltered. There was no significant difference in these parameters between healthy volunteers and diabetic patients, although poorly-controlled diabetics had a tendency for higher t1/2 and V. It is concluded that theophylline clearance is unaltered in type II diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Antifertility effect in male rats of oleanolic acid, a triterpene from Eugenia jambolana flowers.

The antifertility activity of oleanolic acid (C30H48O3), isolated from the flowers of Eugenia jambolana, was evaluated in male albino rats. The administration of the compound for 60 days decreased the fertilizing capacity of the animals without any significant changes in body weight or reproductive organ weights. The compound produced arrest of spermatogenesis but did not cause any abnormality to spermatogenic cells, Leydig interstitial cells and Sertoli cells. Oleanolic acid may prove to be a promising antifertility agent devoid of undesirable side effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of diabetes mellitus on salivary paracetamol elimination.

1. Salivary elimination of paracetamol was studied in nine type I and ten type II diabetics. Ten healthy volunteers served as a control group. 2. A significant increase in the elimination half-life (t1/2) and apparent volume of distribution was observed in type I diabetics compared with controls. Clearance rate (CL) was not significantly altered. 3. In type II diabetics paracetamol elimination t1/2 was significantly increased with a corresponding decrease in CL. Apparent volume of distribution of the drug was not significantly different. 4. Paracetamol elimination t1/2 had significant correlation with fasting blood sugar values.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1988

Effect of short course chemotherapy on salivary paracetamol elimination.

1. Salivary elimination of paracetamol was studied in six male pulmonary tuberculosis patients on short course chemotherapy. 2. Peak paracetamol concentration showed a steady decrease at the end of first week and continued until the end of the study. 3. The elimination half-life of paracetamol decreased 5 weeks after the therapy with a corresponding increase in the clearance rate. 4. Adjustment of dosage of drugs that are metabolized by the microsomal enzymes may be required in patients on anti-tubercular drug regimen in which rifampicin is included.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1988

Anticholinesterase activity of prolactin: correlation with analgesia.

The possible inhibitory effect of prolactin on serum cholinesterase activity has been examined. Prolactin given to mice inhibited the enzyme's activity in a dose-related fashion. This inhibition was not reversed by naloxone. A significant correlation was observed between the anticholinesterase and analgesic activity of prolactin. The findings suggest that prolactin may exert its cholinomimetic activity by inhibition of cholinesterase. A significant contribution by the cholinergic activity, which was independent of the opioid system, was indicated in the analgesic effect.

Analgesics↗