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Biomedical subjects

J S Klausner

Publications and source records attributed to J S Klausner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Calcium oxalate urolithiasis in a cat with a functional parathyroid adenocarcinoma.

A 9-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat with dysuria, anorexia, vomiting, and lethargy was admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital. A large, firm mass was palpable in the ventral cervical region. Hypercalcemia, azotemia, and nonregenerative anemia were evident on serum biochemical analysis and CBC, and multiple uroliths were detected by abdominal radiography. At necropsy, light microscopy of the ventral cervical mass revealed a parathyroid adenocarcinoma. Light microscopy of sections of the kidneys revealed multifocal, chronic, lymphocytic/plasmacytic, tubulointerstitial nephritis, as well as moderate multifocal acute tubular necrosis. On quantitative analysis, the uroliths were composed of calcium oxalate. Determination of serum calcium concentration is indicated in cats with calcium oxalate urolithiasis to aid in detection of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of microscopic and flow cytometric detection of platelet antibody in dogs suspected of having immune-mediated thrombocytopenia.

A flow cytometric platelet immunofluorescence assay (FC-PIFA) was compared with a previously developed microscopic platelet immunofluorescence assay (MI-PIFA) for detection of circulating platelet antibody. Both assays were performed on serum from 10 healthy dogs with normal platelet count, and on serum from 27 thrombocytopenic dogs--18 had primary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT), and 9 had IMT in addition to other immune-mediated disease (secondary IMT). Both assays yielded negative results for all control dogs. The MI-PIFA and FC-PIFA results were in agreement in 23 dogs with IMT (14 positive and 9 negative). There was linear correlation between MI-PIFA scores and FC-PIFA results (r = 0.873). Positive results were obtained for 55.5% of the dogs with suspected IMT, using the MI-PIFA, compared with 67%, using the FC-PIFA; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Use of fresh or frozen fixed donor platelets as the antigen source yielded similar results in the FC-PIFA.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Clinical and pathologic features of prostatic adenocarcinoma in sexually intact and castrated dogs: 31 cases (1970-1987).

The medical records of 31 dogs diagnosed with prostatic carcinoma at the teaching hospital between January 1970 and October 1987 were reviewed to determine whether gender status had an effect on the clinical features or biologic behavior of the disease. The only significant difference between sexually intact and castrated dogs was increased prevalence of pulmonary metastasis in castrated dogs.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Clinical remission following plasmapheresis and corticosteroid treatment in a dog with acquired myasthenia gravis.

A 7-year-old sexually intact male Labrador Retriever with regurgitation and generalized muscular weakness resulting from acquired myasthenia gravis received 2 plasmapheresis treatments in combination with corticosteroid treatment. Plasmapheresis was performed in an attempt to rapidly lower serum acetylcholine receptor binding antibody (AChR Ab) concentration. Seven days after the second plasmapheresis treatment, the dog's muscular strength was normal, which coincided with a 70% decrease in serum AChR Ab concentration. Because the dog also received corticosteroids, it is impossible to determine how much of the clinical improvement resulted from plasmapheresis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Drug-associated aplastic anemia in dogs: eight cases (1984-1988).

Records of 8 dogs with drug-associated aplastic anemia were reviewed. Drugs suspected as being causative included estradiol cyclopentylpropionate (3 dogs), phenylbutazone (2 dogs), meclofenamic acid (1 dog), trimethoprim-sulfadiazine and fenbendazole (1 dog), and quinidine (1 dog). Five of the dogs died or were euthanatized. One dog with estrogen-associated aplasia recovered after prolonged treatment. The dogs with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine and quinidine-associated marrow aplasia recovered promptly after treatment was discontinued.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1990

Hypercalcemia in two cats with squamous cell carcinomas.

Hypercalcemia was identified in 2 cats with squamous cell carcinomas. One cat was referred because of multiple cutaneous tumors; the second cat had metastatic disease from an oral squamous cell carcinoma. In both cats, serum immunoreactive midmolecule parathyroid hormone concentration was within the range determined for clinically normal cats. The high serum calcium concentration in these cats may have resulted from the neoplastic disease, as evidenced by the reduction in serum calcium concentration after decrease in tumor size in response to treatment, and by failure to identify other known causes of hypercalcemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Phase II evaluation of doxorubicin for treatment of various canine neoplasms.

One hundred eighty-five dogs with histologically confirmed, measurable malignant tumors were used in a prospective study to determine the response to 2 doses of the anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, doxorubicin. Eighty-three dogs had been refractory to one or more previous treatment modalities (surgery, n = 54; chemotherapy, n = 22; radiation, n = 10; hyperthermia, n = 1; biological response modifier, n = 1). The extent of neoplastic disease was determined immediately prior to and 3 weeks after 2 doses of doxorubicin were administered (30 mg/m2 of body surface area, iv) 21 days apart. Eighty-four percent (n = 157) of the dogs received 2 doses of doxorubicin and were evaluated. Of the 28 dogs ruled ineligible, 4 had serious side effects to the first dose of doxorubicin, and 24 others acquired complications resulting from their malignant tumors. A partial or complete remission was obtained in 41% (64/157) of all evaluable dogs: 26% (11/43) of the dogs with carcinoma, 67% (42/63) of the dogs with lymphoma, and 22% (11/51) of the dogs with sarcoma. Tumors in which there was at least a 50% volume reduction (partial or complete remission) included malignant lymphoma (42/63), fibrosarcoma (1/14), solid follicular thyroid carcinoma (3/13), mammary adenocarcinoma (2/8), hemangiosarcoma (2/8), osteosarcoma (1/6), circumanal carcinoma (3/5), synovial cell sarcoma (2/3), undifferentiated sarcoma (2/3), nasal adenocarcinoma (1/2), liposarcoma (1/2), infiltrating lipoma (1/1), malignant melanoma (1/1), sclerosing mesothelioma (1/1), and neurofibrosarcoma (1/2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Acute and short-term toxicoses associated with the administration of doxorubicin to dogs with malignant tumors.

One hundred eighty-five dogs with histologically confirmed, measurable malignant tumors were used in a study to determine the toxicity of the anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, doxorubicin, which was administered once or twice (at a 21-day interval) at the rate of 30 mg/m2 of body surface area, iv. During this study, 7 dogs died as a direct result of doxorubicin-induced toxicosis and 16 died as a direct result of the malignant neoplastic disease. Each dog was evaluated for signs of toxicosis for 3 weeks after the last dose was administered (15 dogs received 1 dose, 170 dogs received 2 doses) or until the dog died, whichever came first. The most common signs of toxicosis were vomiting, diarrhea, colitis, anorexia, and pruritus. The probability of doxorubicin-induced toxicosis decreased significantly (P less than 0.0001) in inverse relationship to body weight. Dogs with signs of toxicosis during the 21-day interval from administration of the first dose of doxorubicin were 17.2 times (P less than 0.01; 95% confidence interval; 5.5, 54.2) more likely to develop signs of toxicosis during the 21-day interval from the second dose of doxorubicin. The performance status of each dog was evaluated using a modified Karnofsky performance scheme; the only time the performance status was adversely affected to a significant extent by doxorubicin-induced toxicosis was during the 21-day period, starting with the second dose (P less than 0.0001).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Neutrophil-induced erythrocyte injury: a potential cause of erythrocyte destruction in the anemia associated with inflammatory disease.

Activated neutrophils at effector/target ratios of 1:20 to 1:2,000 induced depletion of red blood cell (RBC)-reduced glutathione, increased membrane-bound hemoglobin and methemoglobin, and promoted immunoglobulin binding to the cell membrane. Superoxide dismutase/catalase ameliorated the decrease in reduced glutathione and the increase in methemoglobin and immunoglobulin binding. This is interpreted as evidence that activated neutrophils can alter the antigenic nature of the RBC membrane through generation of toxic oxygen radicals.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1987

Calcium urolithiasis in two dogs with parathyroid adenomas.

Primary hyperparathyroidism resulted in calcium urolith formation and calcium nephropathy in 2 dogs. Uroliths composed of calcium phosphate were surgically removed from the bladder of one dog 3 months after surgical removal of a parathyroid adenoma. Five years later, hypercalcemia and urolithiasis had not recurred. In a second dog, calcium oxalate renal and bladder uroliths remained unchanged in size at 11 months after removal of a parathyroid adenoma. The possibility of primary hyperparathyroidism should be considered in any dog with calcium urolithiasis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Canine prostatic disease--comparison of ultrasonographic appearance with morphologic and microbiologic findings: 30 cases (1981-1985).

A retrospective analysis was made of 30 cases of canine prostatic disease, with the objective of identifying (via a prepubic approach) the 2-dimensional, gray-scale ultrasonographic appearance most often associated with the various spontaneous prostatic diseases. Ultrasonography was of value in characterizing the parenchymal architecture as normal vs focally hyperechoic and diffusely hyperechoic (associated with chronic inflammation and neoplasia) or focally hypoechoic or anechoic (either accompanied by distant enhancement), which was associated with retention cyst or abscess. Further specificity based only on abnormal echotexture was not possible. Ultrasonography facilitated the differentiation of radiographically identifiable prostatomegaly attributable to abscess or neoplasia from apparent prostatomegaly attributable to paraprostatic cyst. An imaging protocol consisting of distention retrograde urethrocystography and prepubic ultrasonography was recommended, as a distended bladder aided ultrasonographic identification of the prostate gland. In addition, the combination of urethral morphologic features and urethroprostatic reflux appearance complemented the ultrasonographic appearance for differentiation of prostatic abscess from prostatic carcinoma. A classification scheme for spontaneous canine prostatic disease combining germane imaging morphologic features with microscopic and microbiologic findings was proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Canine prostatic disease--comparison of radiographic appearance with morphologic and microbiologic findings: 30 cases (1981-1985).

A retrospective analysis was made of radiographs from 24 clinically normal young adult male Beagles used in previously reported base-line research on the distal male urinary tract. The ventrodorsal and craniocaudal prostate gland dimensions were measured, as visualized on the lateral radiographic view, and expressed as a ratio of the distance between the cranial aspect of the public bone and the sacral promontory. In 17 of these 24 dogs, there was sufficient image clarity to permit confident measurement of prostatic dimensions. From these data, the largest acceptable prostatic dimension, as visualized on the lateral radiographic view, was 70% of the public-promontory distance. A retrospective analysis was made of 30 cases of canine prostatic disease, with the objective of identifying the radiographic (survey and distention retrograde urethrocystogram) appearance most often associated with the various spontaneous prostatic diseases. Prostatomegaly was not specific for the cause of prostatic disease, except if the apparent parenchymal dimensions were greater than or equal to 90% of the public-promontory distance wherein neoplasia, abscess, and paraprostatic cysts (readily differentiated from diffuse intraparenchymal disease by ultrasonography) were the principle considerations. Multifocal, irregularly shaped, parenchymal mineral densities were observed only in dogs with prostatic carcinoma (4/7 cases) or prostatitis (1 case of chronic prostatitis). Narrowing of the prostatic portion of the urethra was observed only in association with abscess, neoplasm, or noninflammatory nonneoplastic disease (possibly benign hypertrophy/hyperplasia), whereas widening of this part of the urethra was not observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Etiopathogenesis of canine struvite urolithiasis.

Urine must be oversaturated with magnesium ammonium phosphate for struvite uroliths to form. Oversaturation of urine with magnesium ammonium phosphate may be associated with several factors, including urinary tract infections with urease-producing microbes, alkaline urine, diet, and genetic predisposition. Of the urease-producing microbes, staphylococci are most struvitogenic in dogs. The precise mechanisms resulting in formation of sterile struvite uroliths in dogs have not been determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of canine calcium oxalate urolithiasis.

Calcium oxalate uroliths are commonly called metabolic uroliths because they are sequelae of a variety of metabolic abnormalities that alter the composition of body fluids and urine. Factors incriminated in the etiopathogenesis of calcium oxalate urolithiasis include hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, and hyperuricosuria. The predominant type of calcium oxalate urolith encountered in dogs is the monohydrate form; however, the dihydrate form may also occur. Male dogs have been more frequently affected than female dogs. Medical therapy should be formulated with the goal of reducing urine concentration of calculogenic substances.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1986

Canine calcium phosphate uroliths.

Uroliths composed primarily of calcium phosphate are identified in approximately 3 per cent of canine stone patients. Predisposing factors to the formation of calcium phosphate uroliths include elevated urine pH, hypercalciuria, and the presence of crystallization inhibitors and promoters. Medical therapy of patients forming calcium phosphate uroliths should initially be directed at removing factors contributing to urine supersaturation with calcium phosphate.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
PubMed1986

Canine primary hyperparathyroidism and its association with urolithiasis.

Primary hyperparathyroidism results from autonomous secretion of parathyroid hormone by a single or multiple parathyroid glands. Clinical signs result from various combinations of hypercalcemia, hypercalcemic nephropathy, urolithiasis, or mobilization of calcium and phosphorus from bone. Following parathyroidectomy, the prognosis for dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism is good if the disorder is diagnosed before renal disease is advanced.

Animals↗