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Biomedical subjects

J S Hampl

Publications and source records attributed to J S Hampl.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Comparisons of dietary intake and sources of fat in low- and high-fat diets of 18- to 24-year-olds.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the sources of fat in the diets of 18- to 24-year-olds and to identify the food group choices of those consuming 30% of energy or less from fat. DESIGN: This study compared the fat intake, nutrient intake, and food group choices of young men and women consuming 30% or less or more than 30% of energy from fat. SUBJECTS: The 1989-1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by individuals (CSFII) provided the study sample of 1,062 (436 men and 626 women) 18- to 24-year-olds residing in the 48 coterminous states who completed one 24-hour food recall and two 1-day food records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dietary fat, vitamin, mineral, and food group intakes were determined by analysis of the 24-hour food recalls and the 1-day food records. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: Tests were used to detect differences in nutrient and food group intakes between the two groups for both men and women. RESULTS: More than 75% of the sample consumed more than 30% of energy from fat. The men and women who consumed low-fat diets did so by choosing more low-fat dairy products, fruits, and grains. Men who consumed low-fat diets consumed significantly more alcohol than other men; women who consumed low-fat diets showed a similar trend although the difference was not statistically significant. Although men and women who consumed a high-fat diet did consume significantly greater amounts of fat and cholesterol, they also fared better in vitamin and mineral intake. CONCLUSIONS: A minority of young adults consumed 30% or less of energy from fat. Compared with those who consumed more than 30% of energy from fat, men consumed significantly greater mean amounts of vitamin C and folate, and women consumed significantly greater mean amounts of vitamin A and folate. Young adults who consumed more than 30% of energy from fat exceeded current recommendations for dietary fat intake; however, the men were less likely to be at risk for calcium deficiency and the women were less likely to be at risk for vitamin E and zinc deficiencies. Because excess dietary fat and alcohol can lead to chronic disease, dietitians should continue to educate people about the relationship between nutrition and health.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clustering of lifestyle behaviors: the relationship between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary intake.

PURPOSE: To examine relationships between cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and dietary intake. DESIGN: Respondents to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, a nationwide probability sample conducted from January 1994 through January 1997 (n = 23,602; response rate = 80%), were selected. Adults ages 19 years and older were grouped according to their smoking and drinking habits. Selected demographic variables, food group servings, food energy, and densities of selected nutrients were compared. SETTING: In-home interviews were conducted in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. SUBJECTS: The selected sample (n = 6745) included 3229 nonsmokers, 1701 former smokers, and 1808 current smokers, and 2284 abstainers, 2713 occasional drinkers, 1000 moderate drinkers, and 748 liberal drinkers. MEASURES: Responses to standard questionnaires were examined by Student's t-test, chi 2, one-way analysis of variance, and univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance. RESULTS: Men were more likely than women to be current smokers and liberal drinkers (64% vs. 40% and 62% vs. 38%). For both, the use of cigarettes and alcohol was closely related. An additive relationship was observed between smoking/drinking classification and lower food group servings and nutrient intakes. Although cigarette and alcohol use may have been underreported, these findings support previous ones showing poor food choices along with lower nutrient intakes as smoking and drinking increase. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking and drinking habits may alter individuals' food selections and nutrient intakes. Future interventions for health promotion may achieve greater success by targeting multiple risk factors simultaneously or sequentially.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences in dietary patterns of nonsmoking adults married to smokers vs. nonsmokers.

PURPOSE: To compare dietary intakes of nonsmoking adults married to smokers or nonsmokers. DESIGN: Respondents to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994 to 1996 (response rate = 76.1% for 2 days of dietary intake). Nonsmoking adults aged 18 and older were grouped according to the smoking status of their spouse. SETTING: In-home interviews in all 50 states and Washington, D.C. SUBJECTS: The selected sample included 757 men and 754 women who were married to nonsmokers, and 197 men and 262 women who were married to smokers. MEASURES: Selected demographic variables, food group servings, food energy, and densities of selected nutrients were compared using chi 2 and analysis of covariance. RESULTS: Men and women married to smokers had greater (p < or = .025) energy-adjusted intakes of total and saturated fat but significantly lower (p < or = .05) energy-adjusted intakes of fiber and vitamin A. Men married to smokers consumed significantly more (p < .025) energy-adjusted cholesterol and ethanol but significantly less calcium (p = .026); women married to smokers consumed significantly less (p = .014) energy-adjusted folate. Men married to smokers consumed significantly more (p < or = .05) alcoholic beverages, coffee, and soft drinks; women married to smokers consumed significantly less water (p = .014) but more cheese and table sweeteners (p < or = .05). CONCLUSIONS: Nonsmoking men and women who were married to smokers had compromised dietary intakes. Nonsmoking men whose wives smoked, in particular, had unhealthy diets due to elevated intakes of fat and cholesterol and low intakes of vitamin A, calcium, and fiber. Health professionals should continue to provide tobacco cessation instruction and dietary guidance, but also be aware of at-risk patients' immediate family members who likely share an increased risk of disease because of poor diet quality and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.

Adolescent↗