Osteopathic treatment of low back pain.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
J S Oppenheim
Publications and source records attributed to J S Oppenheim.
Fibrin glue for cranial defects.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Craniotomy↗
Symptomatic cavernous malformations affecting the spine and spinal cord.
Ten cases of symptomatic cavernous malformations affecting the spine and spinal cord were retrospectively reviewed. The cases display a spectrum of pathological findings involving the vertebral body, vertebral body with epidural extension, epidural space without bony involvement, intradural extramedullary space, and intramedullary lesions. Lesions at all locations are identical histologically, electron microscopically, and immunohistochemically. This perspective, in which cavernous malformations are envisioned as a single entity arising at numerous locations, runs contrary to the view found in the neurosurgical literature. In most discussions of cavernous malformations, vertebral body lesions are depicted as separate entities from intradural lesions. Cavernous malformations, also called cavernous hemangiomas, are developmental vascular hamartomas that, by definition, do not grow by mitotic activity. Yet, the expansion of these lesions is well documented both in the literature and among our cases. The therapeutic modalities used in our series included observation, embolization, radiation, and surgical resection alone or in combination. All modalities are effective but must be tailored to the specific needs and condition of the patient. The embryology, methods of treatment, and proposed mechanisms of growth, plus similarities and differences between cavernous malformations at each location, are reviewed. Analogies between spinal and intracranial lesions are presented. On the basis of this series and a review of the literature, we conclude that cavernous malformations represent a single entity regardless of location. Segregation based on location, as is prevalent throughout the neurosurgical literature, hinders an overall understanding of these lesions. Cavernous malformations are more appropriately viewed as a single pathological entity arising in a multitude of locations. The difficulties encountered when managing cavernous malformations at various locations are unique to the location and not the lesion.
Adult↗
Ependymomas of the third ventricle.
Third ventricular ependymomas are rare tumors that have not been specifically examined. Four cases of these tumors are reported. The presenting symptoms included headache, ataxia, vertigo, and Parinaud's syndrome. All the patients underwent computed tomographic scanning and cerebral angiography, followed by craniotomy and microsurgical resection of the tumor. In addition, all patients had or developed symptomatic obstructive hydrocephalus requiring shunting procedures. Three of the patients are alive with a follow-up of 4 to 12 years. It is remarkable that these tumors are so rare, given that the ependymal surface area of the third ventricle is greater than that of the fourth. The management of these tumors should include aggressive surgical resection, radiation therapy, and cerebrospinal fluid diversion.
Adult↗
Neurological recovery after cranioplasty.
A patient who sustained a gunshot wound to the head was successfully treated with acute neurosurgical intervention. Six months after the injury, cranioplasty was used to repair a large skull defect. After cranioplasty, the patient developed significant improvement in motor function in his left upper extremity, which had been plegic after his injury. Although the mechanism of neurological recovery after cranioplasty is controversial, the occurrence of such improvement may be a sufficient indication for cranioplasty in certain patients.
Adult↗
Neurosurgery at the Mount Sinai Hospital.
The Mount Sinai Hospital was founded in 1852 under the name "The Jews' Hospital." Neurosurgery at Mount Sinai Hospital can be traced to the work of Dr. Charles Elsberg. In 1932, the Department of Neurosurgery was created under the direction of Dr. Ira Cohen. The history of neurosurgery at the Mount Sinai Hospital is recounted.
History, 19th Century↗
Thoracic herniated discs: review of the literature and 12 cases.
In comparison with herniations of lumbar or cervical intervertebral discs, symptomatic thoracic disc herniation is rare. Between 1986 and 1991, 12 cases of thoracic herniated discs were treated at The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City. Most patients had back pain or myelopathy. Nine of the disc herniations occurred at the lowest six thoracic interspaces. Eight patients underwent costotransversectomy and discectomy. Seven of these patients improved without complication. One patient was subsequently found to have a spinal arteriovenous malformation below an incidental herniation that had been identified by magnetic resonance imaging. Because of the nonspecificity of the signs and symptoms, as well as the prevalence of incidental herniations on imaging, a careful clinical and radiologic correlation is mandatory when diagnosing this uncommon pathology.
Adult↗
Predicting outcome in brain-injured patients. Using the Glasgow Coma Scale in primary care practice.
The Glasgow Coma Scale provides a quick and simple way to assess the level of consciousness of a brain-injured patient and to predict that patient's social outcome. The information provided by such prediction of prognosis can help primary care physicians choose the appropriate therapeutic regimen and also allows investigators to compare alternative regimens.
Brain Injuries↗
Anatomy and surgical techniques in the suboccipital transmeatal approach to acoustic neuromas.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Craniotomy↗
Intracranial chordoma in a preadolescent. Case report.
Chordomas are rare tumors derived from notochord remnants occurring primarily in the sacrum, clivus, and cervical regions. Exceptionally, these tumors occur in children, though usually in the sacrum. Eight cases of clivus chordoma have been described in preteenagers. In this report, a clival chordoma with unusual radiologic features is described in an 11-year-old boy. The literature regarding this entity is reviewed.
Brain Neoplasms↗
Acute atraumatic subdural hematoma associated with moyamoya disease in an African-American.
A 57-year-old black woman with an atraumatic subdural hematoma was treated for congestive heart failure and was found to have moyamoya disease. The association of these two lesions is rare and has never been described in an African-American. High cerebral venous pressures and changes in cerebral perfusion caused by congestive heart failure and the loss of cerebrovascular autoregulation in moyamoya disease may explain the spontaneous occurrence of a subdural hematoma. Recommendations for management are discussed.
Female↗
Magnetic resonance imaging morphology of the corpus callosum in monozygotic twins.
Recent reports describe wide variations in the size and shape of the human corpus callosum. To investigate genetic influences on this variability, magnetic resonance images from 5 pairs of monozygotic twins and 10 unrelated control subjects were analyzed. Measurements of size and shape revealed greater similarity in twin pairs than in randomly paired controls. The results are consistent with the view that the anatomy of the corpus callosum, while clearly influenced by nongenetic factors, is under considerable genetic control.
Adult↗
No sex-related differences in human corpus callosum based on magnetic resonance imagery.
Recent studies have reported sex-related differences in the morphology of the human corpus callosum in cadaver brains. To further investigate these reports, sagittal magnetic resonance image scans from 40 male and 40 female subjects were used to compare callosal morphology. Relative callosal measurements were calculated by morphometric analysis. Significant sex-related differences were not found for callosal areas, maximal callosal width, or callosal curvature. These results indicate the need for further study before claims of sex-related differences can be accepted.
Corpus Callosum↗