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Biomedical subjects

J S Cox

Publications and source records attributed to J S Cox.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Women in sports: the Naval Academy experience.

Women were first admitted to the United States Naval Academy with the Class of 1980. The physical performance of 63 women in that class along with 69 in the Class of 1981 and 78 in the Class of 1982 is compared to the performance of a random sample of male midshipmen in the same Classes. The Department of Physical Education made some adjustments in the fitness program for women but did not change the objectives. The number of hours of physical education was the same for the men and women. Performance tests show that the women have scored better than had been anticipated and that the scores have improved with each Class. The women have averaged three times as many visits to the orthopaedic clinic for stress-related injuries than the men, but as the women have become acclimated to a more active life, they have sought medical attention for these problems less often. The women in these three Classes have had no trauma-related orthopaedic surgery. It is anticipated that when women midshipmen begin to participate in the same vigorous sports as men, e.g., soccer, lacrosse, and others, that injuries will increase. We conclude that physical fitness requirements for women will become increasingly similar to the men's requirements. At this time, the performance of women is often a result of society's conditioning rather than apparent physiologic differences between the sexes.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of phenylbutazone in sports medicine: understanding the risks.

Despite the widespread use of phenylbutazone, its safety is still a controversial issue. One example of its toxicity is the fact that phenylbutazone has now replaced chloramphenicol as the most common cause of fatal drug-related aplastic anemia. To evaluate the toxicity of phenylbutazone as it is commonly used in sports medicine, a group of 3,000 healthy young athletes was studied following 1-week courses of phenylbutazone for various sports-related inflammatory problems. No serious adverse reactions were encountered. Four percent of the patients experienced mild gastrointestinal disturbances with less than 1% of the patients being forced to discontinue the medication. Compiling the results of other studies, it is estimated that the risk of a serious reaction to phenylbutazone is less than 1 per 100,000 when the drug is used by healthy young individuals for periods of 1 week or less. This risk increases significantly in older patients and with longer periods of treatment. Although phenylbutazone is widely prescribed in sports medicine, there appears to be insufficient information regarding its possible effects on athletic performance. Its capacity to cause significant fluid retention with secondary dilutional anemis, for example, could, in certain instances, have an adverse effect on overall performance if the drug is continued after the athlete returns to competition. Further study in this area is urged.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The fate of the acromioclavicular joint in athletic injuries.

Of 164 acromioclavicular joint injuries to midshipmen at the US Naval Academy between July 1973 and November 1978, 99 were Type 1, 52 were Type 2, and 13 were Type 3. Follow-up examinations revealed that 36% of Type 1, 48% of Type 2, and 69% of Type 3 patients had residual symptoms. Positive physical findings were present in 43% of Type 1, 77% of Type 2, and 100% of Type 3 injuries. Roentgenographic changes were noted in 70% of Type 1, 75% of Type 2, and 100% of Type 3 patients. This evaluation suggests aggressive treatment and rehabilitation are indicated in acute acromioclavicular injuries. Residual problems from Types 1 and 2 injuries are much more frequent than indicated in the literature. Symptoms in Type 1, but not in Type 2, injuries are directly related to the presence of positive physical findings. Roentgenographic changes are extremely common and are not correlated with symptoms. Treatment of Type 2 injuries with the acromioclavicular immobilizer resulted in fewer complications than symptomatic treatment.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the Roux-Elmslie-Trillat procedure for knee extensor realignment.

One method for correction of patellofemoral malalignment in acute and recurrent dislocations and subluxations of the patella involves a lateral retinacular release, medial capsular reefing, and medial displacement of the infrapatellar tendon insertion. The procedures was originally described by Roux and later modified and popularized by Elmslie and Trillat. It allows adequate evaluation and easy adjustment of the extensor mechanism at the time of surgery. This current report is an evaluation of 116 of these procedures followed for at least one year and examined by an orthopaedic surgeon. This evaluation indicates that this is a satisfactory method for prevention of recurrent subluxation of the patella with recurrence in only 7% of the cases. A critical evaluation of the results of the procedure reveals only 66% were rated as good or excellent. The results were directly related to associated intraarticular pathology such as hemarthrosis, patellar chondromalacia, degenerative changes on the femoral or tibial articular surfaces, torn or absent semilunar cartilages, torn anterior cruciate ligaments, and insufficient correction of either patella alta or a wide quadriceps angle. The procedure has been slightly modified and the indications for the procedure have been revised.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Women midshipmen in sports.

This is a study of the physical performance and injury rate for seven classes of women midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy. Women comprise only 6.2% of the brigade of midshipmen, but men and women live in the same dormitory, undergo the same physical training and fitness tests, study the same academic curriculum, and live in an environment where performance and activities can be constantly monitored. The required number of hours of physical education are the same for men and women. The conclusions from this study are: (1) women midshipmen continue to improve their fitness level more rapidly than men; (2) while some disparities in performance are correctly attributed to physiological differences, many of the present disparities should be attributed to societal conditions; (3) should physical performance requirements ever become the same, women will have to work harder than men to achieve the same standards because of the physiological differences; (4) women continue to seek medical attention for stress-related problems (i.e., shin splints, stress fractures) more often than men, but do so less often as they become acclimated to the active life of the Naval Academy; (5) women midshipmen have the same number of serious injuries as men, and in some sports are more susceptible to certain types of injuries.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Orthopaedic complications of childhood neurofibromatosis.

Neurofibromatosis is a genetically transmitted, multisystemic disorder characterized by abnormalities of the skin, nervous tissue, and bone. Many of the serious problems associated with this disease are orthopaedic in nature. The treatment and plan of care for a child with neurofibromatosis must be comprehensive and consistent. Nursing care should address the developmental, physical, and emotional needs of the child, as well as the psychologic concerns and educational needs of the child and parents.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Orthopaedic complications of childhood neurofibromatosis.

Neurofibromatosis is a genetically transmitted, multisystemic disorder characterized by abnormalities of the skin, nervous tissue, and bone. Many of the serious problems associated with this disease are orthopaedic in nature. The treatment and plan of care for a child with neurofibromatosis must be comprehensive and consistent. Nursing care should address the developmental, physical, and emotional needs of the child, as well as the psychologic concerns and educational needs of the child and parents.

Bone Diseases↗