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Biomedical subjects

J Sailer

Publications and source records attributed to J Sailer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Endovascular treatment of aortic type B dissection and penetrating ulcer using commercially available stent-grafts.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to investigate the clinical experience and efficiency of translumenl endovascular stent-graft insertion using commercially available vascular endoprotheses. We studied seven patients with descending aortic dissection (type B) and four patients with penetrating aortic ulcer over a median follow-up period of 254 days during the years 1997-2000, using cross-sectional CT to evaluate the extent of the dissection, the distance between the entry tear and the left subclavian artery, and the diameter of the true lumen and the false lumen. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of acute and chronic aortic type B dissections and penetrating ulcer is a minimally invasive method with a low complication rate that could be considered a feasible alternative to surgical repair. Depending on the length of the dissection, we recommend the placement of two overlapping stent-grafts in the thoracic aorta to stabilize the affected thoracic aorta over a longer distance. This might provide a reliable sealing of the entry tear and should prevent further communication between the true lumen and the false lumen.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Radiologic quantification of joint changes. A methodological overview].

Osteoarthritis as well as rheumatoid arthritis lead to chronical progressive destruction of diseased joints. As aggressive new treatments need to be evaluated, plenty of (semi-) quantitative methods for the radiological joint evaluation had been developed. They lack sufficient reproducibility due to their low objectivity. Modern approaches of computer-assisted radiological quantification should increase the reproducibility and efficiency of radiological scoring. Automatically calculated, computer-assisted measurements of joint space, cartilage- and synovial volume, periarticular assessment of bone mineral density and quantitative analysis of the subchondral plate will have major impact on the radiological routine of the future.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1985

Slim disease (AIDS)

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

[Development of a numerically additive combined vaccine against tetanus and smallpox].

Mandatory vaccination against smallpox was abolished on the account of smallpox-eradication proclaimed by the WHO and the postvaccinal complications detected after smallpox vaccination. At the same time vaccine banks with the vaccinia virus strain "Elstree" were organized. Should mass vaccinations with this vaccinia virus strain be carried out in a case of emergency, severe postvaccinal diseases and complications can arise in overaged and immunosuppressed vaccinees after primovaccination. Therefore attenuated vaccinia virus strains should be used for vaccine banks, which cannot be activated, or increase in virulence in impaired vaccinees after primovaccination. For these individuals the vaccinia virus strain "MVA", among other attenuated vaccinia strains, is recommended. The MVA virus strain can be applied parenterally without complications. From the scientific and field-relevant point of view it was tried to combine the vaccinia virus strain "MVA" with tetanus toxoid and to develop a combination vaccine "tetanus-smallpox". In immunization experiments using mice, piglets and monkeys, safety and efficacy of the vaccine were investigated. Efficacy was demonstrated by means of postvaccinal antibody determination and by the mouse protection test. Tetanus antitoxin was measured by ELISA and indirect hemagglutination test, antibody levels to vaccinia virus were investigated employing the neutralization test and hemagglutination inhibition test. No significant differences in potency could be demonstrated between the combination vaccine and the corresponding monovalent vaccines in mice, piglets and monkeys. The combination vaccine consisted of 12 Lf tetanus toxoid and 10 TCID50 vaccinia virus "MVA" preserved with gelatine and glucosamine. The double intramuscular immunization of monkeys stimulated average tetanus antitoxin titers of 1:310 and average vaccinia virus titers of 1:195 2 weeks p. revacc. Similar results were obtained in mice and piglets. Side reactions were not observed in mice and piglets. Except for occasional local reactions of short duration at the injection site of the monkeys, similarly no adverse reactions were observed after intramuscular vaccination with the combination vaccine.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1980

[Radioprotective effectiveness of the paramunity inducer "pind-avi": investigation using the model "protective tetanic vaccination in mice" after exposure to X-rays (author's transl)].

The model "protective tetanic vaccination in mice" was used in order to try whether the paramunity inducer Pind-Avi may diminish or suspend radiation-induced immunosuppression. The radioprotective effect was ascertained from the different results of immunization in mice exposed to radiation after pretreatment with either Pind-Avi or placebo. The dose delivered amounted to 300 R. Tetanus toxoid was used for immunization. Effectiveness of the tetanic vaccination was analysed by means of load tests with 10 LD50 tetanus toxin, and of antibody determination with passive hemagglutination. Evidence was shown of significant radiation protection following subcutaneous application of Pind-Avi once a day during three days before of after exposure. Efficiency in mice treated with Pind-Avi amounted to 75% (pre-irradiation treatment) and to 43% (postirradiation treatment), whereas the efficiency in controls was zero in all cases. Thus, it was possible with Pind-Avi to suspend radiation-induced immunosuppression within a period of 3 days before or after radiation exposure, not only by means of prophylactic but also by therapeutic administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Nonspecific prophylaxis and therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound-infections with paramunization using a mouse-model (author's transl)].

The effectiveness of paramunization as a antigen nonspecific method to activate mechanisms against wound-infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied using a model of direct infection of mice with a "mice-pathogenic" Ps. aeruginosa strain on artificially set wounds. Active paramunization by means of a biological inducer "PIND-AVI" (M-HP 438) significantly reduced the mortality rate between treated and placebo animals. The best results were obtained by parenteral prophylactic application. A four times repeated injection of PIND-AVI before the wound-infection reduced the mortality rate from 80% (placebo animals) to 26.6%. Almost equally good results were obtained by clinically useful therapeutic application of the preparation. A four times repeated treatment of the mice after wound infection lead to a decrease of mortality rates from 86.6% to 36.6%. The paramunization inducer PIND-AVI caused no side effect in any of the experiments. The mode of inducer action in Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infections appears to be complex. Increased phagocytosis by nonspecific opsonisation, increased macrophage activity and concurrent stimulation of the lymphopoetic system could possible occur. On the other hand the nonspecific action of mediators could also play a role due to the inducer stimulated T-cells and cellular antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However both mechanisms in cooperation with specific and nonspecific humoral factors are probably interacting together. To what extent a simultaneous synthesis resp. release of endogeneous interferon plays a role is not known.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1978

Controlled field trials with oral and nasal immunization against tetanus in humans.

Under field conditions, the comparative effectiveness of oral, nasal and intramuscular vaccination of humans with tetanus toxoid was investigated. The effectiveness was tested by the determination of antitoxin titers with the L+-method. Oral booster vaccination produced only very low and irregular increases in antitoxin titer even at the highest dose of 6,000 Lf toxoid. In the most favourable case following triple oral immunization, a rise from 6.2 to 6.6 I.U. was achieved. Primary oral vaccination failed to stimulate measurable antitoxin production. After nasal booster vaccination with 1,000 Lf toxoid, a ten-fold rise in antitoxin titer was detectable. Following primary nasal vaccination, an average neutralization titer of 1 I.U. was achieved. The results of intramuscular and nasal booster vaccinations were similar although the antitoxin titers were significantly higher after primary intramuscular vaccination than after primary nasal vaccination. The average antitoxin titer amounted to 11.6 I.U. These results indicate that primary and booster vaccination against tetanus by the nasal route is a safe and effective procedure.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1977

[Seroepidemiological investigations on the prevalence of chlamydial antibodies in the human (author's transl)].

1,075 serum samples taken at random from blood donors and 524 samples from patients were investigated with a group-specific antigen for chlamydial antibodies. Antibodies were detected in 9.9% of the blood donors and in 25.7% of the patients, with titers from 1:5 to 1:160 in the former group and up to 1:640 in the latter group. In general, patients had significantly higher titers than blood donors. More attention should therefore be paid to the possible role of Chlamydia in infections of unknown origin.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1977

[Experimental investigations on the immunity development in irradiated mice after local and parenteral immunization with tetanus-toxoid (author's transl)].

Using the "tetanus-mouse" model the differences in immunity development between animals exposed to irradiation (300 R and 400 R) and animals not exposed to irradiation after nasal and subcutaneous vaccination was investigated. Immunization was carried out 1, 3, 6 and 10 days before and after exposure to irradiation. Efficacy of immunization was tested by challenge with 10 X LD50 tetanus-toxin and by antitoxin determination with L+-method. The degree of the immune response was dependent on 1. the irradiation dose, 2. the interval between active immunization and the ensuing or preceding irradiation, 3. the mode of vaccination (local or parenteral) and 4. the vaccination dose.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[A new possibility of "non-parenteral" (local) vaccination: immunization per wound (author's transl)].

Hitherto the term "non-parenteral" (local) vaccination meant all those modes of vaccination where the vaccine is applied on the skin or the mucous membranes. The most common types of local immunization are oral and nasal vaccination. Using model studies with the mouse immunization per wound was investigated as an alternative mode of vaccination. Immunization was done with tetanus-toxoid, efficiency was tested by challenge with 10 LD50 tetanus toxin. For immunization per wound only slightly higher antigen doses are necessary compared with subcutaneous immunization. A single subcutaneous vaccination with 2 Lf tetanus-toxoid and a single application per wound of 10 Lf resulted in the same efficiency index of 100. Immunization per wound has to be carried out immediately after injury. It seems to be optimal within the first 3 to 5 hours. At a later time the same efficiency index can only be achieved by use of a higher antigen doses. Immunization per wound is possible with all kinds of wound, even with burns. Size of wound and wound-supply do not influence the efficacy of wound-immunization. Immunization per wound does not disturb wound healing. The experiments reported here showed, for the first time, that immunization per wound is as effective as parenteral immunization. The most important advantage of wound-immunization is the speed and ease with which it can be administered, a fact which predestines it for vaccination in emergency cases. In practice it will be useful to combine wound-vaccination with wound-sprays.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1975

[Experimental investigations on oral immunization with tetanus-toxoid (author's transl)].

Model-experiments in mice were used for the investigation of oral immunization with tetanus-toxoid. The efficacy of oral toxoid application was tested by challenge and anti-toxin determination. The oral immunization with tetanus-toxoid induced only a sufficient protection, when toxoid was in intensive contact with the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. Local immunization via gastro-intestinal-tract failed. After a single vaccination with 200 Lf tetanus-toxoid onto mucous membranes of the oral cavity the efficiency index was 75. In comparison, a single subcutaneous application of 2 Lf tetanus-toxoid resulted in an efficiency index of 100 and a single intranasal immunization of 100 Lf in an efficiency index of 93. So the application of toxoid subcutaneously or onto nasal mucous membranes induced higher protection than oral application. Temporary development of immunity after immunization via the mucous membranes of the oral cavity was much better than parenteral immunization. 20 per cent of orally immunized animals were immune 5 days p. vacc. At the same time subcutaneously immunized animals failed to develop any protection. The efficiency rates obtained in challenge correlate with antitoxin content in the serum.

Administration, Oral↗