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Biomedical subjects

J S Leske

Publications and source records attributed to J S Leske.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Treatment for family members in crisis after critical injury.

A sudden critical injury produces a great amount of stress within a family. Families faced with this experience require treatment to modify the stress of the situation, receive and comprehend information, maintain patterns of adequate family functioning, use effective coping skills, and provide positive support to the patient. Specific questions discussed include: Who are family members? Why treat family members who are in crisis? What areas should be included in family assessment? What treatments are effective for families? What family outcomes can be expected? A clinical case study is used to describe assessment areas and initial treatments for family in crisis after one of their members is critically injured.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Intraoperative progress reports decrease family members' anxiety.

The researcher used a four-group quasi-experimental posttest design to examine the effect of intraoperative progress reports on 200 family members' anxiety. Group one (ie, control group) received standard perioperative care, which did not include intraoperative progress reports. Group two received in-person progress reports from perioperative nurses. Group three received an "attention" protocol (ie, checklist explaining hospital routines, waiting room procedures). Group four received progress reports delivered by telephone. The researcher compared family members' state anxiety scores, mean arterial pressures (MAPs), and heart rates measured halfway during their relatives' surgical procedures, measuring these dependent variables after providing the interventions. The in-person intraoperative progress report group reported lower state anxiety scores (P < .001) and had significantly lower MAPs and heart rates (P < .05) than the other three groups. In-person progress reports appear to be the most beneficial perioperative nursing intervention for reducing family members' anxiety during the intraoperative waiting period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Interventions for aged family members.

Is Mrs. B's family unusual? Is this a hypothetical situation made too dramatic? The answer is no, to both questions. This situation is real, the family is real, and a typical, elderly spouse was driven to feel helpless and out of control, experiencing what no person should ever go through, and needing to reevaluate and rethink her whole future. Hospitalization for a critical injury can disrupt even the most highly organized and functional family. Family-focused care may mitigate family stress by providing support based on the unique needs of each family. As Mrs. B's family illustrates, the family members may have suffered as much pain as the patient. They, too, deserve special attention and consideration. Their reactions are typical and manageable, and professionals who are interested in the welfare and functioning of the family must ensure that the family of the patient receives adequate and appropriate care, no matter what their age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Effects of intraoperative progress reports on anxiety levels of surgical patients' family members.

A three-group quasi-experimental posttest-only design was used to examine the effectiveness of intraoperative progress reports by comparing family members' state-anxiety score, mean arterial pressure level (MAP), and heart rate during elective surgical procedures. Control-group family members (n = 50) received usual care. Family members in the experimental group (n = 50) received a 5- to 10-minute progress report protocol about halfway through a surgical procedure. An additional group of family members (n = 50) received an attention protocol. Family members in the experimental group reported lower state-anxiety scores (p < .001) and had significantly lower MAP levels (p < .001) and heart rates (p < .01) compared with the control and attention groups. Progress reports appear to be a beneficial independent nursing intervention for reducing anxiety in family members during the intraoperative waiting period.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Models and processes of research utilization.

The proliferation of research in nursing is greater today than at any other time in the history of nursing. In order for this research to be meaningful for practice, research utilization efforts are imperative. This article reviews three prominent research utilization models spanning three decades of development. Future challenges and suggestions for improving the process are identified. Through research utilization efforts, nurses are given the power to make informed choices regarding implementation of research-based assessments, diagnoses, interventions, and outcome measures that ultimately will result in improved patient outcomes.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1994

Using clinical innovations for research-based practice.

Making choices about patient-care interventions pervades critical care nursing practice. Research utilization activities provide the reasoning by which assessment parameters are established, preventative actions are identified, and interventions are evaluated in the clinical setting for positive effects on patient outcomes. For research results to be directly applicable, they must be transformed into clinical innovations specific to a patient population, clinical situation, or institutional setting. A brief summary of using research findings to design clinical innovations is provided. Examples of selected clinical innovations are included to illustrate the steps of the research utilization process. Clinical innovations are intended to improve or validate patient outcomes and are considered the key to quality patient care.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1993

Anxiety of elective surgical patients' family members. Relationship between anxiety levels, family characteristics.

Technological advances in the OR create new practices and procedures; however, humanistic and holistic approaches to nursing care remain the foundation of clinical practice. Perioperative nurses recognize that family members experience anxiety during surgery, especially during the time the patient is in the OR. Ironically, it is during this time period that little or no meaningful communication occurs between family members and health professionals. Patients continue to be discharged sooner, and in sicker condition, to be cared for by their family members. Families require information about how to provide postoperative care. Anxiety levels need to be decreased sufficiently to allow family members to use the information they are taught and ask appropriate questions. Interventions that reduce family members' anxiety need to be developed and tested so that family members can help patients after surgery. Using research findings as a basis for perioperative nursing practice may mean changing traditions and attitudes about family members of surgical patients. In the consumer-oriented climate of current health care, doing the "new" may make a difference in the market share. This "new" may be independent nursing interventions designed to reduce family members' anxiety during the intraoperative waiting period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effects of intraoperative progress reports on anxiety of elective surgical patients' family members.

The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the effects of intraoperative progress reports on family members' state anxiety level (STAI S-Anxiety), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate during elective surgical procedures. Family members of randomly selected surgical patients were eligible to participate. Control group family members (n = 50) received usual care. Family members in the experimental group (n = 50) received a 5- to 10-minute progress report protocol about halfway through a surgical procedure. Families' STAI S-Anxiety scores, MAP, and heart rates were compared between the control and experimental groups using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Family members in the experimental group reported lower STAI S-Anxiety scores (p < .001), and had significantly lower MAP and heart rates than did the control group (p < .001). Progress reports appear to be a beneficial nursing intervention for reducing anxiety in family members during the intraoperative period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The impact of critical injury as described by a spouse: a retrospective case study.

This descriptive study explored the initial experience of critical injury from a spouse's perspective. A case study was used to examine the Lazarus stress and coping paradigm. The subject was 43-year-old Caucasian woman, with three young children. Semistructured interviews were conducted 1 month following critical injury. Analysis of data confirmed the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional coping processes as suggested by Lazarus. From the spouse's description, three distinct phases of the critical care experience also emerged: notification, arrival at the hospital, and waiting periods. Cognitive, behavioral, and emotional coping processes were clustered according to the spouse's distinct phases of this experience. A 3 x 3 matrix provides a description of the coping processes during the initial critical care period and offers direction for nursing interventions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Needs of adult family members after critical illness: prescriptions for interventions.

Concerns for family members of critically ill patients are evident in nursing literature; however, assessment parameters and intervention strategies during the critical care experience require further consideration. This article reviews the results of prior published and unpublished nursing research pertaining to needs of adult family members after critical illness. Selected nursing interventions are provided to encourage practitioners and researchers to develop, test, and evaluate those activities that most effectively meet various types of family-member needs.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison ratings of need importance after critical illness from family members with varied demographic characteristics.

This descriptive study compares ratings of importance of selected needs by family members after the first 3 days of critical illness with family member age, gender, relationship to patient, prior intensive care unit experience, and patient medical diagnosis. Family-need importance ratings from 905 subjects, collected by 27 nurse investigators in 15 states over a 10-year period (1980 to 1989) were used as an aggregate data base. Bivariate t tests and analysis of variance procedures were used to compare ratings of importance for support, comfort, information, proximity, and assurance needs with family member demographic characteristics. Results indicated that there were more similarities than differences on the ratings of importance for selected needs from various family members. Focusing on these similarities should be useful for developing and testing nursing interventions to help family members meet their needs after a critical illness event.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Overview of family needs after critical illness: from assessment to intervention.

Results of numerous independent studies suggest that families of a critically ill hospitalized member have similar needs that they can readily identify as very important. Empirical analysis of results compiled from many studies across patient populations, settings, geographic locations, and over time indicates that families have primary needs for assurance, proximity, and information. These primary family needs provide a research-based framework to guide critical care nurses in implementing and evaluating family-centered nursing interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Internal psychometric properties of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory.

The aim of this investigation was to examine the internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI). Family need data on 677 subjects, collected by 21 nurse investigators in 14 states over a period of 9 years (1980-1988), were used as an aggregate data base. The internal consistency alpha coefficient of the total CCFNI was 0.92. Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation resulted in a five-factor solution as determined by eigenvalues greater than one, scree plot, magnitude of residuals, simple structure convergence, item loadings, and conceptual clarity. The five dimensions of the CCFNI were labeled as needs for support, comfort, information, proximity, and assurance. Sufficient psychometric properties warrant continuing use of the tool in research and clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Family member interventions: research challenges.

Numerous descriptive studies have provided a base for developing and testing interventions for family members after a critical illness event. The challenges of designing, conducting, and using research-based interventions for families are invitation for the researcher. Critical care nurses have much to offer and do make a difference with families. Accept the challenges!

Clinical Nursing Research↗