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Biomedical subjects

J S Long

Publications and source records attributed to J S Long.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Lipid phosphate phosphatases and lipid phosphate signalling.

Mammalian LPPs (lipid phosphate phosphatases) are integral membrane proteins that belong to a superfamily of lipid phosphatases/phosphotransferases. They have broad substrate specificity in vitro, dephosphorylating PA (phosphatidic acid), S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate), LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) etc. Their physiological role may include the attenuation of S1P- and LPA-stimulated signalling by virtue of an ecto-activity (i.e. dephosphorylation of extracellular S1P and LPA), thereby limiting the activation of LPA- and S1P-specific G-protein-coupled receptors at the cell surface. However, our recent work suggests that an intracellular action of LPP2 and LPP3 may account for the reduced agonist-stimulated p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation of HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney 293) cells. This may involve a reduction in the basal levels of PA and S1P respectively and the presence of an early apoptotic phenotype under conditions of stress (serum deprivation). Additionally, we describe a model whereby LPP2, but not LPP3, may be functionally linked to the phospholipase D1-derived PA-dependent recruitment of sphingosine kinase 1 to the perinuclear compartment. We also consider the potential regulatory mechanisms for LPPs, which may involve oligomerization. Lastly, we highlight many aspects of the LPP biology that remain to be fully defined.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Large volume polymerized haemoglobin solution in a Jehovah's Witness following abruptio placentae.

Severe anaemia, with haemoglobin (Hb) levels < or =3 g dL(-1), is associated with mortality rates of 50-95%. Although accepted transfusion targets have been debated in the literature (Carson et al., 2002; Practice guidelines for blood component therapy. 1996; Consensus Conference. 1988; Hebert et al., 1999), few would argue the risks associated with Hb levels less than 5 g dL(-1) in critically ill patients. In patients who are unable to receive red blood cell transfusions, the utility of Hb solutions is an attractive solution. We describe a Jehovah's Witness patient who exemplifies the marked physiologic derangements of severe anaemia and subsequent clinical resolution with large volume polymerized human Hb transfusion. The Hb-based oxygen carrier, PolyHeme, provided adequate oxygen transport, acting as a bridge until endogenous production could compensate for red cell loss. Practicing physicians need to be aware of current therapeutic options for use in these complicated patients.

Abruptio Placentae↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of enzyme immunoassay performance characteristics--phencyclidine example.

Four reagent formulations (three provided by a manufacturer; one prepared in-house by mixing equal volumes of two commercial reagents) are used for the assay of phencyclidine (PCP) in urine samples. Performance characteristics evaluated included assay precision and sensitivity at and near the assay cutoff concentration. Data resulting from the reagent prepared in-house are better than those using then commercially available formulations, and are comparable with those obtained using the recently available new commercial formulation.

Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique↗
PubMed1973

Renin release from the ischaemic kidney.

1. We have confirmed that spinal section, and also pithing, inhibits the pressor response associated with the release of renin that follows re-establishment of circulation to the ischaemic rat kidney. Brain transections at bulbar and midthalamic levels did not modify the blood pressure elevation.2. Several pharmacological antagonists of the sympathetic nervous system did not modify the blood pressure response. These observations are not consistent with the view that a neural element is necessary for renin release.3. Constant flow perfusion of the ischaemic kidney in the intact and spinal sectioned rat was performed to evaluate haemodynamic factors involved in renin release. The pressor response was present in spinal sectioned animals under these conditions.4. These results suggest that the nervous system is necessary to maintain adequate blood flow for renin ;washout' into the systemic circulation rather than to release renin from juxtaglomerular cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Some generalization and follow-up measures on autistic children in behavior therapy.

We have treated 20 autistic children with behavior therapy. At intake, most of the children were severely disturbed, having symptoms indicating an extremely poor prognosis. The children were treated in separate groups, and some were treated more than once, allowing for within- and between-subject replications of treatment effects. We have employed reliable measures of generalization across situations and behaviors as well as across time (follow-up). The findings can be summarized as follows: (1) Inappropriate behaviors (self-stimulation and echolalia) decreased during treatment, and appropriate behaviors (appropriate speech, appropriate play, and social non-verbal behaviors) increased. (2) Spontaneous social interactions and the spontaneous use of language occurred about eight months into treatment for some of the children. (3) IQs and social quotients reflected improvement during treatment. (4) There were no exceptions to the improvement, however, some of the children improved more than others. (5) Follow-up measures recorded 1 to 4 yr after treatment showed that large differences between groups of children depended upon the post-treatment environment (those groups whose parents were trained to carry out behavior therapy continued to improve, while children who were institutionalized regressed). (6) A brief reinstatement of behavior therapy could temporarily re-establish some of the original therapeutic gains made by the children who were subsequently institutionalized.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Shoulder arthroscopy.

Shoulder arthroscopy is a well-established surgical procedure. Arthroscopy is used to confirm clinical diagnosis, establish details of shoulder pathology, perform surgical procedures relative to pathology, and plan for subsequent management. Anatomy and pathology of the shoulder, holmium laser applications, advantages and complications, and rehabilitation are discussed in this article.

Arthroscopes↗