Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J S Bell.
We report three complete ruptures and one partial rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon in association with the insertion of a volar plate for the treatment of fracture of the distal radius. Rupture was associated with the chronic use of steroids.
A vacuolar degeneration affecting primarily the gray matter in the central nervous system (CNS) of young Australian Cattle Dogs is described. An initial presentation of seizures was followed by a progressive spastic tetraparesis. Grossly evident bilateral and symmetrical foci of malacia were in the nuclei of the cerebellum and brain stem and the gray matter of the spinal cord. Microscopically, vacuolation of glial cells, dilation of the myelin sheaths and reactive astrocytosis characterized mild CNS changes. More advanced lesions displayed progressive dissolution of the neuropil, prominent vacuolation of reactive astrocytes, numerous glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive coiled astrocytic processes, neuronal vacuolation and loss with relative sparing of large neurons. Ultrastructurally marked mitochondrial accumulation and swelling were seen in astrocytes. In the appendicular muscles, changes interpreted as long-term denervation atrophy accompanied by widespread expression of the neonatal isoform of myosin were observed. The character of the neurological sings, the nature and the distribution of the lesions within the neuroaxis have not been reported in domestic animals. An inherited biochemical defect, possibly mitochondrial, is proposed as the cause. Selected conditions with a bilateral and symmetrical distribution affecting the gray matter of domestic animals are summarized.
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Cysts of the larynx are uncommon lesions that on rare occasions may cause sudden death. We report herein the asphyxial death by an obstructing vocal cord cyst in a woman whose body was found in a setting that aroused suspicions of foul play. Features of this case and the autopsy findings are compared with a literature review of laryngeal cysts.
A systematic procedure provides one method of assessing xenobiotic-induced abnormalities in fish following environmental exposures. Behavioral, external (or gross), histopathological, and internal organ changes allow determination of the severity of toxicant impact on an endemic population provided a sufficient number of specimens is analyzed. Over the past 15 years, these methods have led to the establishment of causal factors in metal- and metalloid-induced toxicity.
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This article discusses the merits of participation by medical examiners in the area of clinical forensic medicine. The present connotation that we deal after the fact should be abandoned with enhanced involvement in assisting the living. The paper focuses on a broad range of categories where forensic scientists by virtue of their training and experience could be most helpful in the application of medical knowledge to the solution of questions of law.
A comparison was made between sets of psychometric variables [the Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly (CAPE)] and personal socio-demographic variables in predicting the outcome of psychogeriatric day care. Two groups of elderly patients referred for day care were investigated: 40 new admissions to a psychogeriatric day centre and 63 new admissions to psychogeriatric day hospitals. Discriminant function analysis was employed to compare the classification accuracy obtained from the personal socio-demographic variables and the CAPE psychometric data. The results demonstrated the incremental validity of the CAPE in predicting outcome of day care in both settings and support the routine use of such brief measures as appropriate screening procedures in these settings.
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This report provides morphological and analytical data for a group of green sunfish collected from an area relatively free of metals and a second group of the same species collected from a lake into which selenium had been discharged. Neutron activation data of livers (and kidneys) collected from these fish show an average of about 11 ppm selenium (fresh weight) for both organs; other metals were not detected in the liver (or kidneys) of these fish. Ultrastructural examination of livers from fish of this group showed focal necrosis, areas of granular cytoplasm, fatty infiltration, increased numbers of Kupffer cells, and disorganized liver architecture--compared with those of controls. The presence of massive levels of selenium in the liver and concomitant hepatocyte changes suggests a causal relationship between these phenomena.
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Redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) were collected from Martin Lake in east Texas. For at least 8 months, 1 year earlier, aqueous selenium-laden effluent from man-made sources was released into this 5,000-acre reservoir (unpublished data). Redear sunfish from a reference lake, 8 km upstream, were collected for comparison to Martin Lake fish. The hepatopancreas (i.e., liver and associated, disseminated exocrine pancrease), mesonephros (i.e., kidney), gonads, heart, spleen, stomach, and gill arches were preserved for histopathological examination using optical and/or transmission electron microscopy. Livers from Martin Lake redear sunfish (which had accumulated approximately 20 ppm selenium in the liver) showed central necrosis, reduced quantities of rough endoplasmic reticulum and glycogen particles, and increased numbers of lysosome-like structures. Kidneys showed proliferative glomerulonephritis, and exocrine pancreas showed marked hypertrophy at the optical level. Ultrastructurally, architectural disorganization, reduced rough endoplasmic reticulum, increased cisternal space, and proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum were evident. The stomach, spleen, gill, heart, and gonads showed no abnormalities.
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A group of green sunfish was collected from a selenium-rich lake and compared with a similar group collected from a control lake upstream in the same drainage system in east Texas. Since the level of selenium in kidneys of these fish was relatively high (averaging 11 ppm on a fresh weight basis), histopathological and ultrastructural data were collected. Kidneys from fish from the selenium-rich lake showed proliferative glomerulonephritis and hematuria as well as vacuolation and necrosis of cells of the convoluted tubules.
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