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Biomedical subjects

J S Oktay

Publications and source records attributed to J S Oktay.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Evaluating social work discharge planning services for elderly people: access, complexity, and outcome.

The discharge planning role of hospital social workers has become increasingly important in services to elderly people. This article examines three issues: (1) the extent to which elderly people most in need receive social work services, (2) the extent to which the discharge planning performed is a professional task, and (3) the effectiveness of discharge planning for those who return to their homes after hospitalization. The study focused on 1,100 elderly patients from five Baltimore hospitals. Data were gathered from their social workers, from the patients themselves (by phone after discharge), and from medical records. Results show that only a minority of elderly patients who return to the community after hospitalization receive social work services while in the hospital but that those who do are likely to have posthospital needs. In most cases, the discharge planning uses professional skills, but 28 percent of cases are fairly routine. Finally, social work services were effective in reducing the level of unmet needs in the areas of nursing, medication, and physical therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Burnout in hospital social workers who work with AIDS patients.

Fears of a future shortage of experienced social workers in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) field because of burnout prompted this study of 128 hospital social workers who work with AIDS patients. Results show that hospital AIDS social workers had slightly higher rates of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization on the Maslach Burnout Inventory but also felt a substantially higher level of personal accomplishment. Age, autonomy, and belonging to a support group explained 19 percent of the variance in burnout. Hospital administrators are urged to examine their administrative policies concerning these factors and to explore ways to preserve and enhance the most satisfying aspects of the work. Further research is encouraged to explore the relationship between young age and burnout and to better understand the factors that make AIDS work satisfying.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

The Medicaid personal care services program: implications for social work practice.

Results of a survey of Medicaid personal care programs in 15 states and the District of Columbia in 1987 show that these programs suffer from many problems. Low wages and slow payment make recruitment and retention of qualified workers difficult. Other problems include lack of coordination among agencies, lack of adequate standards for training or supervision of workers, unequal access to programs, and inequities among states. Implications for social workers are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Post-hospital support program for the frail elderly and their caregivers: a quasi-experimental evaluation.

This paper evaluates the Post-Hospital Support Program for the frail elderly and their caregivers using a quasi-experimental design. The program goals were to reduce stress in the caregivers, improve functioning and reduce mortality in patients, and reduce health service utilization in patients. Subjects were patients at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, age 65 or over, who were returning home to the care of a non-paid caregiver and who had extensive post-hospital care needs which were expected to continue for at least one year. The 93 comparison group patient/caregiver pairs were discharged between May 15, 1983 and May 14, 1984. The 98 treatment group pairs were discharged between May 15, 1984 and May 14, 1985. Interviews were conducted with patients and caregivers at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after discharge. Results showed a slight reduction in caregiver stress and a substantial reduction in hospital days used by the treatment group. When confounding and history effects are taken into consideration, an average difference of 6.5 days per patients remains. The data also suggest that the treatment program may have postponed some deaths and nursing home placements. The results suggest that support services for the frail elderly and their caregivers can be cost efficient by reducing hospital length-of-stay. Savings were estimated at $4,585 per patient per year in this study. However, further work is needed to design programs which more effectively reduce caregiver stress.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

Foster home care for the frail elderly as an alternative to nursing home care: an experimental evaluation.

This paper describes a program (Community Care Program) in which some elderly hospital patients who were candidates for nursing home placement were placed in foster homes. Caregivers were carefully trained and supervised. A total of 112 elderly inpatients were randomly assigned to placement in a nursing home or a foster care home. Patients and caregivers were interviewed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after placement. Community Care Program patients were more likely to maintain or improve ADL (activities of daily living) and mental status scores. They also had better nursing outcomes and were more likely to get out of the house than were nursing home patients. Nursing home patients had higher life satisfaction, and participated in more social and recreational activities. The Community Care Program was 17 per cent less costly than nursing home care. The results suggest that foster care may be a viable alternative for a segment of the nursing home population.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1983

The practice-research partnership: is it compatible with teaching?

This commentary discusses possible conflicts that can develop among the needs of students, those of a school of social work's faculty, and those of health care agencies involved in a joint practice-research model. It also discusses the needs for schools of social work and the profession as a whole to develop funded research for social work in health care.

Boston↗
PubMed1979

Evaluating a course in family and community health care.

Described in this paper is an evaluation of the impact of a course in family and community health care on health associate students in the Johns Hopkins University. A simple before-after design was used. Students were observed interviewing an actor (simulated patient) and rated on their ability to obtain information about the "patient's" family situation. Results showed a significant increase in family orientation from pretest to posttest. The positive changes seemed to occur in the areas of family structure and family events, with no significant change being observed in the area of family dynamics. The investigator concluded that a clinical course can increase the family orientation of health associate students as evidenced in their clinical (history-taking) behavior.

Attitude↗
PubMed1978

Home health care for the elderly.

Home health services must be expanded and must include ongoing social work services. In addition to the provision of direct service, social workers are encouraged to advocate for quality home health services, to develop effective techniques for providing social services to home-care patients, to incorporate these techniques into social work education, and to become involved in the education of their medical colleagues. In this way, the home health field can begin to fulfill its goals by providing patients with quality care in the home setting, thus allowing them to remain independent and at the same time meeting their health and social needs.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Behavioral scientists as clinical educators of primary care practitioners.

Behavioral scientists on the faculty of the Johns Hopkins University Health Associate Program work in teams with medical preceptors in the clinical education and supervision of students during their first year of training. The rationale, objectives, and methods of implementation for this aspect of the program are discussed. This approach answers current concerns that relevant behavioral science content must be integrated into clinical training, and it appears to be useful at all levels of medical education.

Allied Health Personnel↗