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Biomedical subjects

J S Mizes

Publications and source records attributed to J S Mizes.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Validity of questionnaires for assessing dysfunctional cognitions in bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: This research investigated the validity of the Bulimic Cognitive Distortions Scale and the Mizes Anorectic Cognitions Questionnaire. The ability of these questionnaires to discriminate among individuals with bulimia, restrained eaters, and normals was also investigated. METHOD: Scores on these retrospective self-report questionnaires were compared to cognitions assessed via in vivo thought-sampling. Cognitions of 15 women with bulimia nervosa, 15 restrained eaters, and 15 non-eating disordered women were assessed. RESULTS: Results indicated that both the BCDS and the MAC successfully discriminated among individuals with bulimia, restrained eaters, and normals, and adequately measured in vivo attitudes and beliefs associated with food and eating, weight and body-image, and low self-efficacy. DISCUSSION: These findings support the continued use of both the BCDS and the MAC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Development of the mizes anorectic cognitions questionnaire-revised: psychometric properties and factor structure in a large sample of eating disorder patients.

OBJECTIVE: This project was designed to develop and test the psychometric properties and factor structure of a revision of the Mizes Anorectic Cognitions questionnaire (MAC). The goals of the revision were to improve the reliability and discriminant validity of the Weight and Approval subscale and to equalize the length of the three subscales. Also, the study compared the original MAC and the MAC-R in terms of their psychometric properties. METHOD: Twenty-four new items were developed for potential inclusion in the MAC-R, in addition to the original 33 items of the MAC. These items were administered to 205 eating disorder patients from five eating disorder clinics or programs, including inpatient, outpatient, and residential treatment settings that served diverse patient populations. Additionally, other measures of eating disorder constructs were administered to assess construct validity. RESULTS: Factor analysis of the large pool of items and item reduction resulted in the final 24-item MAC-R, each subscale being eight items in length. Results showed that the MAC-R highly correlated with the MAC and other eating disorder questionnaires. Reliability of the MAC-R was improved over that of the MAC. Two subscales of the MAC-R discriminated among diagnostic groups, whereas the original MAC did not, indicating improved sensitivity of the revised scale. DISCUSSION: The MAC-R appears to be an improvement over the original MAC. It provides useful information on the cognitions of eating-disordered patients and merits further investigation into its psychometric properties.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Foundations of behavior therapy in the contemporary healthcare context.

The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of behavior therapy. Both historical and contemporary perspectives will be addressed. Particular attention will be given to description of behavioral treatment interventions. Description of alternative treatment options, including psychopharmacology, will also be reviewed. The article will conclude with an examination of the importance of behavior therapy in the current managed care environment.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1999

Antidepressant pharmacotherapy helps some cigarette smokers more than others.

Adult smokers (N = 253) without clinically significant depression were randomized on a double-blind basis to receive fluoxetine (30 or 60 mg daily) or a placebo for 10 weeks in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). It was predicted that fluoxetine would selectively benefit smokers with higher baseline depression, nicotine dependence, and weight concern and lower self-efficacy about quitting smoking. Among those who completed the prescribed treatment regimen, baseline depression scores moderated the treatment response. Logistic regression analyses showed that 1 and 3 months after the quit date, fluoxetine increased the likelihood of abstinence, as compared with placebo, among smokers with minor depression but not among those with little or no depression. Results suggests that, as an adjunct to CBT, fluoxetine enhances cessation by selectively benefiting medication-compliant smokers who display even subclinical levels of depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

An empirical analysis of eating disorder, not otherwise specified: preliminary support for a distinct subgroup.

OBJECTIVE: In recent years, there has been debate concerning whether distinct subgroups exist within the eating disorder, not otherwise specified (EDNOS) diagnostic category. One subgroup that has been suggested is binge-eating disorder (BED). While BED has received some research attention, relatively little is known about other possible subgroups within the EDNOS category. The purpose of the present study is to empirically investigate whether distinct subgroups exist within the diagnostic category of EDNOS. METHOD: Participants were 53 EDNOS patients who presented to psychotherapy clinics for treatment of an eating disorder. Information gathered from a clinical assessment, which included a clinical interview and self-report questionnaires, was used in the analyses of the study. RESULTS: Using cluster analytic procedures, two subgroups of patients diagnosed with EDNOS were identified. The two subgroups differed from each other in terms of weight, binging, and body image variables. Specifically, the second subgroup (of 11 patients) appeared to be a distinct subgroup of overweight binge-eating patients, while the first subgroup appeared to be a heterogenous group of EDNOS patients. The overweight binge-eating subgroup was significantly higher in current weight, in reported highest adult weight, in reported higher lowest adult weight, and had more binges per week than the heterogenous EDNOS subgroup. Interestingly, the two subgroups did not differ in terms of self-reported purging and/or compensatory behaviors (e.g., vomiting and laxative use). DISCUSSION: The results of the present study provide preliminary support for a distinct subgroup within the EDNOS diagnostic category. This subgroup resembles BED, with the exception of the presence of purging behaviors. The findings of the present study suggest the need to further investigate the exclusionary criteria of purging/compensatory behaviors for the BED diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Neglected topics in eating disorders: guidelines for clinicians and researchers.

Over the past few decades, there has been significant progress in research on eating disorders that has informed the clinical management of these difficult, and sometimes refractory, disorders. Indeed, sufficient progress has been made such that practice guidelines have been offered to delineate standards of clinical care and guidance to clinicians in the treatment of bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. Out of necessity, however, the practice guidelines are based on a combination of research-based recommendations and clinical consensus because of significant gaps in the extant research. Nonetheless, clinicians must confront these clinical issues. The purpose of this special series is to address areas of significant clinical importance that have a very modest research literature, and to briefly summarize the existing research. The authors of the individual papers, all noted experts in eating disorders treatment, then offer practical clinical management recommendations drawing both on the modest available research and their extensive clinical experience.

Feeding and Eating Disorders↗
PubMed1996

The use of contingency management in the treatment of a geriatric nursing home patient with psychogenic vomiting.

A substantial percentage of nursing home residents evidence psychosocial and behavioral problems. However, surprisingly little is known about how effectively to treat geriatric patients with behavioral problems. The present study reports the behavioral treatment of a patient with psychogenic vomiting. The patient was successfully treated by changing the contingencies of her illness behavior and of behavior associated with rehabilitation goals. This indicates the importance of nursing home staff attending to the operants of illness behavior. Specifically, independent behavior should be rewarded by praise and attention and illness behavior should be ignored in terms of attention.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1995

Assessment of cognitive variable relevant to cognitive behavioral perspectives on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Several cognitive behavioral writers have described cognitions regarding food, eating, and body weight as central to the psychopathology of anorexia and bulimia. However, only preliminary efforts have been undertaken to develop valid and reliable assessment methodologies for these cognitions. This paper reviews the current status of self-report questionnaires, thought-sampling procedures, and methods from cognitive psychology as applied to the assessment of eating disorder cognitions.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1992

The body image detection device versus subjective measures of weight dissatisfaction: a validity comparison.

Several procedures have been developed to measure body image distortion. A recently developed device is the Body Image Detection Device (BIDD), which includes a measure of perceptual size distortion (BPI) and subjective ratings of relative weight (SRI). Initial studies have supported the validity and reliability of the BIDD BPI and SRI in mainly bulimic patients, though studies which question the validity of the BIDD (especially the BPI) have appeared. One purpose of the present study was to examine the BIDD's validity in anorectic as well as bulimic patients and to compare both to a psychiatric control group. A second purpose of the study was to compare the validity of the BIDD to alternative measures. Thus, this study also compared the BIDD indices with simple measures of body weight dissatisfaction. The results did not support the validity of the BIDD BPI as a measure of body image disturbance, moderately supported the SRI, and did support the measures of weight dissatisfaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Validity of the Mizes Anorectic Cognitions scale: a comparison between anorectics, bulimics, and psychiatric controls.

The Mizes Anorectic Cognition scale (MAC) was developed to assess cognitions relevant to anorexia and bulimia nervosa. It assesses three areas: rigid weight regulation, weight and approval, and excessive self-control as a component of self-esteem. Previous research has supported the validity and reliability of the scale. The purpose of the present study was to extend previous work to include anorectic patients, examine the specificity of the scale by making comparisons to a psychiatric (rather than normal) control group, and secondarily, to conduct a preliminary comparison of bulimics and anorectics. Results showed that for the total MAC score and the subscales, bulimics and anorectics scored higher than psychiatric controls, though they did not differ from each other.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Construct validity and factor stability of the anorectic cognitions questionnaire.

Specific cognitive distortions may be central to the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa; however, few psychometrically adequate instruments exist to assess these cognitions. The Mizes Anorectic Cognitions (MAC) questionnaire was previously developed to fill this need. The present study examined the construct validity, temporal reliability, and factor stability of the MAC in a sample of 100 college females. Results suggested excellent construct validity and test-retest reliability. Moreover, the three previously identified factors (i.e., Self-Control, Weight and Approval, Rigid Weight Regulation) were cross-validated in this sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Validity of the Body Image Detection Device.

The construct of body image distortion has occupied a central role in conceptualization of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. However, measurement of the construct has been problematic despite introduction of several varied measurement techniques. One new technique is the Body Image Detection Device (BIDD), which includes a measure of perceptual body image distortion (BPI) and subjective ratings of relative weight (SRI). The current study sought to examine the validity of the BIDD. In general, the SRI showed moderately favorable validity, while the validity of the BPI was not supported in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Bulimics' perceptions of emotional responding during binge-purge episodes.

The concept of changes in emotional arousal during the binge-purge cycle plays a principal role in bulimia theory. Female bulimic patients (n = 29) retrospectively rated the intensity of several emotions during their binge-purge cycle. When collapsed into positive versus negative emotion categories, both categories showed significant changes in emotions over the course of the binge-purge episode. Negative emotion increased after a binge and decreased during the purge. Positive emotion decreased after binging and increased during and after purging.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Criterion-related validity of the Anorectic Cognitions Questionnaire.

Several authors have suggested core cognitive dysfunction as central to anorexia and bulimia nervosa. However, psychometrically sound assessment devices for these cognitions are notably lacking. Previous research with the Anorectic Cognitions Questionnaire (MAC) has suggested that it has good concurrent and criterion-related validity, and high internal consistency. As well, the factor structure has been supported. The purpose of this investigation was to further assess the criterion-related validity of the MAC. Male and female college students completed the MAC and a questionnaire about eating and weight-related behavior and attitudes in four areas: general emphasis on weight regulation, relative importance of specific benefits of losing or maintaining weight (i.e., psychological, appearance, and health benefits), use of calorie restriction strategies, and use of calorie burning strategies. In general, persons scoring above the mean on the MAC showed more evidence of pathological eating attitudes and behavior in all four areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Anorectic Cognitions Questionnaire.

Several authors have hypothesized cognitive distortion as central to the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. However, there have been few investigations of these hypotheses. Equally as important, psychometrically sound devices for assessing these cognitions are notably lacking. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Anorectic Cognitions Questionnaire (MAC). This study reports on initial item development, initial concurrent validity, factor structure, initial item refinement, and internal consistency. Results indicated that the MAC has good concurrent validity, three theoretically defined factors were empirically supported, and the scale is internally consistent.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The use of contingent reinforcement in the treatment of a conversion disorder: a multiple baseline study.

Behavioral conceptualizations of conversion disorders emphasize the role of operant conditioning. However, this literature is methodologically weak, with few controlled studies. Thus, this study, by using multiple baseline and changing criterion designs, investigated the utility of operant procedures. It involves the treatment by contingent social reinforcement of a conversion disorder in a teenage girl. Treatment outcome and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Adolescent↗