Genotypic influences on pituitary responsiveness to haloperidol in mice.
Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrated that CBA/J mice have impaired striatal dopaminergic supersensitivity in response to subchronic haloperidol administration. Others have speculated that the peripheral hyperprolactinemia produced by haloperidol is necessary for the striatal dopamine receptor supersensitization produced by dopamine antagonists. In the present experiments, we tested the hypothesis that the impaired supersensitization response to haloperidol in CBA/J mice was secondary to an impaired hyperprolactinemic response by comparing the CBA/J mice with other mice that show normal supersensitization responses: the BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J strains. Acute haloperidol treatments increased serum prolactin levels 60 min later in all three strains, with the greatest response in CBA/J mice. After longer haloperidol treatment (2 or 21 days), serum prolactin remained elevated in CBA/J and, to a lesser extent, in C57BL/6J mice; levels remained low throughout treatment in BALB/cJ mice. Although, the basal density of pituitary dopamine receptors [( 3H]spiperone or D-2 binding sites) was greater in CBA/J than BALB/cJ mice, only BALB/cJ mice showed increased pituitary D-2 binding sites following chronic haloperidol administration. Taken together with previous studies of dopamine and noradrenaline receptors in these mouse strains, we conclude that CBA/J mice have a generalized impairment in their supersensitization responses to pharmacologic blockade of receptors. These data do not support the involvement of prolactin in haloperidol-induced dopamine receptor up-regulation.