PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Sainte-Laudy

Publications and source records attributed to J Sainte-Laudy.

86 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pharmacological modulation of IgE-dependent mast cell degranulation in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis.

Immediate hypersensitivity phenomena have been shown previously to occur at the beginning of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) induced in Lewis rats by immunization with purified S-antigen from bovine retina. The onset time and severity of the disease were modified by modulating the mast cell (MC) function. Drugs blocking the release of mediators from MC, disodium cromoglycate and ketotifen, given as eyedrops, slightly delayed the onset and decreased the severity of inflammation. Compound 48/80, a drug effective in depleting MC of their inflammatory mediators, delayed significantly the onset, decreased and sometimes suppressed EAU, when given by the subconjunctival or intraperitoneal routes. No modification of the IgG and the IgE circulating anti-S-antibody level was demonstrated in both types of treatment, whereas in vitro reagin-dependent degranulation of peritoneal MC in the presence of the antigen was decreased in both cases. Identification of MC-bound reagins as IgE was strongly suggested by the blocking effect of anti-IgE antibodies on MC degranulation. These data confirm the link between MC activation and the onset and severity of EAU.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Value of basophil studies in the diagnosis of drug allergies].

Mastocytes and basophils are the two cell populations involved in the reactions seen during drug allergies. The testing of basophils is the only and simplest way of studying sensitization in the IgE system by a drug antigen, especially when the skin tests cannot be carried out. This study is carried out in two steps: straight after the drug-induced accident, where a basophil count will give an idea of its allergic origin; and some time after the accident, where the human basophil degranulation test (H.B.D.T.) helps to identify in over 50 p. 100 of cases the responsible drug. The basophil count and H.B.D.T. techniques are then described. The authors present their own results. In a study by H.B.D.T. of 908 patients with a drug allergy, 53.2 p. 100 had positive test; 57.6 p. 100 of 33 cases who presented an anaesthetic accident had a positive H.B.D.T.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1982

[The comparative value of the human basophil degranulation test and classical serology (immunofluorescence, haemagglutination, electrosyneresis, Vogel and Minning's Test) in the diagnosis of bilharzioses due to Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium].

The Human Basophil Degranulation Test (HBDT), using Benveniste's technique, was compared to four serological techniques in a group of 42 cases of intestinal and urinary bilharziosis: indirect immunofluorescence, passive haemagglutination, electrosyneresis, and Vogel and Minning's test. The HBDT proved to be 88% more sensitive than each of the other techniques. It showed excellent specificity in a group of 32 negative controls, allergic subjects or patients with other helminth infestations. This study establishes the HBDT as one of the best immunological diagnostic tests of bilharziosis. However, the HBDT is not quantitative and only indicates reaginic sensitivity. It should be used together with tests of humoral immunity.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1981

Evidence for immediate hypersensitivity phenomena in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis.

Evidence is presented for the involvement of immediate hypersensitivity phenomena in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis, an ocular inflammatory disease induced in Lewis rats by injection of the purified S antigen from bovine retina. Several parameters at various dates after immunization have been studied. In vivo degranulation of choroidal mast cells, in vitro degranulation of peritoneal mast cells in the presence of S antigen and cutaneous anaphylaxis were observed as early as 6-8 days after immunization. Serum antibodies were detected by passive hemagglutination from day 7 on. These phenomena preceded the onset of the ocular inflammation, consisting of a transient polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, a long-lasting lymphoid cell infiltration and extensive damage to the retina and surrounding tissues. Such time course of events may suggest a role for reaginic antibody as a trigger for vascular changes in the target ocular tissue, favoring the development of inflammatory lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Interpretation of results on a human basophil degranulation test (author's transl)].

A statistical analysis of a result on a human basophile degranulation test was performed. The shape of the curve representing the number of basophiles, as a function of the logarithm of the allergenic dosage, was parabolic, in the case of degranulation. This curve permits a calculation of the dosage necessary to provoke a degranulation of 10 per cent, in comparison with the mean of the two control test tubes. The authors also determined the significant degranulation threshold to be 5 per cent, as regards the mean number of cells counted for the controls (example: for 50 control cells counted, the threshold was equal to 28 per cent degranulation). This statistical analysis largely facilitates the interpretation of the granulation test by basophiles, by assuring the value of observed degranulations, and by allowing a better quantification of the phenomenon. The latter might permit a comparison of different batches of allergen, that is, the standardisation of allergens. These calculations can be easily programmed, using a currently available calculator.

Basophils↗
PubMed1980

[Ocular loaiasis in a young Caucasian tourist (author's transl)].

This observation perfectly illustrates the main epidemiological, clinical and biological peculiarities of this parasitic disease. Particularly, as it concerns a tourist who travelled across Africa for a short period of time it is possible to assess the time of exposure to infecting mosquito bites, the maturation period of time as well as the time of clinical incubation. On the other hand the value of the immunological techniques to make the diagnosis of loaiasis as well as the difficulties to treat this affection are stressed upon.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[New information on the metabolism of isoniazide and rifampicin. Their therapeutical consequences (author's transl)].

The highly bactericidal rifampicin-isoniazide association enabled the shortening of tuberculosis treatment. The authors present the study done on the tolerance to these drugs either alone or in association. Rifampicin on it own is little toxic, apart from a few cases of immuno-allergic accidents connected to intermittent prescriptions. Isoniazide is mainly responsible for hepatic accidents through the medium of metabolite, the acetyl-hydrazin. Acetylation of isoniazide is then completed by a hydrolysis, all the more important that the patient has a rapid acetyling phenotype. The optimal therapeutical period corresponds, 3 hours after a single intake of isoniazide, to a level of 1 to 2 mcg/ml in serum. Hepatic toxicity only appears for a level superior to 2 mcg/ml, mostly for the slow acetylors. Both drugs given together have unchanged cinetics and with adapted dosing of isoniazide the hepatic accidents seem to disappear.

Drug Therapy, Combination↗