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Biomedical subjects

J S Veerkamp

Publications and source records attributed to J S Veerkamp.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Developmental changes in dental anxiety in a normative population of Dutch children.

AIM: The aim of this study was to ascertain age and gender related differences that contribute to dental anxiety and to find relations with early onset of child dental anxiety in a population of 4-11 years old Dutch children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted among 2,865 patients (48.2% girls) aged between 4 and 11 years old. The sample included a normative (n = 2,153) and an anxious group of children (n = 712), who were referred to the Special Dental Care Clinic in Amsterdam because of manifested dental phobia. Children were divided into three age groups (4-6, 7-9 and 10-11 years). Dental anxiety was assessed using the Children Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. Three levels of dental anxiety were used: low (CFSS-DS = 15-25), moderate (CFSS-DS = 26-36) and high (CFSS-DS above 37). Only children with CFSS-DS scores above 37 were considered dentally phobic. STATISTICS: Statistical analysis was performed in Statistics for Windows 10. RESULTS: In the total group a significantly higher level of dental anxiety was found among girls (p = 0.004; t = -3.262). There was a considerably lower number of dentally phobic boys (7.1%) and girls (9.2%) in the older group compared with the younger (51.8%, 52.8% respectively). One way Anova results revealed a statistically significant age related difference between the oldest and the youngest as well as the middle-aged groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.001). In general dental anxiety was explained better in the younger than in the older group. The regression analysis accounted for a higher percentage of the explained variance. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed the highest level of dental anxiety was present at 4 years of age and an overall decrease in dental anxiety occurred as children became older. In different age groups, dental anxiety seems to be related to different aspects of dentistry, indicating the causes shift from simple initial stimuli to more complex events.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

[Dental care for the handicapped patient].

In the last years the caries risk in the Netherlands has shifted to vulnerable groups consisting of people unable to commit themselves to independent preventive dental care. These groups, children with behaviour management problems, mentally disabled, and elderly people make a change in the perspective of preventive dental care necessary. A more individual approach is advised. The costs of the changes possibly have to be drawn from the regular dental budget.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Reliability and validity of measures used in assessing dental anxiety in 5- to 15-year-old Croatian children.

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate reliability and validity of different questionnaires and predict related causes, as concomitant factors in assessing different aspects of children's dental anxiety. STUDY DESIGN: Children were interviewed on dental anxiety, dispositional risk factors and satisfaction with the dentist after dental treatment had been accomplished. Parents were interviewed on dental anxiety as well. METHODS: The study population included 165 children (91 boys) aged 5 to 15 years, referred to a university dental clinic by general dental practitioners because of a history of fear and uncooperative behaviour during previous dental visits. Children were treated by two dentists, both experienced in treating fearful children. STATISTICS: Statistical analysis was performed in Statistics for Windows, Release 5.5 and Release 7.5. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated for validity and Cronbach alpha for reliability of the measures. Spearman Brown prophecy formula was used for correction of the alpha scores. Results The children's total average CFSS-DS score was 27.02, with no significant difference with respect to gender. The highest Cronbach alpha scores regarding reliability were obtained for the S-DAI, the CFSS-DS and the PDAS. Pearson's correlations regarding validity presented significant correlations between the CMFQ, the CDAS and the S-DAI, between the OAS, the CDAS and the S-DAI, as well as between the OAS and the DVSS-SV. CONCLUSION: Previous negative medical experience had significant influence on children's dental anxiety, supporting Rachman's conditioning theory. Anxious children were more likely to show behaviour problems (aggression) and more introvert in expressing their judgement regarding the dentist. Both the S-DAI and the CFSS-DS, which were standardized in the Croatian population sample, showed the highest reliability in assessment of children's dental anxiety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Dental treatment of children using propofol and a laryngeal mask.

AIM: Sedation regimens for toddlers and preschoolers are still open for further studies. Propofol is rapidly finding its way into medical routine. The aim of this pilot study was to re-evaluate the need for sedation in young children and to further investigate the use of propofol as an intravenous agent combined with the use of a flexible laryngeal mask for treatment of the youngest group of dental patients. METHODS: A randomised clinical trial with 54 children involved was conducted comparing one group receiving propofol sedation only with a study group receiving propofol with the use of a reinforced laryngeal mask. Assessments were made as to depth of sedation, quantity of propofol used, desaturations and recovery times. RESULTS: The use of a laryngeal mask improved the treatment conditions by decreasing the number of desaturations during treatment (p</=0.001, t=5.74). When using a laryngeal mask, the average amount (in ml) of propofol used was significantly higher (p</=0.016, t=-2.22) and the average waking up time in minutes significantly longer (p</=0.016, t=-2.23). CONCLUSION: It was also found that deepening the sedation to be able to insert the laryngeal mask effectively reached such a level that it should be renamed as anaesthesia, thereby possibly limiting its use to hospital settings. The study supported, however, the safety aspects of the laryngeal mask.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

[Dental fear in children: dental experiences during childhood].

This study aimed to examine the relative importance of invasive treatment experiences in the acquisition of dental fear in children. For this purpose, the complete dental history of 401 children (5-10 years) from 2 dental practices was studied. The level of dental fear in these children was assessed using the Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS). Differences in treatment variables between high fearful and low fearful children were analysed, and regression analysis was performed to determine significant predictors of dental fear. A significant though weak relation of dental fear with the number of experienced extractions was found, while no relation with the number of experienced fillings was found. The results indicate that within the (direct) conditioning pathway, objective dental procedures seem to play a minor role in children's fear acquisition. Clinical support for the 'latent inhibition' theory was provided: a history of neutral or positive dental visits seems to serve as a defence against the development of dental fear in children.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Behavioural and emotional problems in children referred to a centre for special dental care.

This study was conducted among 203 children (103 boys) referred to a centre for special dental care because of a high level of dental fear. It was undertaken to explore to what extent behavioural and emotional problems co-exist in these children compared with children of a Dutch norm group. The children's parents filled out the parental version of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), before their first appointment at the centre. The behavioural and emotional problems of the children were assessed by this CBCL, and the mean scores of the children in the study were compared with the mean scores of the norm group. The mean scores on all scales, except on the subscale 'sex problems', of the children with a high level of dental fear proved to be significantly higher than the mean scores of the norm group (P< or =0.001). The results indicated that children referred to a special dental care centre not only suffer from high dental fear but also have problems in several other behavioural and emotional areas. These problems appear to be heterogeneous; they were found in several specific problem areas, both external and internal.

Behavioral Symptoms↗
PubMed1998

The Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule: a factor analytic study in The Netherlands.

The Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS) is a well-known instrument for assessing dental fear in children. Previous studies have shown that the scale has acceptable reliability and validity. Factor analysis using scores of a group of Finnish schoolchildren resulted in three factors. No other data on the factor structure have been published. In order to report on the factor structure of the Dutch parental version of the CFSS-DS, the present study was undertaken. Factor analysis using scores from a group of Dutch children (n= 150) demonstrated a factor pattern fairly similar to the results found in the Finnish study. Three factors were found: 1) fear of highly invasive dental procedures, 2) fear of less invasive aspects of treatment and 3) fear of medical aspects. Considering that almost all items load substantially (> or =0.20) on more than one factor, it seems that one primary underlying dimension exists: fear of invasive treatment aspects. The CFSS-DS is proposed as a reliable, one-dimensional measure of dental fear.

Child↗
PubMed1998

[Anxious children. Evaluation after treatment at a special dental care center].

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of dental behaviour of anxious children after treatment at a Special Dental Care Centre. DESIGN: Retrospective, descriptive study. SETTING: Dutch Special Dental Care Centre (SBT). METHODS: A representative sample of parents was interviewed 1-2 years after their child's treatment at the centre about their present behaviour with respect to the home dentist. RESULTS: Results were analyzed using Analysis of Variance. Results indicate that within 1-2 years more than 90% of the children visited a home dentist, 80% of them had to be treated curatively and 60% of the treatment was performed using local anaesthesia. Retrospectively, the parents report a decrease of their child's dental anxiety, when leaving the SBT. The level of anxiety is unchanged after 1-2 years visiting a home dentist. For the children there was a significant relation between dental anxiety as reported by the parents and not visiting a home dentist. The high prevalence of curative treatment might indicate that children in this group belong to a caries risk group and might need extra preventive attention. CONCLUSIONS: After the initial treatment at the special dental care centre most children return to their home dentist. The children in this group referred for dental anxiety, belong to a caries risk group and might need extra preventive attention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Dentist's ratings of child dental-patients' anxiety.

This study investigates the extent to which dentists giving treatment are able to evaluate the (changes in) child patients' levels of fear, based on a comparison between direct behavior observations of a group of highly anxious children during sequential dental visits and video observations of the same group made by two independent evaluators using the measuring instrument described by Venham et al. (9). A significant difference was found between the fear scores given by the two dentists giving treatment and also between their fear scores and those by the independent observers. Both the fear and behavior scores of the two dentists giving treatment, however, clearly correlated with the fear scores of the observers. It is concluded that in this study the two dentists giving treatment were unable to award an unbiased fear score for each treatment given to a child but it was not possible to show that the bias was caused by experiences from previous sessions with the same child. After video training dentists giving treatment are capable of giving a picture of changes in children's fear levels during sequential dental visits.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of dental treatment and single application of a 40% chlorhexidine varnish on mutans Streptococci in young children under intravenous anaesthesia.

Clinical studies suggest that application of a highly concentrated chlorhexidine varnish results in a decrease in the number of mutans streptococci and thereby a decrease in the caries risks. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dental treatment on the levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) and the additional effect of a single application of 40% chlorhexidine varnish (EC40) on the level of MS. Twenty-three children under the age of 5 years scheduled for full dental treatment were selected. Of these 23 children (mean dmf-s 27.1, SD 19.3), 11 children had nursing bottle caries. The mean sugar exposure was 6.4. Subjects were randomly distributed into two groups of approximately equal size. One group received an EC40 application after dental treatment, while the other group received only full dental treatment, both with intravenous anaesthesia with propofol as a single drug. An unstimulated saliva sample and a plaque sample were taken prior to dental treatment. The saliva and plaque sampling of the subjects was repeated after 6 weeks. MS and LB were isolated and counted. The number of children harbouring more than 10(6) MS in a pooled plaque sample decreased significantly from 8 to 2 children 6 weeks after dental treatment. No additional effect of EC40 was found. The number of salivary MS did not change significantly between the groups or before and after treatment. The figures for LB remained at a high level of more than 10(4)/ml saliva before (21 children) and 6 weeks after treatment (17 children). The results of this study indicate that dental treatment results in a significant suppression of plaque MS, while a single application of EC40 showed no significant additional suppression after 6 weeks.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the experiences of fearful children at a Special Dental Care Centre.

A representative sample of parents was interviewed one to two years after their children had been treated at a Dutch Special Dental Care Centre (SBT). Information was sought about the children's current behavior during visits to family dentists. Within one to two years after the experiences at SBT more than 90 percent of the children visited a family dentist, 60 percent of them required restorative treatment and 80 percent of this treatment was performed, using local anesthesia. Retrospectively, the parents report a decrease of their children's dental anxiety, when leaving the SBT. This level of anxiety is unchanged after one to two years visiting a family dentist. For the children there was a significant relationship between dental anxiety as reported by the parents and not visiting a family dentist. Results suggest that referring dentists arrange the initial treatment at the Special Dental Care Centre and that the children in this group referred for dental anxiety belong to a caries-risk group.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parental beliefs on the origins of child dental fear in The Netherlands.

The aim of this study was to assess parental beliefs on the causes and prevention of child dental fear in the Netherlands. The parents of 123 children (67 high fearful and 56 low fearful children) were interviewed about the causes of their children's dental fears, and about factors contributing to the prevention of this fear. Parents attributed their child's dental fear to the following factors: invasive dental experiences (37 percent), medical problems (19 percent), child's temperament (16 percent), negative dentist behavior (13 percent) and social influences (5 percent). In the prevention of child dental fear, an empathetic dentist (34 percent) and parental guidance (30 percent) were mentioned most frequently. In conclusion, conditioning factors were reported to be highly important in the development of child dental fear. Some of the parents, however, indicated temperamental factors to have played a role, suggesting that subgroups of dentally fearful children exist. These temperamental or psychological factors seem also to contribute substantially to the development of dental fear. Possible differences in parental attributional style are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental treatment of fearful children, using nitrous oxide. Part I: Treatment times.

This study investigated the influence of nitrous oxide on treatment time when it is used as an additional aid to behavior management. Different parts of the treatment of highly anxious child dental patients may vary during sequential dental visits, and separate consecutive parts of the treatment were considered in terms of their duration. Fifty-six children between the ages of six and eleven, each with a previous negative dental experience, were selected. They were randomly assigned into one of two matching groups: one with behavioral management only (control); the other also having nitrous oxide sedation (experimental). Interval 1, involved getting used to the procedures; interval 2 was sedation; interval 3, local anesthesia; and interval 4, preparation and filling. Most children required between four and six sessions. Results show that in terms of total treatment time (TTT), the use of nitrous oxide does not save time, although dental treatment did not require a greater number of sessions. For the dentist to erase the negative imprint of a previous dental experience, special skills are required. Further research is advised concerning the anxiety levels of this age-group.

Anesthesia, Local↗