Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J S Prasad.
Production of hydrogenperoxide and myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination, by leucocytes was studied in normal subjects and subjects suffering from iron-deficiency anemia. The leucocytes obtained from severe cases of iron-deficiency anemia showed decreased myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination. Defective myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination can explain the basis for the leucocyte microbicidal defect in iron deficiency anemia.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of streptomycin such as plasma concentration, plasma half-life, urinary excretion, and in vitro and in vivo binding to plasma proteins were studied in undernourished and well-nourished individuals. None of the parameters studied were different in undernourished subjects as compared to those in well-nourished, in spite of significant differences in mean albumin values between the two groups. This may be attributed to unaltered protein binding of the drug in undernourished subjects in spite of low serum albumin levels, since streptomycin binds to globulins, in addition to albumin.
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1. The retention of ferric- and ferrous-iron was determined in guinea-pigs and monkeys using 55Fe and 59Fe. 2. The bioavailability of Fe from two typical Indian diets based on rice and wheat was determined in humans and monkeys using a 59Fe tracer and whole-body counting. 3. The retention ratio, ferric-Fe; ferrous-Fe was 0-90 in guinea-pigs and 0-33 in monkeys, indicating that monkeys absorb ferrous-Fe preferentially. 4. In monkeys retention of Fe from the test diets, as from ferrous ascorbate was lower than that in humans. 5. When food-Fe retention was expressed in relation to inorganic-Fe retention the value for retention ratio, food Fe: inorganic Fe in monkeys was similar to that in human subjects. 6. The results indicate that the monkey can be used as a model to study Fe absorption from human diets.
Nutritional anaemia is a major public-health problem in many parts of the world, and iron deficiency appears to be the most important cause. The immune response is believed to be impaired in anaemia. The results of the present study, carried out in young children, indicate that both the cell-mediated immune response and the bactericidal activity of leucocytes are impaired when levels of haemoglobin fall to 10 g/dl or less.
Metabolic and bactericial activities of leukocytes obtained from 5 normal volunteers receiving 1 mg of synthetic B1-24 ACTH intra-muscularly daily for 7 days, were studied. Bactericidal activity and phagocytosis induced hexosemonophosphate shunt activity of leukocytes were found to be depressed following ACTH administration. However, glycolytic activity, which provides the necessary energy for particle uptake by leukocytes, was not altered. These findings indicate that a moderately prolonged exposure to elevated levels of plasma cortisol does not affect the phagocytic activity of leukocytes (as indicated by glycolytic activity) but significantly impairs their ability to destroy the ingested bacteria. It is suggested that the impaired bactericidal activity of leukocytes reported in children suffering from protein-calorie malnutrition may partly be due to elevated plasma cortisol levels seen in them.
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