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J S Li

Publications and source records attributed to J S Li.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

A comparative dosimetric study on tangential photon beams, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and modulated electron radiotherapy (MERT) for breast cancer treatment.

Recently, energy- and intensity-modulated electron radiotherapy (MERT) has garnered a growing interest for the treatment of superficial targets. In this work. we carried out a comparative dosimetry study to evaluate MERT, photon beam intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and conventional tangential photon beams for the treatment of breast cancer. A Monte Carlo based treatment planning system has been investigated, which consists of a set of software tools to perform accurate dose calculation, treatment optimization, leaf sequencing and plan analysis. We have compared breast treatment plans generated using this home-grown treatment optimization and dose calculation software forthese treatment techniques. The MERT plans were planned with up to two gantry angles and four nominal energies (6, 9, 12 and 16 MeV). The tangential photon treatment plans were planned with 6 MV wedged photon beams. The IMRT plans were planned using both multiple-gantry 6 MV photon beams or two 6 MV tangential beams. Our results show that tangential IMRT can reduce the dose to the lung, heart and contralateral breast compared to conventional tangential wedged beams (up to 50% reduction in high dose volume or 5 Gy in the maximum dose). MERT can reduce the maximum dose to the lung by up to 20 Gy and to the heart by up to 35 Gy compared to conventional tangential wedged beams. Multiple beam angle IMRT can significantly reduce the maximum dose to the lung and heart (up to 20 Gy) but it induces low and medium doses to a large volume of normal tissues including lung, heart and contralateral breast. It is concluded that MERT has superior capabilities to achieve dose conformity both laterally and in the depth direction, which will be well suited for treating superficial targets such as breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

A quality assurance phantom for IMRT dose verification.

This paper investigates a quality assurance (QA) phantom specially designed to verify the accuracy of dose distributions and monitor units (MU) calculated by clinical treatment planning optimization systems and by the Monte Carlo method for intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The QA phantom is a PMMA cylinder of 30 cm diameter and 40 cm length with various bone and lung inserts. A procedure (and formalism) has been developed to measure the absolute dose to water in the PMMA phantom. Another cylindrical phantom of the same dimensions, but made of water, was used to confirm the results obtained with the PMMA phantom. The PMMA phantom was irradiated by 4, 6 and 15 MV photon beams and the dose was measured using an ionization chamber and compared to the results calculated by a commercial inverse planning system (CORVUS, NOMOS, Sewickley, PA) and by the Monte Carlo method. The results show that the dose distributions calculated by both CORVUS and Monte Carlo agreed to within 2% of dose maximum with measured results in the uniform PMMA phantom for both open and intensity-modulated fields. Similar agreement was obtained between Monte Carlo calculations and measured results with the bone and lung heterogeneity inside the PMMA phantom while the CORVUS results were 4% different. The QA phantom has been integrated as a routine QA procedure for the patient's IMRT dose verification at Stanford since 1999.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2003

Particle selection for laser-accelerated proton therapy feasibility study.

In this paper we present calculations for the design of a particle selection system for laser-accelerated proton therapy. Laser-accelerated protons coming from a thin high-density foil have broad energy and angular spectra leading to dose distributions that cannot be directly used for therapeutic applications. Our solution to this problem is a compact particle selection and collimation device that delivers small pencil beams of protons with desired energy spectra. We propose a spectrometer-like particle selection and beam modulation system in which the magnetic field will be used to spread the protons spatially according to their energies and emitting angles. Subsequently, an aperture will be used to select the protons within a therapeutic window of energy (energy modulation). It will be shown that for the effective proton spatial differentiation, the primary collimation device should be used, which will collimate protons to the desired angular distribution and limit the spatial mixing of different energy protons once they have traveled through the magnetic system. Due to the angular proton distribution, the spatial mixing of protons of different energies will always be present and it will result in a proton energy spread with the width depending on the energy. For 250 MeV protons, the width (from the maximum to the minimum energy) is found to be 50 MeV for the magnetic field configuration used in our calculations. As the proton energy decreases, its energy width decreases as well, and for 80 MeV protons it equals 9 MeV. The presence of the energy width in the proton energy distribution will modify the depth dose curves needed for the energy modulation calculation. The matching magnetic field setup will ensure the refocusing of the selected protons and the final beam will be collimated by the secondary collimator. The calculations presented in this article show that the dose rate that the selection system can yield is on the order of D=260 Gy/min for a field size of 1 x 1 cm2.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2003

D-lactic acidosis secondary to short bowel syndrome.

A 12 year old boy presented with 11 episodes of weakness, ataxia, nausea, slurred speech, dehydration, and sometimes severe lethargy bordering on coma. A year previously the boy had small intestinal resections leaving 20 cm of small bowel remaining. D-lactic acidosis was diagnosed on the basis of a D-lactate level of 5.23 mmol/l. The clinical presentation of the disease is recurrent episodes of unusual neurological manifestations and severe metabolic acidosis. The diagnosis is dependent on the presentations and the plasma D-lactate level. Development of the syndrome seems to be the effect of the accumulation of D-lactic acid.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed2002

A Monte Carlo dose calculation tool for radiotherapy treatment planning.

A Monte Carlo user code, MCDOSE, has been developed for radiotherapy treatment planning (RTP) dose calculations. MCDOSE is designed as a dose calculation module suitable for adaptation to host RTP systems. MCDOSE can be used for both conventional photon/electron beam calculation and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment planning. MCDOSE uses a multiple-source model to reconstruct the treatment beam phase space. Based on Monte Carlo simulated or measured beam data acquired during commissioning, source-model parameters are adjusted through an automated procedure. Beam modifiers such as jaws, physical and dynamic wedges, compensators, blocks, electron cut-outs and bolus are simulated by MCDOSE together with a 3D rectilinear patient geometry model built from CT data. Dose distributions calculated using MCDOSE agreed well with those calculated by the EGS4/DOSXYZ code using different beam set-ups and beam modifiers. Heterogeneity correction factors for layered-lung or layered-bone phantoms as calculated by both codes were consistent with measured data to within 1%. The effect of energy cut-offs for particle transport was investigated. Variance reduction techniques were implemented in MCDOSE to achieve a speedup factor of 10-30 compared to DOSXYZ.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2002

Allozyme polymorphisms of maize populations from southwestern China.

Maize ( Zea mays L.) is one of the most-important food crops in southwestern China. The diversity of maize populations from southwestern China has been evaluated on the basis of agronomic and morphological data, but not on marker data. Our objectives were to evaluate the allozyme polymorphism of these populations, and group the populations on the basis of allozyme data. We analyzed 27 maize populations from southwestern China and two populations [BS13(S)C2 and Lancaster] from the USA for genetic variation at 18 allozyme loci. We found a total of 69 alleles at 18 allozyme loci with an average of 3.8 alleles per locus. Compared with inbreds, hybrids, and populations from the U.S. Corn Belt, the 27 Chinese populations had a significantly higher ( p<0.01) number of allozyme alleles per locus. Maize populations from southwestern China have accumulated abundant genetic diversity, and might be valuable germplasm for broadening the genetic base of U.S. Corn Belt breeding germplasm. The analyses of allele-frequency distributions and the expected heterozygosity also reflected the differences between the Chinese and the U.S. germplasm. The Chinese populations might be valuable germplasm for complementing U.S. Corn Belt breeding germplasm. The analysis of gene diversity showed that 77% of the allozyme variation resided within populations and 23% between populations. This result suggested that breeders should identify one or a few Chinese populations with the best agronomic performance, and exploit the genetic variation within these selected populations. Cluster analysis classified the 29 populations into four main groups. Groupings based on allozyme data could be useful for classifying the populations into different heterotic groups and, consequently, exploiting them in hybrid breeding.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Aged endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice exhibit higher mortality concomitant with impaired open-field habituation and alterations in forebrain neurotransmitter levels.

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been implicated in various brain and peripheral pathologies such as renal failure, heart failure or stroke. Consequently, the mortality rate of aged eNOS knockout mice (eNOS-/-) was higher than that of age-matched (18-22 months old) controls. Only seven of the original 14 eNOS-/- animals that participated in the study reached the age of 18 months or older, whereas no control mice died during this life span. In order to assess the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of chronic eNOS deficiency we examined whether the surviving aged eNOS-/- mice showed changes in terms of motor, emotional, exploratory and neurochemical parameters. Aged eNOS-/- mice showed reduced exploratory activity in the open-field with no habituation observable neither within sessions nor after repeated exposures. Pole test performance of eNOS-/- mice was comparable to controls. In the elevated plus-maze eNOS-/- mice did not differ from controls in terms of time spent in and entries into arms, but showed less locomotion on the open arms. The most prominent neurochemical alterations in the forebrains of aged eNOS-/- mice were: (a) increased acetylcholine levels in the neostriatum; (b) decreased noradrenaline concentrations in the ventral striatum; and (c) lower serotonin levels in the frontal cortex and ventral striatum. The present findings suggest that mice which survived chronic eNOS-deficiency into old age, show some behavioral and neurochemical phenotypes distinct from adult eNOS-/- mice.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2002

Preparation and identification of specific and high-affinity monoclonal antibodies against morphine.

A C6-hemisuccinate derivative of morphine was prepared and conjugated to bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin. High titer antibody producing spleen cells were removed and fused with myeloma cells of SP2/0 origin. Using a conventional immunization protocol generated twenty-six stable murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) producing cell lines to morphine. The donor mouse produced antiserum with a high titer of 1/640,000. Twelve MAbs were selected for further characterization since they showed high sensitivities (53 pg/well to inhibit 50% of the tracer) in improved group-selective immunoassay (IGSI). The assay, which maintains high sensitivity, high precision, and a wide range of optical density (OD) values, was developed using the conjugate M-6-S-OVA to screen and characterize the anti-morphine MAbs. After four successive limiting dilutions, antibodies produced by 12 clones had high affinities ranging from 10(9) to 10(10) M(-1). These clones were found to be of Ig(G) class and IgM class with kappa and lambda light chain. Subclass determination showed that the clones produced IgG1, IgG2a, IgG3, and IgM types of antibody. One clone (2F8B11F2A12) was used to establish the calibration curve with a sensitivity of 400 pg/mL covering up to 25.6 ng/mL in urine.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Particle in cell simulation of laser-accelerated proton beams for radiation therapy.

In this article we present the results of particle in cell (PIC) simulations of laser plasma interaction for proton acceleration for radiation therapy treatments. We show that under optimal interaction conditions protons can be accelerated up to relativistic energies of 300 MeV by a petawatt laser field. The proton acceleration is due to the dragging Coulomb force arising from charge separation induced by the ponderomotive pressure (light pressure) of high-intensity laser. The proton energy and phase space distribution functions obtained from the PIC simulations are used in the calculations of dose distributions using the GEANT Monte Carlo simulation code. Because of the broad energy and angular spectra of the protons, a compact particle selection and beam collimation system will be needed to generate small beams of polyenergetic protons for intensity modulated proton therapy.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2001

Correlation between electrophysiology and morphology of three groups of neuron in the dorsal commissural nucleus of lumbosacral spinal cord of mature rats studied in vitro.

The dorsal commissural nucleus (DCN) in the lumbosacral spinal cord receives afferent inputs from the pelvic organs via pudendal and pelvic nerves. Electrophysiological and morphological properties of neurons in the DCN of L6-S1 were examined using whole-cell recordings with biocytin-filled electrodes in transverse slices of mature rat spinal cord. Neurons were categorized into three groups according to their discharge in response to suprathreshold depolarizing pulses; neurons with tonic (19/42) and phasic (13/42) firing patterns, and neurons (10/42) that fired in bursts arising from a Ca(2+)-dependent hump. The predominantly fusiform somata of neurons labeled during recording (n = 31) had on average 3.1 primary dendrites, 7.5 terminating dendritic branches, 3.1 axon collaterals, and 14.2 axon terminations per neuron. The groups were morphologically distinct on the basis of their dendritic branching patterns. Phasic neurons (n = 10) had the most elaborate dendritic branching and the largest numbers of axon collaterals. All tonic neurons (n = 11) had axons/collaterals projecting to the intermediolateral area but none to the funiculi, suggesting that they function as interneurons in local autonomic reflexes. Many axons/collaterals of all phasic neurons lay within the DCN, suggesting that they integrate segmental and descending inputs. Seven of 10 neurons with Ca(2+)-dependent humps had axons/collaterals extending into one of the funiculi, suggesting that they project intersegmentally or to the brain. Ca(2+) hump neurons also had more axons/collaterals within the DCN and fewer in the intermediolateral area than tonic neurons. This correlation between firing pattern and morphology is an important step toward defining the cellular pathways regulating pelvic function.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2001

Outer membrane protein-specific monoclonal antibodies protect SCID mice from fatal infection by the obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Ehrlichia chaffeensis.

Previous studies of Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in the mouse have demonstrated that passive transfer of polyclonal Abs from resistant immunocompetent mice to susceptible SCID mice ameliorated infection and disease, even when Abs were administered during established infection. To identify particular Abs that could mediate bacterial clearance in vivo, E. chaffeensis-specific mAbs were generated and administered to infected SCID mice. Bacterial infection in the livers was significantly lowered after administration of either of two Abs of different isotypes (IgG2a and IgG3). Moreover, repeated administration of one Ab (Ec56.5; IgG2a) rescued mice from an otherwise lethal infection for at least 5 wk. Both protective Abs recognized the E. chaffeensis major outer membrane protein (OMP)-1g. Further studies revealed that both Abs recognized closely related epitopes within the amino terminus of the first hypervariable region of OMP-1g. Analyses of human sera showed that E. chaffeensis-infected patients also generated serological responses to OMP-1g hypervariable region 1, indicating that humans and mice recognize identical or closely related epitopes. These studies demonstrate that OMP-specific mAbs can mediate bacterial elimination in SCID mice, and indicate that Abs, in the absence of cell-mediated immunity, can play a significant role in host defense during infection by this obligate intracellular bacterium.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Viable rabbits derived from reconstructed oocytes by germinal vesicle transfer after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Abnormal oocyte spindle due to the improper function of ooplasm is associated with female infertility of advanced maternal age. A possible way to overcome this problem is to transfer an oocyte germinal vesicle (GV) which contains genetic materials of a patient with a history of poor embryo development to the cytoplast from a donor oocyte. Here we demonstrate that GV transfer is feasible using a rabbit model. When the GVs were transferred to auto- or hetero-cytoplasts of GV stage oocytes, around 80% of the reconstructed oocytes could mature in vitro and 7.1-9.4% of the oocytes developed to blastocyst stage after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Transfer of 93 fertilized eggs reconstructed via GV transfer into six recipients resulted in two live offspring. Results of this experiment indicate that GV transfer can potentially become a new approach in treatment of infertility because of advanced maternal age.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effects of nicotine and cotinine on porcine arterial endothelial cell function.

UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND. There has been a significant amount of research on the effects of nicotine on vascular biology; however, little is known about the effects of cotinine, the metabolic product of nicotine. This study used a novel vascular perfusion system to study the effects of nicotine and cotinine on the vascular endothelial cell function. METHODS: Porcine common carotid arteries were cultured in a novel vascular perfusion system with nicotine or cotinine or as controls. After 24 h, vessels were precontracted with norepinephrine and subsequently relaxed with acetylcholine. Vessel diameters were recorded and analyzed. After culture, samples were taken for en face, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR for eNOS. Porcine coronary arteries were incubated as controls or with nicotine or cotinine and tested on a myograph system to measure contraction and relaxation. RESULTS: Porcine carotid arteries treated with nicotine and cotinine showed a 27.2% and a 41.2% reduction in endothelial-dependent relaxation, respectively, as compared to control vessels (P<0.05). Rings of coronary arteries treated with nicotine relaxed similarly to control rings while cotinine-treated rings failed to relax to endothelial-dependent stimulation. RT-PCR for eNOS mRNA showed a 23. 2 and a 24.1% reduction in eNOS expression for nicotine- and cotinine-treated vessels, respectively (P<0.01). Additionally, immunohistochemical staining for eNOS showed less dense staining on nicotine- and cotinine-treated vessels as compared to controls. En face preparations showed normal endothelial cell morphology in all groups, but cell density decreased slightly in vessels treated with nicotine and cotinine. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that cotinine may have even more effect on the impairment of endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation than nicotine for the regulation of vessel tone in porcine carotid and coronary arteries.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Glutamine enhances the gut-trophic effect of growth hormone in rat after massive small bowel resection.

Background. Bowel-specific nutrient, glutamine, growth hormone, and modified diet have been reported to jointly improve nutrient absorption in patients with short bowel syndrome. However, controversy exists about the exact treatment factor. In this study we attempted to analyze the individual and combined effect of glutamine supplementation and growth hormone on small bowel adaptation by using tube feeding to control luminal nutrition supply. Materials and methods. Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (278 +/- 8 g) underwent 85% mid-small bowel resection and were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, receiving control liquid diet via a gastrotomy tube; GLN, receiving liquid diet enriched with 20 g. L(-1) glutamine; GH, receiving subcutaneous growth hormone (GH) (0.3 IU, bid); and GLN + GH, receiving both glutamine supplementation and GH treatment. All animals were provided with isocaloric (60 kcal/day) and isonitrogenous (0.686 g/day) nutrition. Absorption tests were performed in the form of oral nutrient tests with (14)C-labeled glucose and (3)H-labeled palmitic acid on the Postoperative Day 12. Results. GH treatment significantly increased the plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) level, body weight, jejunal and ileal villous height and mucosal thickness, and peak plasma (14)C and (3)H levels. Glutamine supplementation did not produce a significant difference; however, combined with GH treatment, glutamine supplementation further increased body weight, plasma IGF-I level, jejunal and ileal villous height and mucosal thickness, and peak plasma (14)C and (3)H levels significantly. Conclusions. After massive small bowel resection, enteral glutamine supplementation alone has no remarkable beneficial effect on bowel adaptation. However, glutamine supplementation enhanced the gut-trophic effect of GH.

Absorption↗
PubMed2001

Resolution of the essential constituents of Ramulus cinnamomi by an evolving chemometric approach.

The analysis of complex mixtures, such as those of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is difficult by conventional methods of analysis. Chemometric methods provide a new way to solve such problems. Subwindow factor analysis (SFA) paired with the evolving window orthogonal projection (EWOP) method, has been used as a new evolving approach to the resolution of volatile components of Ramulus cinnamomi (RC). Compared with conventional chromatographic analysis, the chromatographic separation conditions necessary are greatly mitigated in our approach, yet the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative results is improved, because the measured data matrix has been resolved into chromatograms and mass spectra of the chemical components. Our method is, moreover, friendly to use and easy to program. Experimental results show the efficiency and convenience of the proposed approach. Forty-seven of the seventy-eight separated constituents in an essential oil, accounting for 89.55% of the sample, were identified by mass spectroscopy (MS).

Chromatography↗
PubMed2001

Verification of IMRT dose distributions using a water beam imaging system.

A water beam imaging system (WBIS) has been developed and used to verify dose distributions for intensity modulated radiotherapy using dynamic multileaf collimator. This system consisted of a water container, a scintillator screen, a charge-coupled device camera, and a portable personal computer. The scintillation image was captured by the camera. The pixel value in this image indicated the dose value in the scintillation screen. Images of radiation fields of known spatial distributions were used to calibrate the device. The verification was performed by comparing the image acquired from the measurement with a dose distribution from the IMRT plan. Because of light scattering in the scintillator screen, the image was blurred. A correction for this was developed by recognizing that the blur function could be fitted to a multiple Gaussian. The blur function was computed using the measured image of a 10 cm x 10 cm x-ray beam and the result of the dose distribution calculated using the Monte Carlo method. Based on the blur function derived using this method, an iterative reconstruction algorithm was applied to recover the dose distribution for an IMRT plan from the measured WBIS image. The reconstructed dose distribution was compared with Monte Carlo simulation result. Reasonable agreement was obtained from the comparison. The proposed approach makes it possible to carry out a real-time comparison of the dose distribution in a transverse plane between the measurement and the reference when we do an IMRT dose verification.

Calibration↗
PubMed2001

Effect of bowel rehabilitative therapy on structural adaptation of remnant small intestine: animal experiment.

AIM: To investigate the individual and the combined effects of glutamine, dietary fiber, and growth hormone on the structural adaptation of the remnant small bowel. METHODS: Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 85% mid-small bowel resection and received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) support during the first three postoperational days.From the 4th postoperational day, animals were randomly assigned to receive 7 different treatments for 8 days: TPNcon group, receiving TPN and enteral 20 g x L(-1) glycine perfusion; TPN+Gln group, receiving TPN and enteral 20 g x L(-1) glutamine perfusion; ENcon group, receiving enteral nutrition (EN) fortified with 20 g x L(-1) glycine; EN+Gln group, enteral nutrition fortified with 20 g x L(-1) glutamine; EN+Fib group, enteral nutrition and 2 g x d(-1) oral soybean fiber; EN+GH group, enteral nutrition and subcutaneous growth hormone (GH) (0.3 IU) injection twice daily; and ENint group, glutamine-enriched EN, oral soybean fiber, and subcutaneous GH injection. RESULTS: Enteral glutamine perfusion during TPN increased the small intestinal villus height (jejunal villus height 250 microm +/- 29 microm in TPNcon vs 330 microm +/- 54 microm in TPN+Gln, ileal villus height 260 microm +/- 28 microm in TPNcon vs 330 microm +/- 22 microm in TPN+Gln, P<0.05) and mucosa thickness (jejunal mucosa thickness 360 microm +/- 32 microm in TPNcon vs 460 microm +/- 65 microm in TPN+Gln, ileal mucosa thickness 400 microm +/- 25 microm in TPNcon vs 490 microm +/- 11 microm in TPN+Gln,P< 0.05) in comparison with the TPNcon group. Either fiber supplementation or GH administration improved body mass gain (end body weight 270 g +/- 3.6g in EN+Fib, 265.7 g +/- 3.3 g in EN+GH, vs 257 g +/- 3.3 g in ENcon, P< 0.05), elevated plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) level (880 microg x L(-1). 52 microg x L-(-1) in EN+Fib,1200 microg x L(-1). 96 microg x L-(-1) in EN +/- GH, vs 620 microg x L(-1).43 microg x L-(-1) in ENcon, P< 0.05), and increased the villus height (jejunum 560 microm +/- 44 microm in EN +/- Fib, 530 microm +/- 30 microm in EN +/- GH, vs 450 microm +/- 44 microm in ENcon, ileum 400 microm +/- 30 microm in EN+Fib, P<0.05) and the mucosa thickness (jejunum 740 microm +/- 66 microm in EN +/- Fib, 705 microm +/- 27 microm in EN +/- GH, vs 608 microm +/- 58 microm in ENcon, ileum 570 microm +/- 27 microm in EN +/- Fib, 560 microm +/- 56 microm in remnant jejunum and ileum. Glutamine-enriched EN produced little effect in body mass, plasma IGF-I level, and remnant small bowel mucosal structure. The ENint group had greater body mass (280 g +/- 2.2g), plasma IGF-I level (1450 microg x L(-1). 137 microg x L-(-1)), and villus height (jejunum 620 microm +/- 56 microm, ileum 450 microm +/- 31 microm) and mucosal thickness (jejunum 800 microm +/- 52 microm, ileum 633 microm +/- 33 microm) than those in ENcon, EN+Gln (jejunum villus height and mucosa thickness 450 microm +/- 47 microm and 610 +/- 63 microm, ileum villus height and mucosa thickness 330 microm +/- 39 microm and 500 microm +/- 52 microm), EN+GH groups (P<0.05), and than those in EN+Fib group although no statistical significance was attained. CONCLUSION: Both dietary fiber and GH when used separately can enhance the postresectional small bowel structural adaptation. Simultaneous use of these two gut-trophic factors can produce synergistic effects on small bowel structural adaptation. Enteral glutamine perfusion is beneficial in preserving small bowel mucosal structure during TPN, but has little beneficial effect during EN.

Adaptation, Physiological↗