Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J S Leo.
Three patients are described who demonstrate the "target-sign" of optic nerve atrophy on CT scanning. This sign is produced by the centrally located atrophic optic nerve surrounded by a patulous perioptic subarachnoid space. An explanation for this phenomenon is proposed.
A case of a large cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with spontaneous partial thrombosis and intracerebral hematoma is reported. The unusual and unique features of the radionuclide brain scan and cerebral angiogram are described. The characteristic angiographic features of residual tortuosity and dilatation or pseudoaneurysm formation at the bifurcations of the feeding arteries in a partially thrombosed cerebral AVM have not been described previously in the literature.
The typical CT appearance of intracranial arachnoid cysts may obviate additional neuroradiological procedures. Ventriculography using water-soluble contrast media may differentiate a suprasellar arachnoid cyst from a dilated third ventricle. Twelve cases are presented.
The most common cerebral metastatic lesion is from carcinoma of the lung. Preoperative cranial computed tomography (CCT) with contrast enhancement was performed in 55 neurologically intact patients with a diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma; 3 patients (5%) demonstrated cerebral metastasis. CCT could spare a significant number of such patients from unnecessary surgery, with a net saving substantially greater than its cost.
The authors describe a simple myelographic technique for cervical spinal cord injuries, involving lateral puncture at C1--C2 and injection of metrizamide with the patient supine. This technique is reliable and offers advantages over Pantopaque and/or gas myelography.
Nine patients with herpes simplex encephalitis examined by CT scan were reviewed. A total of 15 satisfactory scans was analyzed. The majority of our cases had CT scan abnormalities: lucency 63% (5 of 8, one case with suboptimal scan), mass effect 50% (4 of 8), abnormal contrast enhancement 57% (4 of 7). The earliest CT scan finding was lucency, presented in two out of three cases studied within 48 hours following onset of symptoms. The primary role of CT scan is to support the suspected diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis as well as to indicate the best site for brain biopsy and to permit early effective treatment with adenine arabinoside.
The case of a syphilitic gumma in the cerebellopontine angle is reported. The angiographic appearance of neurosyphilis is similar to that of cerebral inflammatory processes of all varieties. The hypervascularity of the blush shown on angiography is due to hyperemia surrounding the focal necrosis. Vasoconstriction and dilatation may be seen with meningovascular syphilis and gummata. This case showed a focal hypervascularized lesion unlike the avascular lesions described in the textbooks.
It has been well documented that long-term abuse of alcohol leads to dysfunction of multiple organ systems of the body. The liver, which is the primary organ responsible for alcohol metabolism, is also a major target for damage. Cirrhosis of the liver is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. The radiologist plays an important role in the evaluation and possibly in the treatment of the conditions which result from alcohol abuse. The advantages and limitations of various radiologic diagnostic modalities in the evaluation of alcoholic liver disease are presented and discussed.
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