Biomedical subjects

J Saini

Publications and source records attributed to J Saini.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Urinary incontinence in familial dysautonomia.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women with familial dysautonomia (FD). A telephone survey was conducted on 68 known surviving female FD patients over 13 years of age registered with the Dysautonomia Centers in the USA and Israel. The mean age of the surveyed group was 27.1+/-9.8 years and 99% of the patients were nulliparous. The overall reported prevalence of urinary incontinence was 82% (n=56). Of the patients with incontinence, 59% (n=33) reported stress incontinence, 11% (n=6) reported urge incontinence, and 30% (n=17) reported symptoms of both, or mixed incontinence. In most women urinary loss was both small and infrequent, but 36% of women (n=20) with incontinence experienced a loss sufficient to necessitate the use of protection (panty liners, pads or diapers); in 7% (n=4) such loss occurred daily. Twelve per cent of all women with FD surveyed experienced primary nocturnal enuresis and 26% experienced nocturia. The prevalence of urinary incontinence is high in young female patients with familial dysautonomia. Neurophysiologic testing in this population may provide a better understanding of the role of the autonomic nervous system in urinary incontinence.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Effects of transdermal estrogens on endothelial function in postmenopausal women with coronary disease.

OBJECTIVE: Oral estrogens improve endothelial function, and for this reason may be considered cardioprotective; however, in women with coronary heart disease there may also be an increase in the risk of thrombosis. Although transdermal estrogen administration may decrease this adverse effect, there are few data on endothelial function in women with coronary heart disease treated using such therapy. This study aimed to report the endothelial response in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease treated with transdermal estrogen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a double-blind, prospective, randomized study. Eighteen patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome and nine healthy women were studied over 4 weeks. Coronary patients were assigned at random to receive a patch containing either 50 microg estradiol or placebo on a weekly basis. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated vasodilatation of the brachial artery. Baseline blood flow (brachial artery diameter) was measured after 30 min rest and following ischemia, prior to treatment and after 4 weeks. RESULTS: Flow-mediated vasodilatation in normal patients was 17.8%, whereas in women with coronary disease it was 1.2% (p = 0.0001). Arterial diameter for the resting period in coronary disease subjects increased from 4.22 +/- 0.59 to 4.41 +/- 0.56 mm (p < 0.004) after 4 weeks of estrogen therapy, whereas, in women receiving placebo, it did not change. Flow-mediated vasodilatation in the estrogen group was 3.4% and in the placebo group was 0.5% (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Transdermal estrogen may improve endothelial function in women with coronary heart disease.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMed1998

Supracervical and total abdominal hysterectomy trends in New York State: 1990-1996.

To describe practice trends for total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and supracervical abdominal hysterectomy (SCH) in New York State and to identify fiscal features associated with these two operations, all inpatient discharges for TAH and SCH performed for benign indications from 1990 to 1996 were reviewed using the Statewide Planning and Resource Cooperative System, a centralized data reporting system. For each year examined, the number of TAHs and SCHs performed, the procedure rates adjusted for the total New York State female population, and the per diem charge (calculated from mean institutional charge as a function of average length of stay) were evaluated. While the TAH rate declined in New York State, from 34.0 in 1990 to 28.4 in 1996 (P = .01), the SCH rate increased nearly five-fold during the same period, from 0.62 to 3.07 (P = .0003). Patients tended to be discharged later following SCH than for TAH, although by 1996, the LOS for both operations was equivalent. The per diem institutional charge for SCH was consistently higher than for TAH in each year studied. The changes in charge and relative frequency of TAH and SCH in New York State invite further study to describe these trends more fully.

Female↗

PubMed1998

The risk of cystocele after sacrospinous ligament fixation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether sacrospinous ligament fixation independently increases the risk of anterior vaginal wall defect. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgical operations by a single surgeon from 1970 through 1997. Two groups were examined and divided into subgroups to evaluate the effects of exposure to sacrospinous ligament fixation: patients with anterior wall defects undergoing standard anterior colporrhaphy with (group 1A) or without (group 1B) concomitant sacrospinous ligament fixation, and patients without anterior wall defects undergoing other pelvic reconstructive procedures (but not anterior colporrhaphy) with (group 2A) or without (group 2B) sacrospinous ligament fixation. Recurrence rates were calculated for each group according to evidence of any degree of anatomic defect. RESULTS: Among 322 patients in group 1, 9 of 77 in group 1A and 23 of 245 in group 1B (11.7% vs 9.4%, P >.05) had anterior wall recurrences. Among 73 patients in group 2, 8 of 45 in group 2A and 5 of 28 in group 2B (17.8% vs 17.9%, P >.05) had subsequent anterior wall defects. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of anterior vaginal wall defects was not found to be altered by the performance of sacrospinous ligament fixation. These findings may be attributable to surgical technique emphasizing maintenance of anterior vaginal wall length during sacrospinous ligament fixation.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Abdominal hysterectomy practice patterns in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To describe nationwide practice trends for two principal techniques of abdominal hysterectomy in the United States, numbers and rates of total (TAH) and supracervical (SCH) hysterectomy were reviewed with charges for each operation. METHODS: Practice patterns for all inpatient TAH and SCH discharges in the US from 1991 to 1994 were studied using HCUP-3 NIS, a nationwide hospital discharge database. Hysterectomies performed for malignant disease, vaginally or with laparoscopic assistance were not sampled. For each year studied, the number and rate of TAH and SCH, average length of stay (LOS), and mean institutional charge were evaluated. RESULTS: From 1991 to 1994, the US TAH rate (cases/10000 females) decreased significantly from 25.7 to 20.5 (P = 0.02). During the same interval the SCH rate increased significantly from 0.16 to 0.41 (P = 0.04). Nevertheless, TAH accounted for > 99% of all abdominal hysterectomies for each of the 4 years evaluated. The mean institutional charges for the two operations generally depicted SCH to be more costly than TAH. CONCLUSION: The national rates of TAH and SCH rates changed significantly in the United States from 1991 to 1994, with TAH declining and SCH increasing. This mix of cases continues to reflect a strong preference for TAH. Although hospital charges for both procedures increased during this study, these data show that SCH is more expensive than TAH. The much lower utilization of SCH renders nominal its impact on national healthcare expenditures, however. Further studies are needed to assess specific causative factors for these changes in US hysterectomy technique.

Female↗

PubMed1996

Effect of short-term endurance training on exercise capacity, haemodynamics and atrial natriuretic peptide secretion in heart transplant recipients.

Exercise tolerance of heart transplant patients is often limited. Central and peripheral factors have been proposed to explain such exercise limitation but, to date, the leading factors remain to be determined. We examined how a short-term endurance exercise training programme may improve exercise capacity after heart transplantation, and whether atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release may contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise training by minimizing ischaemia and/or cardiac and circulatory congestion through its vasodilatation and haemoconcentration properties. Seven heart transplant recipients performed a square-wave endurance exercise test before and after 6 weeks of supervised training, while monitoring haemodynamic parameters, ANP and catecholamine concentrations. After training, the maximal tolerated power and the total mechanical work load increased from 130.4 (SEM 6.5) to 150.0 (SEM 6.0) W (P < 0.05) and from 2.05 (SEM 0.1) to 3.58 (SEM 0.14) kJ.kg-1 (P < 0.001). Resting heart rate decreased from 100.0 (SEM 3.4) to 92.4 (SEM 3.5) beats.min-1 (P < 0.05) but resting and exercise induced increases in cardiac output, stroke volume, right atrial, pulmonary capillary wedge, systemic and pulmonary artery pressures were not significantly changed by training. Exercise-induced decrease of systemic vascular resistance was similar before and after training. After training arterio-venous differences in oxygen content were similar but maximal lactate concentrations decreased from 6.20 (SEM 0.55) to 4.88 (SEM 0.6) mmol.l-1 (P < 0.05) during exercise. Similarly, maximal exercise noradrenaline concentration tended to decrease from 2060 (SEM 327) to 1168 (SEM 227) pg.ml-1. A significant correlation was observed between lactate and catecholamines concentrations. The ANP concentration at rest and the exercise-induced ANP concentration did not change throughout the experiment [104.8 (SEM 13.1) pg.ml-1 vs 116.0 (SEM 13.5) pg.ml-1 and 200.0 (SEM 23.0) pg.ml-1 vs 206.5 (SEM 25.9) pg.ml-1, respectively]. The results of this study suggested that the significant improvement in exercise capacity observed after this short-term endurance training period may have arisen mainly through peripheral mechanisms, associated with the possible decrease in plasma catecholamine concentrations and reversal of muscle deconditioning and/or prednisone-induced myopathy.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Training effects on the hydromineral endocrine responses of cardiac transplant patients.

Cardiac transplant patients manifest several haemodynamic changes as well as altered peripheral responses to exercise which may disrupt body fluid regulation. This study examined the effect on an endurance training programme on the exercise-induced hydromineral endocrine responses of heart transplant patients. Seven patients underwent a square-wave exercise test before and after a 6-week training programme. The tests were performed at the same absolute intensity but, during training, the workload was increased to maintain the same relative exercise intensity. Pretraining results were compared to those obtained from age-matched controls. Training improved physical capacity, producing a significant increase in maximal tolerated power and workload between the first and last training session (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, respectively). Haematocrit and osmolality were increased in both groups at the end of exercise (P < 0.01) but changes observed post-training did not differ from pretraining values. Apart from atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which showed significantly higher concentrations at rest and during exercise (P < 0.01), the changes in hydromineral hormones of the patients resembled those of the controls. Basal plasma renin activity (PRA) was slightly raised prior to training (P < 0.07) compared to the controls and post-training. For both PRA and aldosterone, a significant training effect was revealed when both the exercise-stimulated increase and postexercise decline were considered (P < 0.05), possibly reflecting lower noradrenaline concentrations. Training had no effect on either basal or exercise stimulated ANP levels, which is compatible with the theory that ANP regulation is largely under mechanical rather than sympathetic nervous system control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Influence of alcohol on the hydromineral hormone responses to exercise in a warm environment.

Alcohol consumption at rest is associated with disturbed water and salt regulation reflected by changed responses in the hydromineral hormones. This study investigated the effect of alcohol on endocrine systems involved in body fluid and electrolyte regulation under conditions of physical exercise in the heat, a situation in which under normal circumstances, the hydromineral hormones are stimulated in an attempt to preserve physiological homeostasis. Eight healthy male volunteers participated in two trials, which differed only in the presence or absence of alcohol (1.2 g alcohol.kg-1 body mass) in a cocktail drink. After consuming the cocktail, the subjects exercised for 60 min on a cycle ergometer (45% maximal oxygen consumption) at 35 degrees C. Compared to the control situation alcohol consumption (maximal plasma concentrations reaching about 1.08 g.l-1) produced an increase in body fluid loss (P < 0.05), but did not induce significant differences in plasma volume changes. Plasma volume decreased in both sessions during exercise (P < 0.01) and a significant rebound (P < 0.001) occurred during recovery. Osmolality was significantly higher (P < 0.001) during rest, exercise and recovery periods compared to the placebo trials, but no effect of alcohol on plasma Na+ and K+ concentrations was observed. In the alcohol test conditions, the arginine vasopressin (AVP) response to exercise was significantly dampened (P < 0.05). In contrast, alcohol had no effect on aldosterone or atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). These results demonstrated that alcohol ingestion augmented body fluid losses due to a suppressive effect on AVP during physical exercise conducted in a warm environment. The increase in osmolality due to alcohol did not influence the aldosterone and ANP responses, which would suggest that total osmolality does not play a major role in the regulation of these hormones.

Aldosterone↗

PubMed1994

Nycthemeral patterns of thyroid hormones and their relationships with thyrotropin variations and sleep structure.

In order to precise the relationships between TSH, FT3, and FT4 nycthemeral variations and the relationships between thyroid hormone variations and sleep, 8 healthy young males were studied twice, once during a 24-h experiment with normal nocturnal sleep, and once during a night of sleep deprivation. The subjects received continuous enteral nutrition and remained supine during the whole experiment. Blood was sampled every 10 min for TSH, FT3, and FT4 measurements. Thyroid hormones exhibited small oscillations which were not systematically related to TSH pulses, and there was no evidence of a nycthemeral rhythm. SWS was associated with TSH declining phases, whereas awakenings were strongly associated with ascending phases of TSH variations. There was no association between sleep structure or awakenings and thyroid hormones. Sleep deprivation led to increased TSH and FT3 levels, without any variation in FT4 levels. These results demonstrate that short-term thyroid hormone variations do not only depend on the effect of TSH on thyroid secretion but also on a possible role of TSH on peripheral FT4 to FT3 conversion. Conversely, the relationships between TSH and SWS or awakenings are not mediated by thyroid hormones.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Clomipramine-induced sleep disturbance does not impair its prolactin-releasing action.

The present study was undertaken to examine the role of sleep disturbance, induced by clomipramine administration, on the secretory rate of prolactin (PRL) in addition to the direct drug effect. Two groups of supine subjects were studied under placebo-controlled conditions, one during the night, when sleeping (n = 7) and the other at daytime, when awake (n = 6). Each subject received a single 50 mg dose of clomipramine given orally 2 hours before blood collection. Plasma PRL concentrations were analysed at 10 min intervals and underlying secretory rates calculated by a deconvolution procedure. For both experiments the drug intake led to significant increases in PRL secretion, acting preferentially on tonic secretion as pulse amplitude and frequency did not differ significantly from corresponding control values. During the night clomipramine ingestion altered the complete sleep architecture in that it suppressed REM sleep and the sleep cycles and induced increased wakefulness. As the relative increase in PRL secretion expressed as a percentage of the mean did not significantly differ between the night and day time studies (46 +/- 19% vs 34 +/- 10%), it can be concluded that the observed sleep disturbance did not interfere with the drug action per se. The presence of REM sleep was shown not to be a determining factor either for secretory pulse amplitude and frequency, as, for both, mean nocturnal values were similar with and without prior clomipramine ingestion.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1994

Prolactin secretion and sleep.

To clarify the relationship between prolactin (PRL) secretion and sleep, three experimental procedures were employed and secretory rates were estimated from plasma levels using a deconvolution procedure. Eight healthy young men participated in two 24-hour studies, one using normal night sleep and one using delayed sleep, to determine the influence of sleep as a whole on the PRL rhythm. Another group of 24 subjects underwent a 1-night study to investigate the relationship between PRL secretion and the internal sleep structure. The influence of sleep quality was studied in two more groups of eight subjects. Secretory rates were calculated by deconvolution from plasma PRL measured at 10-minute intervals. Sleep was recorded polygraphically in all experiments. PRL secretory pulses occurred throughout the 24-hour cycle without significant variation in frequency, but with enhanced pulse amplitude for both night and day sleep periods. Sleep onset was rapidly followed by an increase in secretion, and awakenings coincided with an immediate offset of active secretion. Analyzing the association between secretory pulses and sleep stages demonstrated that PRL secretory rate is low at the time of rapid eye movement sleep onset. Sleep quality appeared not to affect the PRL secretory profile. These results confirmed that PRL secretion is enhanced during the whole sleep period, as inferred from plasma levels. Considering secretory pulses provides a precise determination of the temporal relations between PRL and sleep structure and demonstrates that occasionally poor sleep does not influence PRL secretion in normal humans.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Slow oscillations of plasma glucose and insulin secretion rate are amplified during sleep in humans under continuous enteral nutrition.

Concomitant oscillations of plasma glucose and insulin secretion rate with a periodicity of about 80 minutes have been identified in normal humans. To determine whether these slow oscillations are influenced by sleep, peripheral levels of glucose and C-peptide were measured at 10-minute intervals over 24 hours in seven subjects, once with a normal nocturnal sleep from 2300 to 0700 hours, and once with a shifted daytime sleep from 0700 to 1500 hours. The subjects received continuous enteral nutrition and remained supine for the 8 hours preceding blood sampling and throughout the whole experiment. Insulin secretion rate was estimated by deconvoluting peripheral C-peptide levels using an open two-compartment model. The amplitude of glucose and insulin secretion rate oscillations increased by 160% during the 8-hour sleep periods, at whatever time they occurred, whereas the influence of the time of day was not significant. Glucose and insulin secretion rate mean levels were also significantly increased during normal nocturnal sleep compared to the remaining 8-hour waking periods, but this effect did not persist when sleep was shifted to the daytime. The number of oscillations was similar in both experimental series and was not affected by sleep. No systematic concordance was found between glucose and insulin secretion rate oscillations and the rapid eye movement-nonrapid eye movement sleep cycles, despite them having similar periodicities. This study demonstrates that increased amplitude of glucose and insulin secretion rate oscillations is related to sleep rather than to the time of day, without any associated frequency variations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Renin as a biological marker of the NREM-REM sleep cycle: effect of REM sleep suppression.

We have previously described that, in normal man, the nocturnal oscillations of plasma renin activity (PRA) exactly reflect the rapid eye movement (REM)-non(N)REM sleep cycles, with increasing PRA levels during NREM sleep and decreasing levels during REM sleep. This study was carried out to determine whether REM sleep suppression affects nocturnal renin profiles and to define which sleep stage is essential for renin release. In a first experimental series, REM sleep was suppressed by using clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant. Seven healthy young men were studied once during a night when a placebo was given and once during a night following a single dose of 50 mg clomipramine. Blood was collected every 10 min from 23.00 hours to 07.00 hours. PRA was measured by radio-immunoassay and the nocturnal profiles were analysed using the pulse detection program ULTRA. Clomipramine suppressed REM sleep in all subjects but one, but did not affect the number of SWS episodes nor their duration. Similar PRA profiles were observed in both experimental conditions. Neither the mean levels, nor the number and the amplitude of the oscillations were modified and the normal relationship between slow wave sleep and increasing PRA levels was preserved. In a second experimental series, REM sleep was prevented by rapidly awakening the subjects as soon as they fell into REM sleep. The four subjects studied attempted several times to go into REM sleep, but only when PRA levels were decreasing. The interruption of REM sleep by short waking periods did not disturb PRA for which the oscillations remained unaffected. Again, the relationship between SWS and increasing PRA levels was preserved. These results provide evidence that mechanisms increasing slow-wave activity are principally involved in increasing PRA levels and that replacing REM sleep by waking periods and light sleep does not modify nocturnal PRA oscillations.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1994

Twenty-four-hour profiles of plasma renin activity in relation to the sleep-wake cycle.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative contribution of sleep and the endogenous circadian rhythmicity in producing the 24-h variations in the plasma renin activity. METHODS: Ten normal young men were studied, under basal conditions with normal nocturnal sleep from 2300-0700 h and once after a night of total sleep deprivation followed by 8 h daytime sleep from 0700 to 1500 h. Plasma renin activity was measured every 10 min for 24 h and the profiles were analysed using the pulse detection program ULTRA. RESULTS: During the 8 h night-time sleep a significant increase in the mean plasma renin activity levels occurred compared with the subsequent 8-h waking periods. After the shift in the sleep period, a sleep-associated increase was clearly apparent during the daytime hours. The number of the amplitude of the oscillations, linked to the non-rapid eye movement-rapid eye movement sleep cycles, increased during sleep (at whatever time it occurred), and were dependent on the regularity and the length of the sleep cycles. In awake subjects the plasma renin activity generally fluctuated in a more damped and irregular manner, but occasionally the plasma renin activity oscillated at a regular periodicity with two dominant peaks centred around 100 and 50 min. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the 24-h plasma renin activity variations are not circadian in nature but are related to sleep processes, which create the nycthemeral rhythm by increasing both the frequency and the amplitude of the oscillations.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Effects on growth hormone, insulin and glucose profiles in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

The principal nocturnal GH peak normally coincides with the first episode of slow wave sleep (SWS). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients have low nocturnal GH levels which may be explained by their poor quality fragmented sleep but other factors are possibly involved. Obesity is frequently associated with OSA, and obese patients also manifest reduced GH secretion. The mechanisms reducing GH levels in obese subjects are not understood, but hyperinsulinaemia is a suggested factor. In this study nocturnal plasma and secretory GH profiles of OSA patients were examined in relation to the quality and quantity of sleep, together with plasma glucose and insulin levels. Eight OSA patients, (BMI 32.7 +/- 2.3 kg/m2), underwent 2 night studies. For one night no treatment was given and for the other continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment was administered for the first time. Blood was collected continuously throughout each night and plasma GH, insulin and glucose profiles established in 10 min interval samples. From the plasma data a deconvolution model was used to calculate GH secretion rates. Sleep was recorded during the studies. For the non-treatment night GH levels were low and increased significantly with treatment, p = 0.008 for plasma levels and p = 0.02 for secretion rates. Treatment significantly decreased the cumulative apnea duration and increased the quantity of SWS and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep (p = 0.008), but the mean insulin and glucose profiles did not differ between the two nights. Individual GH plasma and secretion rates, on treatment, showed a tendency to correlate with the amount of SWS (p = 0.09).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Nocturnal pituitary hormone and renin profiles during chronic heat exposure.

To establish the principal endocrine systems involved in the initial adaptation to chronic passive heat exposure, responses of the hydromineral and pituitary systems were compared. Nocturnal plasma profiles of growth hormone, prolactin, thyrotropin, and plasma renin activity were determined during a period of prolonged heat exposure designed to simulate a hot climate. Two groups of six male subjects (G1 and G2) were kept for 11 days in a climatically controlled apartment. The G1 group was exposed to 20 degrees C throughout the study, and the G2 group was exposed to 20 degrees C for 5 days and to 35 degrees C for the following 6 days. Blood was collected continuously during the 1st and 10th nights from 2300 to 0700 h and was sampled in 10-min aliquots for hormone analysis. Heat exposure increased the nocturnal mean core temperature (P < 0.02) and stimulated plasma renin activity (P < 0.01) but had little effect on the pituitary hormones except for a small increase in prolactin (P < 0.05). For the G1 group there was no change in hormone profiles. These results demonstrate that the principal initial endocrine system involved in acclimatization to passive heat exposure is the renin-angiotensin system, reflecting counteractive measures against salt and water losses. In contrast, 5 days of continuous heat exposure does not provoke metabolic changes, indicated by the small effect on pituitary hormone profiles.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1992

Nocturnal prolactin pulses in relation to luteinizing hormone and thyrotropin.

The two hypothalamic releasing factors, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), have been shown to stimulate pituitary prolactin (PRL) release as well as their respective pituitary hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) and thyrotropin (TSH). In this study the influence of LH and TSH regulatory mechanisms on nocturnal PRL secretion was investigated by evaluating whether the coincidence of PRL with LH and TSH pulses occurred more frequently than would be expected if the hormone generators were not coupled. Thirty night studies were conducted in twelve healthy male subjects. Six subjects underwent 3 studies and 6 subjects 2 studies. Blood was collected into aliquots at 10 min intervals throughout the night and plasma concentrations of PRL, TSH, and LH were determined. From the plasma profiles, hormone secretory rates were calculated using a method of deconvolution. Significant plasma and secretory hormone pulses were identified by a peak detection computer program. For statistical analysis the night studies of each subject were concatenated. Concomitance between the plasma pulses of both TSH and LH with PRL was insufficient to reject the null hypothesis of random coincidence. An increase in the number of subjects demonstrating significant coincidence between the hormone pulses was obtained when secretory pulses were analysed. Seven of the 12 and 10 of the 12 subjects showed significant concomitance between PRL and respectively TSH and LH. This proportion was sufficient to confirm copulsatility between PRL and LH. These results suggest that LH regulatory mechanisms are involved in the generation of the nocturnal pulsatile PRL profile, TRH may also play a role in the secretion of PRL at a central level, but was not reflected in the plasma or secretory profiles because of other overriding regulatory factors.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Effect of awakening on aldosterone.

Overnight studies conducted in 10 male volunteers showed that the effect of awakening on aldosterone and its main regulatory hormonal systems depends on the time of its occurrence. Waking periods in the latter half of the night induced concomitant increases in plasma levels of aldosterone and ACTH, whereas plasma renin activity tended to decrease. No effect was apparent, when subjects were awoken during the first hours of sleep, which is known to be a quiescent period of adrenocorticotropic activity. These results provide evidence of the dominant influence of ACTH during the second half of the night insuring the regulation of aldosterone during waking periods.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗